An RFID system consists of an antenna, transceiver, and transponder tag with unique information. There are two types of RFID tags: active tags with their own power source and longer read ranges but limited lifespan, and passive tags without a power source that are smaller and have unlimited lifespan. RFID tags contain protocol, organization, product class, and unique serial number data. Compared to barcodes, RFID tags don't require line of sight, can be read from greater distances, and allow reading and writing information.

4. A basic RFID system consists of three components:
 An antenna or coil
 A transceiver (with decoder)
 A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed
with unique information

6. There are two type of RFID tag:
1. Active RFID Tag –
 Their own power source.
 reader can be much farther away and still get the
signal.
 limited life spans.
2. Passive RFID Tag –
 Do not require power source.
 Smaller in size.
 Unlimited life span.

7. Internal Structure of Tag

8.  Data stored in a tag
 Tag contains a 96-bit string of data
1. 8 bits-Version of the protocol
2. 28 bits- Name organization that manages the data for this
tag
3. 24 bits-Object class, identifying the kind of product
4. 36 bits-Unique serial number for a particular tag

9. 1.Barcode readers require a direct line of
sight to the printed barcode. 2.The
range to read a barcode is much less,
typically no more than fifteen feet.
3.Not more expensive . 4.Barcodes
have no read/write capability
information can not added in barcode.
1.Do not require a direct line of sight .
2.RFID tags can be read at much
greater distances up to 300 feet. 3.RFID
tags are typically more expensive
4.RFID tags, can be read/write
information can be added
Barcode RFID

10. Band Range Data speed Remarks
120-150 kHz (LF)
10 cm
Low Animal
identification,
factory data
collectionW
13.56 MHz (HF) 1 m Low to Moderate Smart cards
433 MHZ (UHF) 1-100 m Moderate Defence
applications,
with active tags
868-870 MHz 1-2 m Moderate to
High
EAN, various
standards
2450 MHz-5800
MHz
1-2 m High Bluetooth
standards
3.1 Ghz-10 GHz
(microwave)
to 200 M High requires semi-
active or active
tags

11.  Access control
 Manufacturing
 Libraries
 Identification
 Security access control
 Airport baggage

13.  Global standardization
 Security concerns
 Exploitation
 shielding
 Temperature exposure`

14.  Main advantage is their low price and the usually
employed offline preaggregation of data to the class
level.
 Optical RFID operates in the electromagnetic
spectrum
 Optical RFID provides much more protection
against than RFID

15.  RFID technology does not require line-of-sight
reading.
 RFID tags can hold more data than bar codes.
 RFID tag data can be changed or added to as a tag
passes through specific operations
 RFID tags are more effective in harsh environments
 A large number of RFID tags can be read almost
instantaneously

16.  RFIDs are easy to conceal or incorporate in other
items. For example, in 2009 researchers at Bristol
University successfully glued RFID micro-
transponders to live ants in order to study their
behavior.
 Hitachi holds the record for the smallest RFID chip,
at 0.05mm × 0.05mm. This is 1/64th the size of the
previous record holder.Manufacture is enabled by
using the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. These
dust-sized chips can store 38-digit numbers using 128-
bit (ROM).

17.  100,000 times the indoor receiver sensitivity of previous RFID
solutions
 20 times the read range of conventional passive RFID readers
 100 times greater coverage than conventional systems
 Verification of 100 percent of tags on RF-challenged goods
 Non line-of-sight read capability
 One multi-purpose system to read, locate and secure RFID tag
data.