The document discusses robots used in car manufacturing. It describes the basic components of robots - a physical structure, motors, sensors, power supply, and computer brain. Robots in car factories use robotic arms equipped with different end effectors like cameras, welders, grippers, and tools to perform tasks like painting, drilling, assembly, and quality inspection. The robots are programmed by demonstrating the tasks to collect sensor data and repeat the motions. Using robots provides benefits like accuracy, lower costs, consistency, and continuous operation compared to human workers.

1. Watch the Dancing robots http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_0I4nr4u3A

2. Computer controlled robots By the end of this presentation you should be able to answer the following questions: How do robots work? How are robots used in car manufacturing? What are the advantages of using robots rather than humans?

3. Task: What is a human made of? A body structure A muscle system to move the body structure A sensory system that receives information about the body and the surrounding environment A power source to activate the muscles and sensors A brain system that processes sensory information and tells the muscles what to do

4. Robot components: A movable physical structure An electric motor Sensors A power supply A computer "brain" that controls all of these elements. Robots are machines that replicate human and animal behavior.

5. Robots in a car factory Are ROBOT ARMS and not complete robots BUT it will still have: A movable physical structure An actuator in the form of an electric motor A sensor system A power supply A computer "brain" that controls all of these elements.

6. How are the robots controlled? By an Actuator: In the form of an electric motors. These are responsible for almost every mechanical movement that you see around you and is caused by an AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current) electric motor. Car robots – use a DC electric motor which spins quickly or a stepper motor which moves in minute steps and is easier to control by computer The robot uses motion sensors to make sure it moves just the right amount and pressure sensors to make sure that car parts are put together tightly enough. By a Computer: These control the movement of the arm Depending on the end effector, the arm will move in a different way to carry out each job

7. Task: What jobs does a car robot carry out? Painting Drilling Tightening screws/bolts Pick objects up and place elsewhere Weld objects together Check the work is complete

8. Types of End effectors The arm can have the following end effectors attached to carry out different jobs: Cameras – to inspect work Welding guns – to weld car parts together Grippers – To pick up parts ( motion sensors are used to monitor the robots moves the correct amount and pressure sensors are used to work out how hard/soft to grip an object) and place elsewhere e.g. engine/ body part Vacuum cups – to pick up objects without obstruction e.g. glass windscreen/windows Drills – to make holes Screwdrivers/spanners – to tighten screws/bolts ( pressure sensors are used to check they are tighten) Spray guns – to paint the car Polishers/finishers/sanders – to give the car a shiny finish Watch the car robots in action on the OLC>Unit 2>Control

9. How to program a robot arm? The programmer will guide the arm through each step physically or by using a remote control. Sensors are attached to the arms and these collect the data about each step and transmit it back to the computer The computer will store the sequence of steps/movements as a program and this can then be repeated over and over….

10. What are the advantages of using robots in car manufacture? A robotic arm has greater accuracy than a human Running costs are lower compared to paying a salary Robotic arms do not get tired, so work is of a consistent standard Robotic arms do not need a break, so work is continuous

11. Vocabulary Actuator: a mechanism that puts something into automatic action Automation: Made automatic; Done by machine. Employing machines to do the work of people

12. Example exam questions Describe the steps taken to programme a robot arm Name 4 end effectors used in a car factory and describe what they are used for How are sensors used in an end effector? What are the advantages of using a robot in a car factory?

13. Control system Exam question A computer company uses robots in their assembly line however because there could be a danger of the robots overheating the company wants to introduce a computerised air conditioning system. Describe how this system would work. Marks 3

14. Answer Sensors are needed to monitor temperature (continuously) Microprocessor compares the temperature with a preset value/range Depending on result microprocessor causes the fan motor to speed up or slow down/fan motor switched on or off