RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology enables the electronic identification and tracking of objects using radio signals, consisting of tags, readers, and a computer system. It offers advantages such as non-line-of-sight scanning, automation, and increased data storage compared to barcodes, with applications in various fields including healthcare, libraries, and airports. The document discusses different types of RFID tags, their operation, and specific uses in real-time tracking and inventory management.

2.  Introduction
 Components in RFID technology
 Electronic Product Code [EPC]
 Frequency Bands of RFID
 Working of RFID System
 Advantages of RFID technology
 Applications Of RFID
 Conclusion

3.  RFID [Radio Frequency Identification] is a
technology to electronically record the presence of an
object using radio signals.
 This technology is used for automatically identifying
a person, a package or an item.
 RFID is not a replacement for the bar coding, but a
complement for distant reading of codes.

4.  Tag (contains the ID, or serial number)
 Reader with an antenna (reads the information from
the tag)
 Computer (gets the information from the reader and
stores it)

5. RFID Tags
RFID tag is a transponder that will transmit, identity
information over a distance, when asked.
It is an object that can be incorporated into a
product, animal for identification and tracking using
radio waves.
These tags can be read without the line of sight from
the reader.
The tag information is stored in non-volatile
memory

6. The RFID tag contains two parts
 An integrated circuit for storing and processing
information, modulating and de-modulating a RF
signal.
 An antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal.

7. An Electronic Product Code (EPC) is one common
type of data stored in a tag.
When written into the tag by an RFID printer, the tag
contains a 96-bit string of data.
 The first 8 bits are a header which identifies the
version of the protocol.
Electronic Product Code [EPC]

8.  The next 28 bits identify the organization that
manages the data for this tag.
 The next 24 bits identifies the kind of product.
 The last 36 bits are a unique serial number for a
particular tag.
 The last 2 fields are set by the organization that issued
the tag
EPC [Contd…]

9. 1. Active Tag
Have their own internal power source
Many operate at fixed intervals
Large, Much larger memories, Longer
range
TAG TYPES

10. 2. Passive Tag
Have no internal power supply
Electrical current induced in antenna by the
incoming signal provides power for integrated
circuit in tag to power up and transmit response
Very Small i.e.Thinner than a sheet of paper,
Limited Range, Unlimited Life
TAG TYPES [Contd..]

11. 3. Semi Passive Tag
Similar to passive tags, with the
addition of a small battery
Battery powers the integrated circuit
Bigger, Longer Range, Limited Life
TAG TYPES [Contd…]

12. RFID Reader
A compact and light weight hand held device &
Comfortable to use.
a) Stationary
Reader
b) Mobile
Reader
c) Reader
embedded
glove

13. Frequency Ranges
Low Frequency(LF) 125-148kHz
High Frequency(HF) 13.56MHz
Ultra High Frequency(UHF) 850-900MHz
 RFID tags and readers have to be tuned to different
frequency to communicate.

14. Working of RFID System

15. An RFID reader transmits radio signal to the tag.
The reader broadcast the RF signal through antenna.
The tag receives the signal and get charged up if it
is a passive tag and then responses to the reader.
While it is a active tag it will respond after
receiving the signal from the reader.
 The RFID tag receives the message and then
responds with its identification and other
information.
Working of RFID System[contd..]

16.  The information may be serial number, or
product-related information such as a stock
number, lot or batch number, production date, or
other specific information
Then the antenna reads the data and sends to
reader.
The reader sends the information to computer for
processing the information
Working of RFID [contd…]

17. Difference between RFID and Bar codes
Technology Bar Code RFID
Line of Sight Required Not Required
Number of Items
that can be scanned
at a time
One Multiple
Automation &
Accuracy
Manual and
errors occur
Fully automated and
highly accurate
Data Storage Limited
codes
Up to several KB data

18.  Not require line of sight
 Greater durability
 Can be used many times
 Multiple reads
 Memory space
 Very small (0.05mm × 0.05mm).
Advantages of RFID technology

19.  In Hospitals
 In Libraries
 Airport
 Animal Traceability
 Defence applications
 Document Tracking
 Tracking Prisoners
 Manufacturing
 Automatic toll collections

20.  RFID system can be used to track patients, doctors and
expensive equipment in hospitals in real time.
 RFID tags can be attached to the ID bracelets of the
patients requiring special attention, so their location can
be tracked continuously.

21. 21
 Human implantable RFID tag operating at about 134 KHz
because at these frequencies the RF can penetrate mud, blood,
and water
 About the size of uncooked grain of rice
 Used in Healthcare applications

22.  RFID provides more efficient tracking of
materials throughout the library, including
easier and faster charge and discharge.
Animal Tracking
 It is used to trace the animals which are in the verge of
extinction.

23. Airports
 RFID in airports can save time for both passengers and
airport personnel and increase customer satisfaction.
 Bags provided with RFID Tags speed up baggage
check-in for passengers at check-in stations.
 The technology also allows airport workers to more
easily sort and track baggage, leading to faster delivery
of luggage to travelers.

24.  Vehicles will hold a RFID tag which contains unique identification number
assigned by RTO.
 In accordance with that number all basic information as well as the amount
which has been paid in advance for Toll collection.
 The amount will be deducted from his prepaid balance.
 Incase of insufficient balance, an alarm will be set up externally in this case
which is used to trap the vehicle.
 By using RFID, vehicles don’t have to stop in queue, it assures time saving
and fuel conservation.

25. RFID technology provides an easy way to manage a huge &
laborious manufacturing.
Defence Purpose
Placing RFID tags on devices, army vehicles, guns even personnel we can
have real time information for their movements in and out specified areas.

26.  RFID, is an emerging technology which can be used for a
variety of applications.
 Though there are many firms employing this technology
today, but due to its continuing improvement various
communities are beginning to get involved in its
development.