Introduction to agricultural value chains and supply chain managementILRI
Presented by Karl M. Rich at the Training program for “Methods for livestock value chain analysis: Qualitative and quantitative methods”, ILRI, Nairobi, 1 July 2013
Introduction to agricultural value chains and supply chain managementILRI
Presented by Karl M. Rich at the Training program for “Methods for livestock value chain analysis: Qualitative and quantitative methods”, ILRI, Nairobi, 1 July 2013
Marketing is the fruit of success in any form of business. Agricultural Marketing is the process of supplying farm inputs to the farmers and the movement of agricultural products from the producer to its ultimate consumer which involves various functions such as buying, selling, packaging, transportation, grading and standardization, storage, processing etc. during this process, there is a chance for some risks and uncertainties to take place. Uncertainty is the unknown factor which causes sudden loss that cannot be predicted and managed where risk is the part of uncertainty which is a known factor that means stepping into a process or technique even-though by knowing that there is a probability of loss. Agricultural marketing experiences three types of risks namely the Physical risk, Price risk and the Institutional risk. The physical risk is the loss in the quantity and quality of the product during storage and transport like fire accident; rodents, pest and disease attack and due to improper packing. The price risk includes the fluctuation in the price of the agricultural marketing; changes in the demand and supply of the product. The institutional risk arises due to the change in the government budget policy; due to the change in the import and export policy. The physical risk can be managed by using fire proof materials in the storage structures, by proper packing and by giving pre-storage treatments. The price risk can be minimized by following contract farming, forward and future market, speculation and hedging. The farmer or trader must have thorough knowledge in the management of risk and should adopt the suitable methods in order to get better outcome in the agricultural marketing.
For undergraduate agricultural students of the course ‘Ag. Econ. 6.4 Farm Management, Production, and Resource Economics (2+1)’ of Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat and other State Agricultural Universities in India.
The detail classification of credit in agriculture and need of credit in agriculture to Indian farmers.
ECON-242 Agriculture finance and co-operation.
By, Miss. Raksha Anil Hingankar.
SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot.
The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.).
Marketing is the fruit of success in any form of business. Agricultural Marketing is the process of supplying farm inputs to the farmers and the movement of agricultural products from the producer to its ultimate consumer which involves various functions such as buying, selling, packaging, transportation, grading and standardization, storage, processing etc. during this process, there is a chance for some risks and uncertainties to take place. Uncertainty is the unknown factor which causes sudden loss that cannot be predicted and managed where risk is the part of uncertainty which is a known factor that means stepping into a process or technique even-though by knowing that there is a probability of loss. Agricultural marketing experiences three types of risks namely the Physical risk, Price risk and the Institutional risk. The physical risk is the loss in the quantity and quality of the product during storage and transport like fire accident; rodents, pest and disease attack and due to improper packing. The price risk includes the fluctuation in the price of the agricultural marketing; changes in the demand and supply of the product. The institutional risk arises due to the change in the government budget policy; due to the change in the import and export policy. The physical risk can be managed by using fire proof materials in the storage structures, by proper packing and by giving pre-storage treatments. The price risk can be minimized by following contract farming, forward and future market, speculation and hedging. The farmer or trader must have thorough knowledge in the management of risk and should adopt the suitable methods in order to get better outcome in the agricultural marketing.
For undergraduate agricultural students of the course ‘Ag. Econ. 6.4 Farm Management, Production, and Resource Economics (2+1)’ of Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat and other State Agricultural Universities in India.
The detail classification of credit in agriculture and need of credit in agriculture to Indian farmers.
ECON-242 Agriculture finance and co-operation.
By, Miss. Raksha Anil Hingankar.
SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot.
The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.).
US yields are increasing by over 2 bu/acre/year due to genetic and agronomic improvements. Here are management practices used by NCGA national contest winners, many of which can be applied to all corn production fields.
Lecture/demonstration sponsored by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) during the 22nd International Agribusiness Exhibition and Seminars on October 15, 2015 held at the World Trade Center, Pasay City
“PHILMECH Compact Cornmill“
By: Dr. Romualdo Martinez, Dr. Michael Gragasin, and Engr. Jayvee Illustrisimo of Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PhilMec)
Marketing Strategy c.s sasko by sheena indhulSheena Indhul
This Marketing Strategy was based on a Sasko Case Study. The strategy contains fundamentals in applied marketing strategy. Looking at the situational analysis (macro,market,micro enviroment),SWOT,KSF,ojectives,future strategy,action plan,budget and controls. You find very little information on social media communications as the plan starts in 2002 and ends in 2006. I had slipped in a sample on the social media section but this is a draft concept for a reason as many apps such as facebook were developed later. There is also a timeline and a sample watermark across, this was to show situational analysis in presentation form.
