The document discusses direct and indirect potable water reclamation through case studies in Nagpur, India and Windhoek, Namibia. In Nagpur, a 130 MLD sewage treatment plant treats wastewater which is then supplied to a power plant. This project saves freshwater and generates revenue for the municipal corporation. In Windhoek, a water reclamation plant treats over 20,000 cubic meters of sewage per day to produce 21,000 cubic meters of drinking water per day, supplying over 300,000 inhabitants and accounting for 35% of the city's water supply. The multi-barrier treatment process and public education were keys to the success of direct potable reuse in Windhoek.

1. 1
Recycle & Reuse
of Water
Direct Vs Indirect
Reclamation
Case study
Dr Amit Mishra
CEO , TERRAN INDIA

2. Recycle and Reuse of Water :
• Water reuse (also commonly known as water recycling or water
reclamation) reclaims water from a variety of sources then treats
and reuses it for recreational purposes. such as agriculture and
irrigation, potable water supplies, groundwater replenishment,
industrial processes, and environmental restoration.
• Water reuse can provide alternatives to existing water supplies and
be used to enhance water security, sustainability, and resilience.
2

3. Per Capita Water availability :INDIA 3

4. Sewage Generation & treatment in India 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. Recycle &Reuse of Wastewater-
case study INDIA
7

8. Indirect Potable
Reclamation
Case Study: NAGPUR(INDIA)
Waste Water Generation
Wastewater Reuse & Recycle
Waste Water Treatment
8

9. RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WASTE WATER PROJECT IN NAGPUR

10. 1. About Nagpur
9.Project Benefits
2. Water Supply Sewage Generation
& Treatment at Nagpur
4. Recycled Water Potential in
Nagpur
3. Sewerage Network in NMC
Jurisdiction
8. Water Quality
5. RECYCLE & REUSE of
Wastewater PROJECT NAGPUR
12. Water Demand (Non-Potable)
Assessment for consumers
around Nagpur
10Water Reuse Plan For
Nagpur
CONTENTS
CEEUGID Administrative Staff College of India
10
9

11. About Nagpur
¬ History : 300 Years old.
¬ Location : Geographical Centre of India.
¬ Population: 25 million
¬ Area : 251 Sq. Km
¬ Political : Winter Capital of Maharashtra.
¬ Known for : Oranges
¬ Facilities : Education, Health Services.
¬ Tourist Place : Tiger Capitol of India
¬ Weather : Temp 80c to 480c(Summer).
¬ Rainfall- 1200 mm.
¬ Growth in Population: Reach 5.0 million in next 25
years.
(Data source: NMC)
10

12. 11

13. North Zone
Central Zone
South Zone
The city has been divided into 3
sewerage zones depending on the
topography.
o North Zone : North west &
East (Pili river)
o Central Zone : Central
Nagpur (Nag river)
o South Zone : South west.
(Pora river)
Map showing Sewerage Zones in NMC Jurisdiction
Sewerage Network in NMC jurisdiction
Data Source: NMC
12

14. North Zone (Proposed) 150 117 Mah. State Power
Generation Company
(MAHAGENCO)
130
Central Zone 200 142 Reuse in Nagpur City
Existing 100 Immediate 200
Mahagenco 130 Ultimate 30
Irrigation Project 70
South Zone 86 MIHAN (Cargo Hub) 50
Proposed 100
Total Capacity (Mld) 680 345 Total Demand 480
Recycled Water Potential in Nagpur
Data Source: NMC
14
13

15. RECYCLE AND REUSE Wastewater PROJECT
NAGPUR
Nagpur Municipal Corporation enacted a unique PPP model
encapsulated between NMC, MAHAGENCO & a Private operator and
commissioned a 130 MLD STP.
CEEUGID Administrative Staff College of India
14

16. ¬ 130 MLD STP is covering
12.5 Acres area in Bhandewadi,
designed on SBR technology
¬ TTW of 130 MLD supplied to
MAHAGENCO power plants
through 19.5 km pipeline.
¬ MAHAGENCO is Giving water
Revenue of 15 Cr/Annum to
NMC .
¬ The Triparty O&M contract for
the project is for 10 years from
January 2017.
¬ The CAPEX for the project is Rs
15/KL (at Tertiary treated water
rate).
130 MLD RECYCLE AND REUSE Wastewater PROJECT
NAGPUR
Data Source: NMC
15

17. Water Quality
Sr no. Parameters Unit
RAW
Sewage
SBR Inlet SBR Outlet TTP Outlet
1. Temperature
Degree
C
31
2 pH 7.12 7.27 7.49 7.45
3 Turbidity NTU 93.2 90.1 1.20 0.788
4 COD mg/l 252 240 24 16
5 BOD (3) mg/l 132 126 06 03
6
Total
phosphorus
mg/l 5.566 5.076 0.302 0.304
7 T SS mg/l 194 190 06 03
8 TKN mg/l 14.28 14.00 2.52 1.97
9 DO mg/l 0.17 3.22 7.0 7.2
10
Residual
Chlorine
mg/l - - 1.0 0.7
11 Total coliform
MPN /
100 ml
> 5800 > 5800 > 1800 < 1 Data Source: Plant IN Charge 130 MLD STP
CEEUGID Administrative Staff College of India
16

