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Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes
- 1. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF WATER Prof.VaibhavD.Kamble B.E.Civil, M.E.(Civil- Environmental Engineering)
- 2. Distribution System Main Function-Carrying the water from the treatment plant to the individual homes
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- 5. Components of DistributionSystem 1) Pipe Lines of various sizes 2) Valves 3) Hydrants 4) Water Meters 5) Service Connections 6) Pumps 7) Distribution or Service Reservoirs
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- 9. Requirements of aGood Distribution System 1) Capable of Supplying water at a required pressure 2) Capable of supplying a required amount of water along with the fire demand 3) It should be economical 4) It should be simple & easy to operate 5) Safe against the future pollution of water 6) Safe against failure of pipe by bursting 7) It should be watertight
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- 11. The distributionpipes are generally laid below the road pavements In general there are four different types of Road Networks 1) Dead End System 2) Grid Iron System 3) Ring System 4) Radial System
- 12. 1) Dead EndSystem Also called as Tree System There are main supply pipe from which originates a number of sub main pipes(generally at right angles) Each submain are then divided into several branch pipes called as laterals From the laterals service connections are given to the individual homes
- 13. 1) Dead EndSystem
- 14. 1) Dead EndSystem
- 15. Advantages 1) The distributionnetwork can be solved easily 2) Lesser number of cut off valves are required 3) Shorter pipe lengths are required & Laying of pipe is easy 4) It is cheap and simple & can be expanded easily
- 16. Disadvantages 1) Water canreach a particular point only through one route 2) Large amount of Dead End in this system which prevents the free circulation of water 3) The discharge is reaching a point from only one direction
- 17. Application This typeof layout may have to be adopted for older towns which have already developed in an inadequate manner without properly planned roads
- 18. 2) Grid IronSystem Also known as Interlaced or Reticulation System Mains, Sub mains, Branches, Laterals all are interconnected with each other The principles of Grid iron system can be applied to Dead end system by closing the loops
- 19. 2) Grid IronSystem
- 20. 2) Grid IronSystem
- 21. Advantages 1) Water reachesat required places through more than one route 2) In case of repair very small area will not get the complete and continuous nature of water supply 3) Because of different inter connections the dead ends are completely eliminated 4) During fire more water can be diverted towards the affected point
- 22. Disadvantages 1) Requires morelength of pipe lines & a large number of cut off valves 2) Construction is costlier 3) The design is difficult and costlier
- 23. Application More suitable forwell planned towns or cities and has been used in chandigarh
- 24. 3) Ring System Sometimes called as Circular system A closed ring either circular or rectangular of the main pipes is formed around the areas to be served
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- 27. Application Very suitablefor the towns and cities having a well planned roads
- 28. 4) Radial System This system is adopted for the town or cities which is having a radial system of road networks Placing the distribution reservoirs at the centre
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- 32. The watermay be forced in the distribution system in the following three ways; 1) By Gravitational System 2) By pumping system 3) By combined gravity and pumping system
- 33. 1)Gravitational System This isthe Most Reliable and Economical Distribution System
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- 36. 2)Pumping System Such asystem – not desirable, Pumps to be run at variation in speed according to consumption
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- 39. 3)Combined Gravity andPumping Most common system – adopted in most of the cases
- 40. 3) Combined System3)CombinedGravity and Pumping
- 41. 3) Combined System 3)CombinedGravity and Pumping
- 42. Continuous System 1)Intermittent System 1) Consumers are not required to store the water and no danger of water pollution 2) Water is available for fire fighting in case of fire breaks 3) Smaller sizes of pipe are needed for distribution of water throughout the day in pipe 1) Consumers are forced to store the water for non- supply hours 2) In case of fire during non supply hours water may not be available 3) Large sizes of pipe are required as the daily demand is to be supplied in a small period Systems of Supply of Water
- 43. Continuous System 1)Intermittent System 1) Water is under constant circulation and hence remains fresh 2) Less number of valves and fittings are required 3) For carrying out repairs the supply is required to be stopped 1) During non supply periods pipes gets emptied and outside water may enter the pipe 2) Large number of valves and fittings are required 3) Repairs can be done during non supply hours Systems of Supply of Water
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- 45. Distribution Reservoirs Alsocalled as Service Reservoirs Storage reservoirs which stores the treated water for supplying water during emergencies ( such as during fires, break downs, repairs etc.) Also helps in absorbing the hourly fluctuations in demand
- 46. Main Functions 1) Theyabsorb the hourly variation in demand and allow the water treatment units and pumps to operate at a constant rate 2) They help in maintaining constant pressure in the distribution mains 3) The water stored in this reservoirs can be supplied during emergencies 4) They lead to an overall economy by reducing the sizes of pumps, pipe lines and treatment units
- 47. Types of DistributionReservoirs Made up of steel, R.C.C. or masonry Depending upon their elevation with respect to the ground they may be classified into following two types 1) Surface reservoirs 2) Elevated reservoirs
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- 53. Effect of Locationon Distribution Reservoir