Post Harvest Solutions for Cambodia's Rice FarmersEric Stryson
The Cambodian economy is heavily dependent on rice farming, which accounts for nearly 1/3 of its total agricultural production and utilises 80 percent of cultivated land. In 2012, only 200,000 tons of paddy, out of 9.3 million tons produced, were officially exported.
Cambodian rice was awarded Best Rice of the Year in 2012 and 2013 at the Rice Trader World Rice Conference. There is high potential for surplus paddy to be processed into quality milled rice for export which would increase the value of harvests to farmers and to contribute to the government’s target: to increase rice exports to 1 million tons by 2015.
The current fragmented rice value chain encourages informal exports of unprocessed paddy to Vietnam and Thailand and a loss of value for the economy. Traditional methods of drying and storage prevent farmers from selling their produce at a higher price during the off season when most millers have 30-40 percent idle capacity. A more consistent supply of quality paddy is needed throughout the year.
To address these issues, 25 executives from BASF and from 17 nationalities travelled to Phnom Penh and Battambang to explore the opportunities to strengthen the post-harvest value chain in the rice sector in Cambodia. After meeting key stakeholders, a compelling new social business was proposed to provide farming communities with professional post-harvest services, quality agricultural inputs and training.
This offers an attractive and timely opportunity for investors with an interest in agriculture and wishing to support financially viable businesses with far-reaching social impacts. The new business is projected to yield an attractive return on investment and benefit farming communities and the Cambodian economy.
Lecture/demonstration sponsored by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) during the 22nd International Agribusiness Exhibition and Seminars on October 15, 2015 held at the World Trade Center, Pasay City
“The Potential of Corn Cobs as Source of Fertilizer for White Corn Production “
By: Apolonio M. Ocampo, Institute of Plant Breeding-Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
VERY ATTRACTIVE PRESENTATION CONTAINING THE FOLLOWING SLIDES: Agriculture, Crops, , Agricultural practices, Irrigation, Water logging, Weeding, Storage, Mixed Cultivation and Crop Rotation, NItrogen Fixation, Nitrogen Cycle, Animal Husbandary and many more
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
ABC Perspective: ‘Access to safe and nutritious food for all’agbiz
Dr John Purchase presented at the Consumer Rights Conference. He addressed the following topics:
Global Food System and Value Chains;
Food Chain and Network Development;
How do we capture value?;
Role of Government and the Case for International Investment.
Evaluation of Vibrio control with a multi-species probiotic in shrimp aquacul...International Aquafeed
In the economically important panaeid shrimp, members of the microorganism genus Vibrio have become a major constraint on production and trade during the past two decades. They are responsible for several diseases and mortalities of up to 100 percent, causing global losses of around US$3 billion. Shrimp disease prevention and control are now priority research topics. In this article Elisabeth Mayer reports on in vivo trials using AquaStar® as a probiotic feed additive in P. vannamei.
Eddie Allison (WorldFish) Low carbon animal protein? Life-cycle analysis of smallholder aquaculture value-chain (presentation from Mitigation session at CCAFS Science Workshop, December 2010)
Transforming Maize-legume Value Chains –A Business Case for Climate-Smart Ag...CIMMYT
CIMMYT Senior Cropping Systems Agronomist Christian Thierfelder presented on climate-smart agriculture in southern Africa in a webinar titled Climate Resilient Agriculture Success Stories – Making a Case for Scale Up.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
S7.4 MAIZE VALUE/SUPPLY CHAIN AND POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. MAIZE VALUE/SUPPLY CHAIN AND POST
HARVEST MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
Artemio M. Salazar, IPB, UPLBCA
11th ARMW, Nanning, China November 6-11, 2011
• From the Perspective of a Biologist, not an
economist.
• Will dwell more on the process than economic
parameters (supply vs value)
• Clearer understanding of Philippine maize
industry could only be made if we separate the
yellow from the white – the flint type.
