This document discusses RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. It defines RFID as an automated data collection technology that uses radio waves to identify items tagged with RFID tags. The document outlines the key components of an RFID system including RFID tags, RFID readers, and a data processing subsystem. It describes the differences between active and passive RFID tags and provides examples of applications for RFID technology in manufacturing, warehousing, and security.

1. RFID TECHNOLOGY
Presented by :- DEEPAK KUMAR
MCA-15783

2. WHAT IS RFID?
 RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification Device.
 RFID is an Automated Data Collection technology that uses radio-frequency waves
to read a movable item to identify, categorize & track via an RFID tag.
 An RFID tag holds a small amount of unique data such as serial number, product id,
product name and other unique attributes of the item.
 RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical line of sight or contact between
reader/scanner and the RFID tagged item.

3. RFID System Components
 RFID Tag
 Transponder
 Located on the object
 RFID Reader
 Transceiver
 Can read and write data to tag
 Data Processing Subsystem

4. RFID tags
 Tags can be attached to almost anything:
- Items, cases of products, high value goods
- vehicles, assets, personnel, grocery etc.
 Two types of RFID tags construct:
- Active tag
- Passive tag

5. RFID tags: smart labels
… and a chip
attached to it
… on a substrate
e.g. a plastic
foil ...
an antenna,
printed, etched
or stamped ...
A paper label
with RFID inside

6. Active RFID tags
 Have their own internal power source or called Battery Powered tags
 Can integrate sensing technology(as like Temperature, GPS)
 Multiple tags can be recorded/read at once
 Used for higher value items(such as shipping containers, Electronic assets)
 Higher storage capacity(512 kb)
 Longer read range(300 feet)
 High cost
 Life between 2-4 years

7. Passive RFID tags
 Traditional tags used in retail security applications
 Tag contains an antenna, and a small chip that stores a small amount of data
 Tag is powered by the high power electromagnetic field generated by the
antennas
 Have no internal power supply
 Lower storage capacities(up to 1kb)
 Shorter read ranges(up to 15 feet)
 Collision detection – recognition of multiple tags in the read range, so
separately read the individuals tags
 Low cost

8. RFID’s – Active vs. Passive
Criteria Active RFID Passive RFID
Tag Power Source Internal to tag Energy transferred using RF
from reader
Tag Battery Yes No
Availability of power Continuous Only in field of reader
Required signal strength to
read tag
Very low Very high
Range Up to 100 meters Up to 3-5m, usually less
Multi-tag reading 1000’s of tags recognized
speeds up to 100 miles/hour
Few hundred within 3m of
reader
Data Storage Up to 1mb of read/write with
sophisticated search and access
128 bytes of read/write

9. RFID tag Memory
 Read-only tags
Tag ID is assigned at the factory during manufacturing
• Can never be changed
• No additional data can be assigned to the tag
 Write once, read many tags
Data written once, (during packing or manufacturing)
• Tag is locked once data is written
• Similar to a compact disc or DVD
 Read/Write
Tag data can be changed over time
• Part or all of the data section can be locked

10. Transponder
 Consists of microchip(tag) that stores data and antenna
 Active transponders have on-tag batteries
 Passive transponders obtain all power from the interrogation signal of reader
 Active and passive only communicate when interrogate by transceiver

11. RFID reader
 Reader function:
- Remotely power tags
- Establish a bidirectional data link
- Inventory tags
- Communicate with networked server(s)
- Can read 100-300 tags per second
 Reader can be at a fixed point, and also be mobile/hand-held

12. RFID reader
 Fixed reader
 Hand-held reader

13. Transceiver
 Consists of an RF module, a control unit, and a coupling element to
interrogate tags via RF communication
 Also have secondary interface to communicate with backend systems
 Reads tags located in an external environment and are obscured from view

14. Data Processing Subsystem
 Backend System
 Connected via high-speed network
 Computers used for business planning
 Database storage

15. RFID System components
Ethernet
RFID
Reader
RFID Tag RF Antenna Network Workstation

16. Hand Held Application Categories
WirelessBatch
Fixed Station

17. Manufacturing and Warehouse Applications
Bill of Loading
Material Tracking

18. Security
 RFID used to grant entry to secure areas
 Tracks time and movement of people
 Dynamically change access codes
 Provide automated entry

19. Advantages of RFID System
 Ability to read data without visual access
 Ability to read data from moving objects
 Ability to read data at distance, from 3cm to 100 metres
 Ability to secure the tag data
 Ability to update data in the tag (write)
 Ability to have automated read of tags.
 Ability to have the tag form to suit the application

20. Thank You!