This document discusses special purpose machines (SPMs), which are custom-made machines designed for specific manufacturing processes. SPMs are used for mass production and can perform specialized operations like gear cutting. They are more efficient than general purpose machines due to lower costs, power usage, waste, and time spent on processes. SPMs require consideration of their unique purpose and design. They are typically single-station or multi-station and have advantages like increased productivity but limitations like high initial investment and less flexibility compared to general purpose machines.

1. SPECIAL PURPOSE
MACHINE
Submitted by:
Nishit N Ambule
13MT07IND008
Guided by,
Prof. Dr. Y. M. Puri
Department of Mechanical Engineering
VNIT, Nagpur

2. INTRODUCTION:
 SPM is designed specifically for exact requirement of component to
be processed or machined.
 It is used to manufacture special type of products.
 Generally used in mass production environment.
 SPM tools are designed to perform special machining operations,
usually for production purposes. Examples include gear-cutting and
gear-grinding machines, broaching machines, lapping and honing
machines, and boring machines.

3.  Special purpose machinery, as the name suggests, is
constructed for some very particular purpose.
 These machines are not built en masse as is the case with
most types of machinery and are custom made.
 the special purpose machine would be created to serve a
very particular purpose in the bigger scheme of things.

4. Why do people order special purpose machines as
against mass produced machines?
 special purpose machines are in demand because they do the job
they are created for more efficiently when compared against mass
produced machines available in the market.
 This efficiency can be measured in two ways. In different words,
people order special purpose machines for two reasons.
1. The first is to save money.
 leads to a considerably less amount of investment in the long term.
 lower power consumption.
 less wastage material.

5. 2. The second reason is the aspect of
time
 which is a major commodity when it comes to commercial
industries.
 In fact, indirectly speaking, even the saving of time due to
the use of special purpose machines can be taken as a
way of saving money.
 Therefore, an engineer job in the special purpose
machinery industry would require an engineer to optimize a
process as much as is logically possible with the help of
the machine.

6. Specific considerations pertaining to special purpose
machines:
 Special purpose machines are almost always designed and created
fresh for one particular purpose which is defined or specified by the client
in question.
 it is very rare for special purpose machines to be alike in terms of size
and capacity, even if they are similar with respect to their functionality.
These variants of the same design are known as ‘modules’.

7. Fundamentals of SPM technology
 Groover (2008) has defined the term ”production automation” as the
application of electrical, electronic, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic
systems for rapid and quality productions in large volumes.
 Automated production techniques are widely used in manufacturing
industries for dealing with issues such as
 high cost of labour,
shortage of skilled people,
 low interest of labour to work in production firms,
 safety,
high cost of raw materials,
 improved quality,

8. FLOWCHART FOR SPM DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURE

10. DIFFERENT LAYOUTS OF SPM:
Generally there are two layouts for SPMs; single-station and
multi-station. In the former method the workpiece is held in a
fixed position where machining and sliding units are
positioned around it such that they can process the part from
different directions. In the case of multiple machining units
they may process the part simultaneously or in sequence
depending on the geometry of the workpiece and machining
features.

11. Different layouts for SPMs; (a) single-station, (b) special
application, (c) transfer machine, (d) rotary machine, and
(e) in-line operation machine.

12. COMPARISON WITH LATHE AND CNC:
 Let us consider part that has three machining features:
counterboring, drilling, and tapping.

14. VARIOUS TYPES OF SPM:
 SPM for metal cutting.
 Special purpose CNC machine.
 SPM for vertical turning machine.
 Rotary Indexing Drilling & Tapping SPM.
 SPMs for multi and simultaneous operations such as Drilling,
Milling, Boring etc.

15. SPECIAL PURPOSE CNC MACHINE:
 Machining Process
 Component Handling & Holding System
 Particular Fixture For Particular Component Holding
 Component's Measuring

16. Special purpose CNC machine

17. SPM FOR VERTICAL TURNING
MACHINE:
SPM for vertical turning machine are designed in three
configurations to suit specific requirement-
 VT- turning machines
 VM- multi tasking turn-mill machines
 VU- 5-axis universal turn-mill machines

18. SPM for vertical turning machine.

19. ROTARY INDEXING DRILLING &
TAPPING SPM:

20. Rotary Indexing Drilling & Tapping SPM.
The Rotary Table has 3 stations -
• Job loading / unloading
• Drilling
• Tapping

21. ADVANTAGES:
 Increase in productivity.
 Less time consuming.
 Reduces maintenance and servicing cost.
 Increase in production rate and tool life.
 Less complicated.
 High durability.
 Effective in mass production.

22. LIMITATIONS:
 High initial investment.
 Less flexible.

23. THANK YOU