3. Agrikulturang Pinoy or Agri-Pinoy
Set of principles and practices focused on developing Philippine resources
and capabilities to meet Philippine needs
Four guiding principles of Agri-Pinoy:
o Food Security and Self-sufficiency
o The “Farm” represents interventions in production; from soil
- Sustainable agriculture and fisheries
and water management, extension, seeds and fertilizers, post-
o Natural resource management
o Local development and marketing etc.
harvest processing, credit
- The “Table” represents the DA’s intervention to ensure food
Key elements of Agri-Pinoy: the consumers
security, safety and quality for
o Broad-based
o Partnership
o Farm to Table
o Sustainable Farming Systems
o Resiliency
4. SCHEMATIC SUPPLY CHAIN
SEED SUPPLIERS ABATTOIR RESTAURANT
Supply Chain Definitions
BREEDERS
RESEARCHERS
CANNERY HOTELS
MILL SUPERMARKETS
PROPAGATORS ETC ETC
DEALERS
The network of organizations that are involved, through upstream and
Agribusiness linkages, in the different processes and activities that produce
downstream
value in the form of products and services in the hands of the ultimate
consumer. total of all operations involved in the manufacture and distribution
The sum
INPUT
of farm supplies;GROWERS
SUPPLIERS
PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS RETAILERS CONSUMERS
production activities in the farm; and the storage, processing,
and distributionof connected and interdependent organizations mutually and
A network of farm commodities and items derived from them
co-operatively working together to control, manage and improve the flow of
materials and information from suppliers to end-users.
WHOLESALER YOU
FARMER
IMPORTER YOUR FAMILY
GROWER
EXPORTER FRIENDS
FISHERS
TRANSPORT &
PASTORALIST
PROVIDERS ME
5. YELLOW MAIZE SUPPLY CHAIN
SEEDS POST HARVEST
FERTILIZERS FACILITY PRODUCTION FARMS
MECHANIZATION
INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
WHOLESALER
IMPORTER DIRECT AND
FARMER EXPORTER ULTIMATE-
TRANSPORT
PROVIDERS
6. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
• Let us start with the end part of the chain as
this will largely determine the early parts of
the chain
• Yellow maize is mainly for feeds
7. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
Feed Yellow
Wheat Corn
National requirement of yellow corn for meat outstrips local production
necessitating importation, mainly feed wheat
8. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The ADDRESSING THE LOGISTICS CONCERN
Logistics
Concern
Excess corn production from Mindanao and Cagayan Valley used to be shipped to
greatest concentration of feedmills in Luzon & Visayas. The government had instead
intensified production in Luzon due to high transport cost from Mindanao
9. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The Future:
• The demand for meat and consequently, yellow maize, will
intensify.
• Uncertainty of supply of yellow maize in the world market
due to the use of the grain for ethanol by the world’s
biggest maize supplier, USA
• The supply and price of feedwheat could not be relied
upon because of the climate change (East Europe and
Australia)
• The regional trade association where Philippines is
member of would bring down tariff barriers to traded
goods as early as 2015. The entry of cheap meat from the
outside would significantly depress the local livestock and
yellow maize industries.
10. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The Future:
• There is a pressing need to be self sufficient for
this grain!
11. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The Critical Post Harvest Phase
Philippines receives on average 2,061 mm (81.1 in) of precipitation annually
with most of it from June to October
12. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
Number of Tropical Cyclones by Category in the Philippine Area of
Responsibility, 948 to 2007 Source: PAGASAwww.typhoon2000.com
The harvest of the main cropping season is
almost always wet.
13. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
AVERAGE MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION OF YELLOW CORN, CY 2001-2003 vs
AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL FOR THE LAST THIRTY YEARS
550 350
500
300
450
Ave. Rainfall (mm)
Production ('000 mt)
400 250
350
200
300
250
150
200
150 100
100
50
50
0 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
M onths
Rainfall Production
Post harvest is a serious concern during the wet season
14. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
• The high amount of rainfall during the wet season
(May-August) has serious implication to corn quality.
Aflatoxin contamination is common in those areas
with no mechanical dryer. Usually, price of maize goes
down at harvest time during this season.
• The issue of Philippine maize industry is an issue of
grain quality.
• Multi-purpose drying pavements for solar drying have
been provided but they are not enough when harvest
is plenty and rainy period is extended. Big mechanical
dryers are very expensive. One encouraging
development is the investment of the private sector
in this matter.
15. These are found in Bukidnon- the
biggest maize producing province
in Mindanao. Maize in cobs are
bought from the farmers. The
facility takes care of the drying and
shelling. These guys then sell to
the big feedmillers or use them
themselves.
