This document provides an overview of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. It discusses how RFID works using RF waves to identify and track tagged items. The key components of an RFID system are RFID tags, a reader, and a data processing subsystem. RFID offers advantages like contactless identification and supply chain management applications. However, concerns include cost and potential privacy issues if tags are tracked without consent. The document also compares RFID to barcodes and outlines future applications in areas like medical supplies and smart homes.

1. PRESENTED BY:
ANJALI SHISHODIA

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Working
 Applications
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Differences
 Future uses
 Conclusion

3. What is RFID?
 RFID stands for Radio-frequency identification (RFID
) an Auto-ID data collection system surveillance,
using RF waves for Identifying, Tracking and doing
Management of material flow.
 It is an automatic identification method, relying on storing
and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags
or transponders. An RFID tag is an object that can be
attached to or incorporated into a product for the purpose
of identification using radio waves.
• Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact
between reader/scanner and the tagged item.
• Basic concept behind RFID is same as “Mirror-Sunlight-
Reflection theory.
• Invented and used from early 1940’s but Commercial
operation begun from 1960’s.

4. RFID tags: Smart labels
4
… and a chip
attached to it
… on a substrate
e.g. a plastic
foil ...
an antenna,
printed, etched
or stamped ...
A paper label
with RFID inside

5. RFID System Components
 RFID Tag
 Transponder
 Located on the object
 RFID Reader
 Transceiver
 Can read and write data to Tag
 Data Processing Subsystem

6. Transponder
• Consists of silicon based microchip that stores data and antenna.
Tags can be classified in three different ways :
Active, Passive, Semi active (semi passive)
• Active transponders have on-tag batteries and also known as
beacons (broadcast its own signal).
• Passive transponders obtain all power from the RF interrogation
signal of reader.
• Active and passive only communicate when interrogated by
transceiver.
Tags can also be classified on the basis of:
• Read-only (RO)
• Write once, read many (WORM)
• Read-write (RW)

8. SMART LABELS (tags)
 Typical Frequency: 13.56 MHz-HF system uses passive tags
- a worldwide standardized frequency
 Libraries use high frequency passive tags
 In our library we paste these tags on the preface page of the
book
Presently four main frequency bands used in RFID systems
 Low Frequency band: 125/134 KHz
 High Frequency band: 13.56 MHz
 Ultra High Frequency band: 800-900 MHz
 Microwave band: 2.4-5.8 GHz

9. READER
• A device that is used to interrogate an Tag.
 Basic components are:
 A scanning Antenna
 A transceiver with a decoder to interpret data
 helps in personalize & read data.

10. Some RFID readers

11. Data Processing Subsystem
 Backend System
 Connected via high-speed network
 Computers used for business planning (ERP)
 Database storage
 Can be as simple as a reader attached to a cash
register

12. RFID System
Ethernet
RFID
Reader
RFID Tag RF Antenna Network Workstation

13. How does RFID work?

14. working
 A radio device called a tag is attached to the object
that needs to be identified.
 When this tagged object is presented in front of a
suitable RFID reader, the tag transmits this data to the
reader (via the reader antenna).
 The reader then reads the data and has the capability
to forward it over suitable communication channels.
 This application can then use this unique data to
identify the object presented to the reader.
 It can then perform a variety of actions

15. RFID tags - Active vs. Passive
Active RFID Passive RFID
Tag Power Source Internal to tag Energy transferred using
RF from reader
Tag Battery Yes No
Availability of power Continuous Only in field of reader
Required signal
strength to read tag
Very Low Very High
Range Up to 100 meters Up to 3-5m, usually less
Multi-tag reading 1000’s of tags recognized
– speeds up to 100
miles/hour.
Few hundred within 3m of
reader
Data Storage Up to 1Mb of read/write
with sophisticated search
and access
128 bytes of read/write

16. RFID Applications
 Manufacturing and Processing
 Inventory and production process monitoring
 Warehouse order fulfillment
 Supply Chain Management
 Inventory tracking systems
 Logistics management
 Retail
 Inventory control and customer insight
 Auto checkout with reverse logistics
 Security
 Access control
 Counterfeiting and Theft control/prevention
 Location Tracking
 Traffic movement control and parking management
 Wildlife/Livestock monitoring and tracking