18. PROJECT BENEFITS:
• Saving of 110 MLD of freshwater,
sufficient to cater 0.8 million
population
• STP of 130 MLD will improve the
ecology and environment of water
bodies.
• Reliable and economical source of
water for power plants
• Additional revenue to NMC
• Saving in energy costs as an
alternative source need huge energy
for pumping.
• Opens the possibility of a swap of
existing freshwater consumption of
140 MLD in a power plant, sufficient
to meet 1.03 million population.
Data Source: NMC
17

19. NORTH ZONE STP
(PROPOSED)
100 MLD
SOUTH ZONE STP
(PROPOSED)
100 MLD
BHANDEWADI STP
100 +130 MLD
MINI STP PLANT
2-5 MLD
Water Reuse Plan For Nagpur
Data Source: NMC
CEEUGID Administrative Staff College of India
19
18

20. Nagpur Water
demand will reach
beyond
930
MLD by
2030
In Return will be
generating
690
MLD
Sewage
Hence, there is and will always be a huge opportunity and Potential for
Data Source: NMC
20
19

21. Sr no. Consumer Water demand
1
Ordinance Factory Ambazari 18.2 MLD
2
Hingana MIDC area 10 MLD
3
MIHAN Cargo Hub 40 MLD
4
Koradi & Khaparkheda TPS 110 MLD
5
NTPC Mouda 100 MLD
6 Irrigation Project (875Hec) 70 MLD
Total Water Demand = 348.2 MLD
Water demand (Non-Potable) assessment for consumers
around Nagpur
Data Source: NMC
21
20

22. Projected Year
North Sewerage Zone Central Sewerage Zone South Sewerage Zone
Total Sewage
Generation in Nagpur
City
(MLD)
Sewage (MLD) Sewage (MLD) Sewage (MLD)
2011 117.44 142.55 85.40 345.39
2026 185.39 189.50 135.63 510.52
2041 281.63 260.45 209.95 752.03
Sewage Generation & Treatment
In central sewerage zone (Nag river basin), 130 MLD of sewage is treated per day at
New STP Bhandewadi.
21

23. Zone …>
North Central South
Phase I
(2011 to 2026) 2 1 1
Phase II
(2026 to 2041)
1 1 1
Total (7) 3 2 2
Proposed STP in Sewerage Zones
• NMC has intention to treat 100% of the sewage generated for a pollution load of the year
2041.
• Zone wise proposed STP’s are as below.
22

24. Direct Potable
Reclamation
Case Study: Windhoek Goreangrab
Reclamation Plant (Namibia)
Waste Water Generation
Wastewater Reuse & Recycle
Waste Water Treatment
23

25. 24

26. Contents
1 City Profile: Windhoek 2
4
WINGOC
Consortium
Page
Water Quality
Page
6
Page
Project Outcome
7-8
Waste Water
Reclamation Project
3
Namibia's capital, Windhoek, is nestled at the intersection of
two deserts: the Kalahari and Namib. Precipitation is as
scarce as surface water resources. To overcome this climatic
difficulty, Windhoek has been transforming wastewater into
potable water for 50 years and it works! Since
2002, a new factory has been providing 35% of the
drinking water for nearly 400,000 inhabitants.
(https://www.afrik21.africa/en/windhoek-trapped-between-deserts-city-transforms-
wastewater-into-drinkable-water/ Drivers for Project
Project Key elements
Showcasing Project
Success
9 10
5
Page
Page Page
Lessons Learned
Page Page Page
12 Thank You
Page
25

27. ❖ Windhoek : Total area 8,25,615 km2 (318,772 sq mi)
❖ Water (%) : Negligible
– Municipal Area: 5142 km²
– Service Area: 105 km²
– Elevation: 1700 m
– Rainfall: 350 mm/annum
– Nearest perennial water source is over 750 km away
– Potential evapotranspiration is 3,400 mm
–
City profile :Windhoek 26

28. 01 02 03 04
Water Crisis in
1957
Rise in Population
Growth
Significant
decline in Annual
Rainfall
Drivers for Goreangrab Water Reclamation Project
Increased
Evapotranspiration
27

29. Goreangrab Wastewater
Reclamation Project : Windhoek
Reuse of Treated Water Started : 1954
❖ Constructed Goreangrab Dam
(4.3Mld): 1959
– Sec. sewage+ Dam Water,
= Water Supply (2 Train Operation)
❖ City of Windhoek Started drinking
Reclaimed Sewage Water on 24th
Nov 1968 :Plant Capacity (21 MLD)
❖ Plant augmented with 4x capacity in
1992 i.e. from 27,000 m3 to 41,000
m3.
❖ 26 % of Windhoek’s drinking water
comes from the Goreangab plant.
28
29

