presentation about rubella virus associated to pediatrics.

1. RUBELLA VIRUS
• ClassificationSpecies : Rubella virus
• Only one immunologically distinct serotype has been
described.
–Family : Togaviridae
–Genus : Rubivirus

2. EPIDEMIOLOGY

3. TRANSMISSION
• Human beings appear to be
the only natural host for the
rubella virus.
• The mode of transmission for
acquired cases is respiratory.
• Prolonged exposure to an
infected person is required, with a
single, brief exposure to an
infected person appearing to be
relatively inefficient in
transmitting disease.

4. PATHOGENESIS
• Human beings appear
to be the only natural
host for the rubella virus.
• The mode of
transmission for acquired
cases is respiratory.
• Prolonged exposure
to an infected person is
required, with a single,
brief exposure to an
infected person
appearing to be relatively
inefficient in transmitting
disease.

5. PATHOGENESIS
RUBELLA INFECTION INCUBATION PERIOD
 • Approximately 7 to 9 days after exposure, the
virus disseminates by the hematogenous route and
may infect multiple tissues, including the
placenta.
 • The peak of viremia occurs between 10 and 17
days after exposure, and this is followed by the
onset of rash on postexposure days 16 to 18.
 • The virus is cleared from the serum a few days
later, as neutralizing antibody titers rise, which
become first detectable usually 2 to 3 days after
rash onset and peak within a month of exposure.

6. 16-18 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE
onset of rash

7. CLINICAL FEATURES
ACQUIRED INFECTION
 • The incubation period for the virus infection is
usually 16 to 18 days, but it can be 14 to 21 days.
 • For children, the first symptom is typically the
rash.
 • In adults, the rash is preceded by 1 to 5 days of
prodromal symptoms, such as low-grade fever,
headache, malaise, anorexia, mild conjunctivitis,
coryza, pharyngitis, cough, and lymphadenopathy
(suboccipital, postauricular, and/or cervical nodes).
 • The rash is morbilliform, but with more
coalescence than is seen with rubeola, and typically
begins on the face and behind the ears, spreading
downward during the next 1 or 2 days.
 • Peeling of affected skin usually does not occur.
 • The tip of the spleen is often palpable, and a
transient hepatitis can occur.
CONGENITAL INFECTION
 CRS was described as a collection
of defects, including cardiac, eye,
and hearing abnormalities, with or
without mental retardation and
microcephaly.

8. MILD CONJUCTIVITIES

9. ANOREXIA

10. CORYZA (Inflammation and irritation of the mucous membrane of
the nose. This causes stuffy nose and sneezing)

11. COMPLICATIONS
ATHRALGIAS
Discomfort, pain or inflammation arising from
any part of a joint including cartilage, bone,
ligaments, tendons or muscles.

12. ATHRITIS
A condition with swelling and tenderness of
one or more joints. The common symptom
includes pain and stiffness in joints.

13. THROMBOCYTOPENIA
A condition where abnormally low level of
platelets are observed. It causes nosebleeds,
bleeding gums, blood in urine, heavy menstrual
periods, and bruising.

14. MYOCARDITIS
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

15. RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare, generalized autoimmune disorder
that is characterized by recurrent inflammation of various cartilaginous
structures. Involvement of the central nervous system is rarely observed in
RP. Here we report a case of encephalitis associated with RP.

16. Guillain-Barr syndrome
A disorder of the immune system where
the nerves are attacked by immune cells
that causes weakness and tingling in arms
and legs.

17. OPTIC NEURITIS
Inflammation of the optic nerve, which
carries visual information from eye to brain.
The inflammation usually causes temporary
vision loss

18. Bone marrow aplasia
A rare disease condition in which the bone
marrow does not produce adequate number
of new blood cells. This causes tiredness,
shortness of breath, rapid heart rate,
nexplained bruising, nose bleeds, headache
and fever.

19. • Acute postrubella encephalitis
An inflammation of the brain usually
caused due to infection that causes flu
like symptoms like headache or fever.

20. DIAGNOSIS
 ELISA TEST

21. • The present standard technique for the serologic
diagnosis of rubella infection is the ELISA.
• Rubella IgM antibody can be detected by ELISA
from early after the onset of illness through the peak
at 7 to 10 days and for up to 4 weeks after the
appearance of rash.

23. TREATMENT
 MEDICATIONS
 Analgesics: To relieve pain
 PARACETAMOL (acetaminophen)
 OPIOID DRUGS –codeine,tramadol,propoxyphene
Antipyretics: To bring down fever.
Aspirin, and related salicylates such as magnesium salicylate, choline salicylate, and
sodium salicylate
Nabumetone
NSAIDs like as naproxen, ibuprofen, nimesulide & ketoprofen,
Phenazone (antipyrine)
Docosanol etc.

24. TREATMENT
 NUTRITION
 Foods to eat:
 Antioxidant rich foods like fruits, and vegetables
 Lean meats, cold-water fish, soy or beans for protein
 Foods to avoid:
 Refined foods, such as white breads
 Red meats

25. VACCINATION

26. By Marini
Angela
Group 18
4th year