Poles and Zeros of a transfer function are the frequencies for which the value of the denominator and numerator of transfer function becomes zero respectively
Poles and Zeros of a transfer function are the frequencies for which the value of the denominator and numerator of transfer function becomes zero respectively
Signal Flow Graph, SFG and Mason Gain Formula, Example solved with Masson Gai...Waqas Afzal
Basic Properties of SFG
Definitions of SFG Terms
SFG Algebra
Relation between SFG and block diagram
Mason Gain Formula
Example solved with Masson Gain Formula
Root locus is a graphical representation of the closed-loop poles as a system parameter is varied.
It can be used to describe qualitatively the performance of a system as various parameters are changed.
It gives graphic representation of a system’s transient response and also stability.
We can see the range of stability, instability, and the conditions that cause a system to break into oscillation.
this is presentation about time response analysis in control engineering. this is presentation on its types and many more like time responses with best example
ppt on Time Domain and Frequency Domain Analysissagar_kamble
in this presentation, you will be able to know what is this freq. and time domain analysis.
At last one example is illustreted with video, which distinguishes these two analysis
An amplifier is one of the most important applications of transistor. Generally, transistor in CE configuration was used for faithful amplification of signal due to high gain, high input impedance and high power gain. But it has been observed that feedback in an amplifier introduces significant improvement in gain and gives amplified output in required form.
This Presentation explains about the introduction of Frequency Response Analysis. This video clearly shows advantages and disadvantages of Frequency Response Analysis and also explains frequency domain specifications and derivations of Resonant Peak, Resonant Frequency and Bandwidth.
The presentation covers sampling theorem, ideal sampling, flat top sampling, natural sampling, reconstruction of signals from samples, aliasing effect, zero order hold, upsampling, downsampling, and discrete time processing of continuous time signals.
CONTROL SYSTEMS PPT ON A LEAD COMPENSATOR CHARACTERISTICS USING BODE DIAGRAM ...sanjay kumar pediredla
A LEAD COMPENSATOR CHARACTERISTICS USING BODE DIAGRAM FOR MAXIMUM OF 50 DEG PHASE ANGLE
THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL FOR THE ENGINEERING STUDENTS FOR CONTROL SYSTEMS STUDENTS AND THIS PPT ALSO CONTAINS A MATLAB CODING FOR THE LEAD COMPENSATOR AND THE RESULTS ARE ALSO PLOTTED IN THAT PPT AND THE PROBLEM CAN ALSO BE SOLVED BY USING THE DATA IN PPT AND IT IS SO USEFUL PPT
This presentation explains about the introduction of Nyquist Stability criterion. It clearly shows advantages and disadvantages of Nyquist Stability criterion and also explains importance of Nyquist Stability criterion and steps required to sketch the Nyquist plot. It explains about the steps required to sketch Nyquist plot clearly. It also explains about sketching Nyquist plot and determines the stability by using Nyquist Stability criterion with an example.
This presentation gives the information about introduction to control systems
Subject: Control Engineering as per VTU Syllabus of Aeronautical Engineering.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
Disclaimer:
The contents used in this presentation are taken from the text books mentioned in the references. I do not hold any copyrights for the contents. It has been prepared to use in the class lectures, not for commercial purpose.
Classification of signals and systems as well as their properties are given in the PPT .Examples related to types of signals and systems are also given .
Signal Flow Graph, SFG and Mason Gain Formula, Example solved with Masson Gai...Waqas Afzal
Basic Properties of SFG
Definitions of SFG Terms
SFG Algebra
Relation between SFG and block diagram
Mason Gain Formula
Example solved with Masson Gain Formula
Root locus is a graphical representation of the closed-loop poles as a system parameter is varied.
It can be used to describe qualitatively the performance of a system as various parameters are changed.
It gives graphic representation of a system’s transient response and also stability.
We can see the range of stability, instability, and the conditions that cause a system to break into oscillation.
this is presentation about time response analysis in control engineering. this is presentation on its types and many more like time responses with best example
ppt on Time Domain and Frequency Domain Analysissagar_kamble
in this presentation, you will be able to know what is this freq. and time domain analysis.
At last one example is illustreted with video, which distinguishes these two analysis
An amplifier is one of the most important applications of transistor. Generally, transistor in CE configuration was used for faithful amplification of signal due to high gain, high input impedance and high power gain. But it has been observed that feedback in an amplifier introduces significant improvement in gain and gives amplified output in required form.
This Presentation explains about the introduction of Frequency Response Analysis. This video clearly shows advantages and disadvantages of Frequency Response Analysis and also explains frequency domain specifications and derivations of Resonant Peak, Resonant Frequency and Bandwidth.
The presentation covers sampling theorem, ideal sampling, flat top sampling, natural sampling, reconstruction of signals from samples, aliasing effect, zero order hold, upsampling, downsampling, and discrete time processing of continuous time signals.