16. A bigger one was established in Isabela – the biggest maize producing
province in Luzon. This is accordingly the biggest post harvest facility
in Southeast Asia. Capacity is 200K tons cobs with 60,000 ton capacity
silos. Two more will be established by the company.
17. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
• The effect of such facility was felt at once
during wet season harvest in Isabela. Instead
of going down, the price of maize went up by
30%. There was a 4-km line of trucks waiting
for their corn harvest to be processed.
• The government is doing its part in providing
smaller and therefore less expensive post
harvest facility to small farmer cooperatives
18. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The Future ?
• This is one area where the country is making
headway. It started with just one company.
Two more are coming in and hopefully more
will participate.
• Expanding processing and storage capacity for
at least one season of harvest will stabilize the
supply and price of yellow maize in the country
19. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The Production Phase
• Average yield is 3.63 tons/ha (official data) planted in 1.16 M
has. Operational figure is 5 tons/ha to be profitable. About
90% of the area is planted to hybrids. The three big
multinationals are here-Pioneer, Monsanto and Syngenta.
Bioseeds is also getting strong . There are also some locals
• The percentage planted to GMOs - Bt and RR, marketed by
the multinationals, is expanding.
• There is not much concern about GMOs as we are not
exporting corn nor meat
• There is an on-going Site Specific Nutrient Management
Program by the Dept of Agriculture in collaboration with IPNI
• Planting and harvesting are basically manual
20. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The Production Phase
Challenges:
• Drought tolerance because 95% is rainfed. Freak drought
occurs even during the wet season especially in Luzon
• Abiotic stresses like water logging especially during early dry
season cropping, acidity due to nature of the soil (like in
Bukidnon and portions also of Cagayan Valley)
• Disease resistance because most of the areas are continuously
planted to corn. Condition is generally warm and humid. Need
for close monitoring of disease, insect and rodent outbreaks
• Financing
21. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The Future?
• More gains in yield and stability are expected with strong
participation of the different seed companies especially the
multinationals
• Stability traits would cover biotic and abiotic stresses
• As in the past, the public sector R&D has not been competing
with the private sector. It keeps updated however in latest
technologies as support to capability building of locals
employed in the different seed companies.
22. WHITE MAIZE SUPPLY CHAIN
SEEDS POST HARVEST
FERTILIZERS FACILITY
MECHANIZATION
INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
WHOLESALER
IMPORTER
DIRECT
FARMER EXPORTER
TRANSPORT
PROVIDERS
23. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
• White maize, the flint/denty type, is mainly for food.
• Most of the white corn produced by the marginal
corn farmers are consumed at the household level.
• Some quantity is shipped for food purposes in
identified corn eating areas like Cebu. White maize
there comes from Mindanao, mainly Bukidnon.
• White maize for food is mostly in the South.
• We have been self sufficient in white maize
24. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
• White maize, the flint/denty type, is mainly for food.
• The yield of white maize is 1.16 tons/ha planted in
1.34 M has.
• Most of the white corn produced by the marginal
corn farmers are consumed at the household level.
• Some quantity is shipped for food purposes in
identified corn eating areas like Cebu. White maize
there comes from Mindanao, mainly Bukidnon.
• White maize for food is mostly in the South.
• We have been self sufficient in white maize
26. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
• There are very few seed companies working on white maize
hybrid basically because of lack of market. White corn farmers
are usually poor
• Seeds are of the open-pollinated type either native varieties or
open-pollinated cultivars. The farmers , marginal at that, could
not afford to buy hybrid seeds or fertilizers. Various sorts of
biotic and abiotic stresses including low level of inputs.
• Native varieties are mostly early maturing, low yielding,
tolerant to stresses but of good (eating) quality. The public
sector R&D is working more on this.
27. INPUT TRADERS/ BIG TRADERS
FARMERS CONSUMERS
SUPPLIERS PROCESSORS DISTRIBUTORS
The Future
• There is a sizable rural population in the uplands dependent
on maize
• To improve their status, market should be developed to
enhance their productivity
• The government is now considering white corn as part of its
food security plan thru food diversity approach. Rice
importation is only 10% of national requirement which can be
readily provided by white maize. The government is launching
the Corn for Health program based on white QPM. It has
promotional, production and quality assurance components.
• The plan is to provide the different regions with foundation
seeds. They will then produce the registered seeds for
distribution to the provinces and municipalities and finally to
the farmers.
28. Summary
• Developments in the yellow maize industry
point towards positive growth with greater
private sector participation
• There is far greater challenge in white maize.
The more farmers there need more help.