Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.

1. WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING
(ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING I)
IMPORTANCE OF WATER
NEED FOR WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES
OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
ROLE OF AGENCIES

2. Importance of Water
i. Essential Element ( Air, Water, Food, Heat &
Light).
ii. Required by all Humans, Plant & Animals.
iii. 80% of Living Cells consists of water.
iv. 2/3 Human Body constitutes of water.
v. Humans use water for various activities
(Drinking, Cooking, Bathing , Watering
Plants etc.)
vi. Hence good Quality and Quantity of water
has to be supplied
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3. Development of Water Supplies
i. Earlier days – Rivers, Lakes, Springs &
Wells.
ii. Less Requirement the above sources were
deemed to be efficient.
iii. No Public Water Supply system.
iv. Increase in population lead to the increase in
water requirement.
v. Increase in water requirement gave rise to a
water supply system.
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4. Need for protected water Supplies
i. All water supplies must be free from all kinds of impurities.
ii. No risk should arise towards public health due to any kind of water contamination.
iii. Earliest method was securing water supplies from wells and springs(relatively clean).
iv. Surface waters from rivers and lakes remain undisturbed for sometime till all turbid suspensions
settled down and clean potable water was drawn from top surface.
v. Filtration- allowing water to pass through beds of sand whereby minute suspended particles and
dissolved solids are removed.
vi. Pre-treatment before Filtration – Coagulation.
vii. Cholera, Typhoid and Dysentery – Chlorination
viii. Modified Disinfection methods – Ozone, UV Rays and Excess lime.
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5. Objectives of Public Water Supply
System
The main objectives of any public water supply system are as follows:
1. To supply safe and wholesome water to the consumers.
2. To supply water in adequate quantity.
3. To make water available within easy reach of the consumers so as to encourage the general
cleanliness.
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6. Role of Agencies
i. Government, Community and the Sanitary/Health Engineers.
ii. Central and Sate Administration
iii. National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme – 1954(basic water supply).
iv. Larger Cities - Water Supply and Sewerage Boards.
v. Smaller Cities – Public Health Engineering Dept, Panchayat Raj, Community Development,
Rural Engineering Department and Public Works Department.
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7. Recommended Readings
i. Mark J. Hammer; Water and Waste Water Technology; Prentice Hall of India.
ii. S. K. Garg; Water Supply Engineering; Khanna Publ.
iii. B. C. Punmia, A. K. Jain; Water Supply Engineering; Laxmi Publication.
iv. G. S. Birdie; Water Supply Engineering and Sanitary Engineering; Dhanpat Rai.
v. R. C. Rangwala; Water Supply Engineering, Charotar Publ. House.
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