CONTROL SYSTEMS PPT ON A LEAD COMPENSATOR CHARACTERISTICS USING BODE DIAGRAM ...sanjay kumar pediredla
A LEAD COMPENSATOR CHARACTERISTICS USING BODE DIAGRAM FOR MAXIMUM OF 50 DEG PHASE ANGLE
THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL FOR THE ENGINEERING STUDENTS FOR CONTROL SYSTEMS STUDENTS AND THIS PPT ALSO CONTAINS A MATLAB CODING FOR THE LEAD COMPENSATOR AND THE RESULTS ARE ALSO PLOTTED IN THAT PPT AND THE PROBLEM CAN ALSO BE SOLVED BY USING THE DATA IN PPT AND IT IS SO USEFUL PPT
This presentation explains about the introduction of Nyquist Stability criterion. It clearly shows advantages and disadvantages of Nyquist Stability criterion and also explains importance of Nyquist Stability criterion and steps required to sketch the Nyquist plot. It explains about the steps required to sketch Nyquist plot clearly. It also explains about sketching Nyquist plot and determines the stability by using Nyquist Stability criterion with an example.
This presentation gives the information about introduction to control systems
Subject: Control Engineering as per VTU Syllabus of Aeronautical Engineering.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
Disclaimer:
The contents used in this presentation are taken from the text books mentioned in the references. I do not hold any copyrights for the contents. It has been prepared to use in the class lectures, not for commercial purpose.
Classification of signals and systems as well as their properties are given in the PPT .Examples related to types of signals and systems are also given .
Webinar - Maximize Your Library Technology - 2016-05-24TechSoup
Are you on staff at public library and wondering what kinds of technology donations are available to your library through TechSoup's programs with Microsoft, Adobe, Mobile Beacon Wi-Fi hotspots, JourneyEd, Dell hardware, and other partners? Wonder no more!
Watch TechSoup for Libraries pro (and librarian, herself), Ginny Mies, who will walk through a variety of the donated software, hardware, and technology services available to your public library. In addition, learn more about the wide variety of resources at your disposal - from free live webinars to community meetups, and more!
Learn how your library can get the most out of TechSoup's donated products and free resources for public libraries. In this session, we:
-- Discuss how to become a TechSoup member
-- The products libraries qualify for
-- The many free technology resources TechSoup offers to help you do the most with technology
-- New products/programs such as Wi-Fi hotspots and access to the Dell Affiliate Program for discounted hardware
-- Plus, we'll make sure we have ample time answer your questions!
You have a maker-space; so what’s next? Join Brian Pichman from the Evolve Project as he walks you through how plan, market, and organize your programming events for your MakerSpace. Brian will also share successful programming ideas learn about programming regardless of library type. Allow your public library or school library to foster innovation and offer unique opportunities to encourage more patrons to interact, grow, and learn.
Webinar - QuickBooks Online for Newer Nonprofit Users - 2016-07-21TechSoup
Visit http://www.techsoup for donated technology for nonprofits and libraries!
Already using Intuit's QuickBooks Online, but still pretty new to your organization's setup? Join QuickBooks Made Easy CEO Gregg Bossen for a fast-paced, 90-minute lesson to improve.
http://www.quickbooksmadeeasy.com
The REST API is an awesome plugin to expose your data from the WordPress core. But … the standard implementation might not fit your specific case.
Just like the WordPress core, you'll be able to extend it to your specific needs. I'll show you how to handle authentication, introduce caching strategies, alter custom post types, or even change the default way of communication altogether.
Disputation: Von Open Access zu Open Science: Zum Wandel digitaler Kulturen d...Christian Heise
Präsentation der mündlichen Verteidigung der Doktorarbeit mit dem Titel: Von Open Access zu Open Science: Zum Wandel digitaler Kulturen der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation am Promotionskolleg "Wissenskulturen / Digitale Medien" der Leuphana Universität in Lüneburg.
You have a Makerspace; so what's next? Join Brian Pichman from the Evolve Project as he walks you through how to plan, market, and organize your programming events for your Makerspace. Brian will also share successful programming ideas regardless of library type. Allow your public library or school library to foster innovation and offer unique opportunities to encourage more patrons to interact, grow, and learn.
Topics/Agenda:
* Ways to Organize Your Space
* Marketing Tips and Tricks
* Planning for the Future
* Programming Ideas for your Makerspace
Desired Outcomes:
After attending the webinar, you will have new ideas for your Makerspace to draw more attendees, see positive outcomes, and educate your local community (whether a school or public library) to foster more innovation and collaboration.