30. 29
❖ Multi barrier approach to ensure safe &aesthetically acceptable potable water.
❖ Guaranteed water Quality values
❖ 20 years O&M
❖ Public awareness campaign for water saving &acceptability of DPR
Project financial KFW
(Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau )
❖ &European Investment bank (40 & 55%) respectively & city of Windhoek(5%)
Project Key Elements:
❖ The major wastewater use in Windhoek is direct reclamation to portable standards, with
about 30% of reclaimed water blended with raw water and supplied to the city.
❖ The industrial wastewater for Windhoek is treated in anaerobic and aerobic ponds and is
released into the environment. The wastewater from Walvisbay also goes through the
primary, secondary and tertiary treatment processes.
❖ There is horticultural production on about 1,5 ha of land irrigated by semi-purified
wastewater effluent in Windhoek.

31. New Plant 2002 : WINGOC
Consortium
(Windhoek Goreangab Operating Company )
1. Veolia Water 67%
2. Berlin water International
(knowledge partner)
3. & VA tech VABAG 33%
Since 2008 Sole supply of Raw water to
Windhoek is Sewage.
“Multi-barrier” technology
The drinking water produced by the Goreangab
facility is constantly subject to quality controls,
not only to ensure the safety of the sources
but also to win the public’s trust. “Samples are
analyzed in the laboratory every thirty
minutes,”
(Ludwig Narib, Strategic Executive for Infrastructure, Water
and Technical Services for the city of Windhoek.)
30

32. Step1
Membrane+
Ozone (Clarifier
Replaced
by MBR )
Item 2
Step 2
Advanced
Oxidation &
Biological
Adsorption
additional
safety barriers
in treatment.
Step 3 Step 4
Ultra Filtration &
Advanced
Cl (O3) Treatment
Water Quality from Reclaimed water to Potable water
Biological
Activated
carbon, Granular
Activated
Carbon,
Dissolved
Organic Carbon
,& Reverse
Osmosis
31

33. Project Outcome:
300,000
Inhabitants provided
Clean water to Drink
21,000m3/day
Potable Water
Produced
More than
20,000 m3
Of Sewage is treated per day
32

34. Project Outcome : 33
Availability of
Additional water
75,00000
m3/hr
at same cost to
other sources.
Availability
of Reclaimed
water from
the Old plant for
irrigation, parks,
Sports , fields etc.
Deferment of
Expensive
Infrastructure to
Transport water
from alternative
sources at a
distance of 750 Km
Reinforcement of
High levels of water
demand
/management &
conservation practice
Impact of returned
downstream flows
on the basin is
minimal as water
demand in minimal

35. Showcasing Project success 34
Year 2018 :
50th anniversary of
Windhoek’s wastewater
recycling facility
Windhoek’s Mayor Agnes Kafula holding the Reclaimed water bottle treated
from Windhoek Goreangrab Operating Company (WINGOC) in IWA conference
was held on 27-31 October 2013 at Windhoek.

36. Lessons Learned
35
Reasons for
Success
❖Strong leadership
❖Political support
❖Sufficient Funding
❖Buy in from the Public
Technical and Operational
• Water Quality
• Reverse flow
• Disinfection
• Bottle necks and over pressure

37. References:
• Direct potable reclamation in Windhoek: a critical review of the design philosophy of new Goreangab drinking water
reclamation plant P. du Pisani and J. G. Menge.
• Project Report Global Potable Reuse Case Study 4: Windhoek, Namibia A report of a study funded by the Australian Water
Recycling Centre of Excellence University of New South Wales, November, 2014
• Direct potable reuse – a feasible water management optionJ. Lahnsteiner, P. van Rensburg and J. Esterhuizen Journal of
Water Reuse and Desalination 8.1 /2018.
• Wastewater Production, Treatment and Use in Namibia L.G Moyo Polytechnic of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia,
libertiemoyo@yahoo.com
• https://www.planet.veolia.com/en/wastewater-recycling-drinking-water-windhoek-Namibia.
• https://www.afrik21.africa/en/windhoek-trapped-between-deserts-city-transforms-wastewater-into-drinkable-water/
• Municipal Wastewater reclamation to meet potable water demand Windhoek, Namibia
• www.wingoc.com.na
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t15FsW-ZI-c
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ksqtUtljI0
36

38. •Nagpur Municipal Corporation
•GSJ Envo Ltd & SMS Envocare Limited Nagpur
•2. The world's foremost international economic forum
•3. World Water Development Report, published in 2009
•4. http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/water-
scarcity-now-bigger-threat-than-financial-crisis-1645358.html
References: 36A

39. Thank you
Dr Amit Mishra INDIA
+91-9765552606
ceo@terranindia.org
• Worldwide till date, this solution
Direct potable Reuse (DPR) has
only been deployed in
• Windhoek,
Whereas Indirect Potable Reuse
(IPR) in
• Singapore
• And California’s Orange County
(United States).
39
37