17. continued……….
Inventory Monitoring
 Library book and bookstore tracking
 Pallet tracking (Wal-Mart and the Dept. of Defense)
Access Control
 Hand Implants
 ID badges
Payment Systems
 The American Express Blue Card, a feature they call Express Pay
 Exxon Mobile Speed Pass Airline baggage tracking
 Cell phones are including RFID tags built in
 Electronic payment – credit card companies moving to RFID-enabled
cards to increase efficiency and reduce time at point-of-sale for
customer, merchant, and card issuer.
Commercially for truck and trailer tracking in shipping yards
Long range access control for vehicles
 Entry gates
 Electronic toll collection

18. RFID application points
• Assembly Line
 Shipping Portals
 Handheld Applications
Bill of Lading
Material Tracking
Wireless

19. Smart groceries
• Add an RFID tag to all
items in the grocery.
• As the cart leaves the
store, it passes through an
RFID transceiver.
• The cart is rung up in
seconds.

20. Smart groceries enhanced
• Track
products
through their
entire
lifetime.

21. 21
RFID Implants
Before After implant surgery

22. RFID animal tracking system
 Cattle and farm animals are being tagged to improve
tracking and monitoring of health.

23. Advantages
 Contactless. An RFID tag can be read without any physical
contact between the tag and the reader.
 Writable data. The data of a read-write (RW) RFID tag can be
rewritten a large number of times.
 Absence of line of sight. A line of sight is generally not
required for an RFID reader to read an RFID tag.
 Variety of read ranges.
 Wide data-capacity range.
 Support for multiple tag reads.
 Perform smart tasks.
 Better collection management
 Improved productivity and services.

24. Disadvantages
 Poor performance with RF-opaque and RF-absorbent
objects.
 Impacted by environmental factors.
 Impacted by hardware interference.
 Cost factors: Implementation and on going system cost.
 It is a controversial technology:

25. Continued…..
 Consumer privacy advocates often refer to RFIDs as “spychips”.
 RFIDs can be tracked by anyone with a high-gain antenna, potentially
allowing the contents of a home to be scanned at a distance.
 Could be used to track an individual’s movements without their knowledge.
 Information about an individual can be gleaned from an RFID even after its disposal
 Three main privacy concerns in a retail scenario:
 Purchaser of item may not be aware of its presence
 Tag can be read at a distance without purchaser’s knowledge
 May be possible to tie RFID ID to purchaser’s credit card and personal
information
 Medical
 Implants/Personal Information
 Verichip is a tiny implantable chip that holds medical records.
 Health Risks
 Hard to remove once implanted.
 Long term effects unknown

26. BARCODE Vs RFID

27. Library book management and security
systems
book and borrower card
scanner
library system
1
2
3
4
check-out record

29. Book Drop Reader
Self Checks-in books
when patrons drop
them in book-drop …..

30. SECURITY GATE
 Verify that all books leaving the library
have been checked out.
 Detect Theft and
 Prevent unauthorized removal
of material

31. Key Agenda and Concern for library
Key Agenda
 Material security
 Financial liabilities
 Personal comfort and safety
 Privacy and problem patrons
key concern
 To increase productivity
 Improve customer services
 maintain current staff level

32. Inventory Management
 Read/Write
- Ability to add information directly to tags enables each
unique asset to carry its own unique history
 Non-contact Reads
- Ability to read tags at a distance, under a variety of
environmental conditions, without physical manipulation
of the asset
 Fast Read
- Ability to simultaneously read large numbers (1000-1750
tags/sec) of items
 Automation
- Requires less human intervention
 Authenticity
- Each RFID chip is unique and can not be replicated

33. Inventory Reader
 A compact and light weight hand held device
 Comfortable to use
 High storage capacity
 Multi functional (such as shelving,
sorting, searching, weeding and
reading)
 Enhanced security

34. Future of RFID
 Medical
 Drug Counterfeiting
 Tracking & Tracing
 Medical “Passports”
 Foster Care System
 Food Chain Precautions
 Shopping
 Cashier-less check out and payment
 Household Technology
 Smart keys
 Intelligent washing machines
 Monitoring refrigerators
 Intelligent ovens/microwaves

35. Conclusion
RFID is a Supporting Technology not a Competing technology………..
 Slowly becoming an industry standard
 Speeds up the supply chain process
 Easier to manage inventory
 Continually evolving
It is easy to envision that, the RFID tags contents will increase in
power, prices are expected to decline and tag will dramatically
improve its efficiency, security and accuracy.

36. THANK YOU