At the request of Connekt, the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, EVO and LeanCargo Consultancy conducted research into deliveries in the Oude Pijp from April to August 2016. The City of Amsterdam and Amsterdam District South both collaborated in the project. The purpose of the research was to map the characteristics of the different delivery flows in the Oude Pijp, an area with more than 1,000 businesses and a high volume of loading and unloading traffic. What goods do businesses receive weekly? And who makes the deliveries, and how? These questions were central to the research.
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Orientation Lectures - Department of ECEhttps://www.kluniversity.in › ece
S.No. Date Research Group Delivered by
1 18‑Jul‑20 SPRG Dr. N. Siddaiah
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Faculty Orientation Workshop On SE (E&TC/Elex) Revised ...https://engg.kkwagh.edu.in › EC_FOW_report
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Orientation Program for Students of Second Year Electronics ...https://dbcegoa.ac.in › orientation-program-for-students...
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PEO1: Exhibit their innovative ideas and management skills to analyse, design, develop and implement electronic systems or equipment. PEO2: Apply knowledge in ...
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An Approach for Power Flow Analysis of Radial Distribution Networksresearchinventy
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Pwm Control Strategy for Controlling Of Parallel Rectifiers In Single Phase T...IJERA Editor
This paper explains that how to develop and design, control of single phase to three phase drive system. The
proposed topology of drive system consisting of two parallel connected rectifiers, inverter and induction motor,
connected through inductor and capacitor, where used to produce balanced output to the motor drive. The main
objective of this proposed method is to reduce the circulating currents and harmonic distortions at the converter
input side, here the control strategy of drive system is PWM (pulse width modulations techniques) control
strategy, the proposed topology also provides fault compensation in the case of short circuit faults and failure of
switches for uninterrupted Power supplies. We also develop and simulate the MATLAB models for proposed
drive system, by using MATLAB/ Simulink the output results simulate and observed.
Core industry experienced faculty to guide student projects.
Students participate in current research and sponsored projects.
Real time hands-on experience for students on sophisticated equipment and core area softwares.
Project based learning on the problems suggested by the industry.
Complete guidance to publish students work in reputed journals and magazines.
Students reach the societal problems and come out with innovative solutions.
Step by step guidance for student start-ups.
Financial support for students team to participate in national competitions.
Personal counsellor for every student.
Personalized training for core placements.
Student clubs for all-round personality development.
Open laboratories for students to work at anytime.
Exploring virtual laboratories from anywhere.
Core competitive exam trainings for interested students.
Complete support from the Professors for studies in abroad.
Continuous encouragement for extra curricular activities.
Timely opportunities for students to visit international universities.
Industry centric internships with good hands-on skilling.
Skill certifications in centres of excellence collaborated with NI instruments, CDAC, Tessolve semiconductor etc.
Mentors to guide students from industry and alumni.
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Graphics, Gaming & UX Design
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RADAR & Communications
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Why Join ECE in KLEF
Highlights
Established in 1983.
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Block diagram reduction techniques in control systems.pptNANDHAKUMARA10
Rule 1 − Check for the blocks connected in series and simplify.
Rule 2 − Check for the blocks connected in parallel and simplify.
Rule 3 − Check for the blocks connected in feedback loop and simplify.
Rule 4 − If there is difficulty with take-off point while simplifying, shift it towards right.
Rule 5 − If there is difficulty with summing point while simplifying, shift it towards left.
Rule 6 − Repeat the above steps till you get the simplified form, i.e., single block.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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Signal flow graph
1. GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
CONTROL ENGINEERING (2151908)
Active learning assignment
On
SIGNAL FLOW GRAPH
Prepared by:-
1). Sonani Manav 140120119223
2). Suthar Chandresh 140120119229
3). Tade Govind 140120119230
Guided by :-Asst. Prof. Kashyap Ramaiya
2. Outline
• Introduction to Signal Flow Graphs
Definitions
Terminologies
• Signal-Flow Graph Models
• BD to SFG
Example
• Mason’s Gain Formula
Example
6/09/2016 2
3. Introduction
3
• Definition:-
“ A signal flow graph is a graphical representation of the
relationship between variables of a set of linear algebraic
equation.”
• A signal-flow graph consists of a network in which nodes
are connected by directed branches.
• It depicts the flow of signals from one point of a system to
another and gives the relationships among the signals.
6/09/2016
4. Fundamentals of Signal Flow Graphs
• Consider a simple equation below and draw its signal flow graph:
• The signal flow graph of the equation is shown below;
• Every variable in a signal flow graph is designed by a Node.
• Every transmission function in a signal flow graph is designed by a
Branch.
• Branches are always unidirectional.
• The arrow in the branch denotes the direction of the signal flow.
axy
x ya
6/09/2016 4
5. Terminologies
• An input node or source contain only the outgoing branches. i.e., X1
• An output node or sink contain only the incoming branches. i.e., X4
• A path is a continuous, unidirectional succession of branches along which no
node is passed more than ones. i.e.,
• A forward path is a path from the input node to the output node. i.e.,
X1 to X2 to X3 to X4 , and X1 to X2 to X4 , are forward paths.
