This document provides an overview of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS). It defines an AGV as a material handling system that uses self-propelled vehicles to transport items along defined pathways. The document describes different types of AGVs and navigation systems. It also outlines the components and applications of AS/RS, which are computer-controlled systems for automatically storing and retrieving loads. Common uses of AGVs and AS/RS are in warehousing, distribution, manufacturing, and order fulfillment.

2. AGV
• What is AGV?
• AGV System
• Types Of AGV
• Types of navigations in
AGV’s
• Safety And Functions
Of AGV
• Why consider AGV’s ?
• Applications of AGV’s AS/RS
• What Is AS/RS ?
• Types Of AS/RS
• Components Of AS/RS
• Application Of AS/RS

3. AGV is a material
handling system that
uses independently
operated, self-
propelled vehicles
guided along defined
pathways.

4. 1. Automated guided vehicle
(AGV)
2. Load transfer positions
3. Load handling equipment
4. Load devices
5. Guide track
(laser, inductive, optical)
6. Data transmission
7. Management system
1
2
2
3 4
5
5
6
6
6
7

5. Types Of
AGV
Driverless
Trains
AGV’s
Pallet
Trucks
Unit Load
Carrier

6. It consists of a towing vehicle that pulls one or more
trailers to form a train.
This type is applicable in moving heavy pay loads over
large distance in warehouses or factories with or
without intermediate pickup and drop off points along
the route.
It consists of 5-10 trailers and is an efficient transport
system.

7. • Pallet trucks are used to
move palletized loads along
predetermined routes.
• The capacity of an AGV
pallet truck ranges up to
several thousand kilograms
and some are capable of
handling two pallets.
• It is achieved for vertical
movement to reach loads on
racks and shelves.

8. • These are used to move unit loads from one
station to another.
• It is also used for automatic loading and
unloading of pallets by means of rollers.
• Load capacity ranges up to 250 kg or less.
• Especially these vehicles are designed to
move small loads.

9. Navigation
System
Wired
Navigation
Guide Tape
Navigation
Laser Target
Navigation

10. • The wired sensor is placed on bottom of the AGV’S
and is placed facing the ground.
• A slot is cut in the ground and a wire is placed
approximately 1 inch below the ground.
• The sensors detects the radio frequency being
transmitted from the wire and follows it.

11. The AGV’S use Optical / Chemical /
magnetic tape for the guide path.
The AGC’S is fitted with the appropriate
guide sensors to follow the path of the
tape.
It is considered a “passive” system since it
does not require the guide medium to be
energized as wire does.

12. The AGV’S carry’s a laser transmitter and receiver on
a rotating turret.
The laser is sent off then received again the angle
and distances are automatically calculated and
stored into AGV’S memory.
The AGV’S has reflector map stored in memory and
can correct its position based on errors between the
expected and received measurements.

14. Man / vehicle functions
– Inputs made via operator
panel with its keyboard
and display
– Destination input to the
vehicle
– Plug-in manual control
and diagnosis module
Route (destination) finding
– High vehicle intelligence
– Travel route topology
stored in the vehicle
– Destination code
processing
– Load-sensing and empty
location recognition
Guide track following
Guided movements using:
– optical track
– inductive track
– "free-flight" (partly guide-
trackless)
– "free-navigation" (guide-trackless
Data exchange
– Infrared
– Radio
Special functions
– Battery reserve
monitoring
– Control of battery
charging
– Obstacle recognition
Load handling
– Load acceptance
– Load depositing
– Load monitoring
– Load transfer
synchronization
Travel control
– Speed
– Safety gap maintenance
– Collision protection

15. Zone Control
• Zone control to implement blocking system.
• Zones A, B, and D are blocked.
• Zone C is free. Vehicle 2 is blocked from entering Zone
A by vehicle 1.
• Vehicle 3 is free to enter Zone C.

16. Emergency stop
Status indicator
Obstacle sensor
Protective bar
Flasher
Protective bar
Photobarrier
Audible signal
Side protection
rails

17. Reduces the labor cost.
Flexible.
Intelligent.
Less Time consuming
Can significantly reduce production & warehouse costs.
Transforming the materials handling industry.

18. • AGVs are commonly used to transport raw materials
such as paper, steel, rubber, metal, and plastic.
Raw Material
Handling
• Work-in-Process movement is one of the first
applications where automated guided vehicles were
used, and includes the repetitive movement of
materials throughout the manufacturing process.
Work in Process
Movement
• Pallet handling is an extremely popular application for
AGVs as repetitive movement of pallets is very
common in manufacturing and distribution facilities.
Pallet Handling
• Moving finished goods from manufacturing to storage
or shipping is the final movement of materials before
they are delivered to customers.
Finished
Product
Handling

20. An automated storage &
Retrieval system can be
defined as a storage system
that performs storage and
retrieval operations with
speed and accuracy under a
defined degree of automation.
It consists of a variety of
computer-controlled systems
for automatically placing and
retrieving loads from defined
storage locations.

21. • Large automated system designed to use S/R machines
to move unit loads on pallets into and out of storage
racks.
Unit load AS/RS
• High-density unit load storage system, designed to store
large amounts of stock with relatively little amounts of
stock types.
Deep-Lane AS/RS
• Smaller automated system designed to move smaller
loads into and out of storage bins or drawers.Mini-load AS/RS
• Uses personnel to pick items from racks or bins,
reducing transaction time.Man-on-board AS/RS
• Items to be moved are stored in single file lanes, rather
than in bins or drawers.
Automated item
retrieval system
• Same principle of using a center aisle to access loads is
used except that the aisle is vertical. Helps to save floor
space
Vertical lift storage
modules

22. 1) Storage structure
2) SIR machine
3) Storage modules (e.g., pallets
for unit loads)
4) One or more pickup-and-deposit
stations
5) Control system

23. • Warehousing and distribution operations
• AS/RS types: unit load, deep lane (food industry)
Unit load storage and retrieval
• AS/RS types: mini load, man-on-board, item retrieval
Order picking
• Helps to manage WIP in factory operations
• Buffer storage between operations with different
production rates
• Supports JIT manufacturing strategy
• Kitting of parts for assembly
Work-in-process storage