• A feedback path or feedback loop is a path which originates and terminates on
the same node. i.e.; X2 to X3 and back to X2 is a feedback path.
X1 to X2 to X3 to X4
X2 to X3 to X4X1 to X2 to X4
6/09/2016 5
6. Terminologies
• A self-loop is a feedback loop consisting of a single branch. i.e.; A33 is a self
loop.
• The gain of a branch is the transmission function of that branch.
• The path gain is the product of branch gains encountered in traversing a path.
i.e. the gain of forwards path X1 to X2 to X3 to X4 is A21A32A43
• The loop gain is the product of the branch gains of the loop. i.e., the loop gain
of the feedback loop from X2 to X3 and back to X2 is A32A23.
• Two loops, paths, or loop and a path are said to be non-touching if they have
no nodes in common.
6/09/2016 6
9. Construct the signal flow graph for the following set of
simultaneous equations.
• There are four variables in the equations (i.e., x1,x2,x3,and x4) therefore four nodes are
required to construct the signal flow graph.
• Arrange these four nodes from left to right and connect them with the associated
branches.
• Another way to arrange this
graph is shown in the figure.
13. Mason’s Rule (Mason, 1953)
• The block diagram reduction technique requires successive
application of fundamental relationships in order to arrive at the
system transfer function.
• On the other hand, Mason’s rule for reducing a signal-flow graph
to a single transfer function requires the application of one
formula.
• The formula was derived by S. J. Mason when he related the
signal-flow graph to the simultaneous equations that can be
written from the graph.
6/09/2016 13
14. Mason’s Rule:
• The transfer function T, of a system represented by a signal-flow graph is;
Where,
n = number of forward paths.
Pi = the i th forward-path gain.
∆ = Determinant of the system
∆i = Determinant of the ith forward path
• ∆ is called the signal flow graph determinant or characteristic function. Since
∆=0 is the system characteristic equation.
n
i
iiP
sR
sC
T 1
)(
)(
6/09/2016 14
15. Mason’s Rule:
∆ = 1- (sum of all individual loop transmittance) + (sum of the products of
loop transmittance of all possible pairs of Non Touching loops) – (sum of
the products of loop transmittance of Triple of Non Touching loop) + …
∆i = Calculate ∆ for ith path
=1- All the loops that do not touch the ith forward path
n
i
iiP
sR
sC
T 1
)(
)(
6/09/2016 15
16. Systematic approach
1. Calculate forward path gain Pi for each forward path i.
2. Calculate all loop transfer functions.
3. Consider non-touching loops 2 at a time.
4. Consider non-touching loops 3 at a time.
5. etc
6. Calculate Δ from steps 2,3,4 and 5
7. Calculate Δi as portion of Δ not touching forward path i
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17. 6/09/2016 17
Example 1:
Apply Mason’s Rule to calculate the transfer function of the system
represented by following Signal Flow Graph
18. Continued…..
• In this system there is only one forward path between the input R(s) and the
output C(s). The forward path gain is
• we see that there are three individual loops. The gains of these loops are
𝐿1 = 𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐻1
𝐿2 = −𝐺2 𝐺3 𝐻2
𝐿3 = −𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3
• Note that since all three loops have a common branch, there are no non-touching
loops. Hence, the determinant ∆ is given by
∆= 1 − (𝐿1+ 𝐿2 + 𝐿3)
= 1 − 𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐻1 +𝐺2 𝐺3 𝐻2 +𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3
• There is no any non touching loop so we get,
∆𝑙= 1
• Therefore, the overall gain between the input 𝑅 𝑠 and the output 𝐶𝑠 or the closed
loop transfer function, is given by
𝐶𝑠
𝑅 𝑠
=
𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3
1 − 𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐻1 +𝐺2 𝐺3 𝐻2 +𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3
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𝑃1 = 𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3
19.
2211
)(
)( PP
sR
sC
TTherefore,
24313242121411 HGGGLHGGGLHGGL ,,
There are three feedback loops
Example 2 :
Apply Mason’s Rule to calculate the transfer function of the system
represented by following Signal Flow Graph
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20. ∆ = 1- (sum of all individual loop gains)
There are no non-touching loops, therefore
3211 LLL
243124211411 HGGGHGGGHGG
Example2:
Apply Mason’s Rule to calculate the transfer function of the system
represented by following Signal Flow Graph
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21. ∆1 = 1- (sum of all individual loop gains)+...
Eliminate forward path-1
∆1 = 1
∆2 = 1- (sum of all individual loop gains)+...
Eliminate forward path-2
∆2 = 1
Example2 :
Apply Mason’s Rule to calculate the transfer function of the system
represented by following Signal Flow Graph
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