The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks. Several rules are provided for changing verbs and other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place when changing from direct to indirect speech. Examples are given demonstrating how to apply these rules to change direct quotations into indirect reported speech.

1. Reported Speech

2. EXPLANATION
DIRECT SPEECH:
Quoting the exact words of the speaker is
called “The Direct Speech”.
EXAMPLE:
Raju said, “I am writing a letter now”.

3. EXPLANATION
INDIRECT SPEECH:
Reporting of what a speaker said without
quoting his exact words is called ‘Indirect
Speech’.
EXAMPLE:
Raju said that he was writing a letter then.

4. TIPS
DIRECT SPEECH
said
INDIRECT SPEECH
-
becomes
said / said that
said to -
becomes
told that
[The pronoun ‘that’ is not necessary]

5. RULES
INDIRECT SPEECH [ Verb]
DIRECT SPEECH [Verb]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous

6. Tips - Continues
DIRECT SPEECH [Verb]
9. Future with “will”
10. Future with “going to”
11. Can
12. Must / Have to
13.May / Might
14. Should / Ought to
INDIRECT SPEECH [ Verb]
9. Would
10. Was / Were going to
11. Could
12. Had to
13. might
14. Should / Ought to

7. Rules for Changing ADVERBS
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
now
then
here
there
this
that
these
those
ago
before
thus
so
to-day
that day
to-night
that night
yesterday
the day before (or)
the previous day
tomorrow
the next day (or)
the following day
last week
the week before
next week
the week after

8. EXAMPLES
The following sentences use quoted speech. Change the following sentences from quoted
speech to reported speech. Then see below to get the answers and the explanations.
1.) Jayanthi said, “I am watching TV.”
__________________________________________
2.) Professor Jones said, “I worked all day!”
__________________________________________
3.) The President said, “I will be visiting Italy in
December.”
__________________________________________

9. EXAMPLES – Continues…
4.) The weatherman announced, “It may rain today.”
_________________________________________________
5.) My father screamed, “I have to go to the airport,
tomorrow!”
_________________________________________________
6.) My mother said, “I must take your father.”
__________________________________________________

10. Continues…
Continues…
EXAMPLES – Continues…
7.) The psychologist said, “You should calm down.”
___________________________________________
8.) I responded, “I ought to leave the office.”
___________________________________________
9.) Mani said, “I love visiting China and Korea.”
___________________________________________

11. EXAMPLES – Continues…
• 10.) Mala said, “I can be a great Scholar,
really!”
_____________________________________
11.) Suresh said, “Close the windows”
_____________________________________
12.) Babu will say, “I have already done my
homework.”
_____________________________________

12. Answers
1.) Jayanthi said, “I am watching TV.”
Jayanthi said that she was watching TV.
2.) Professor Jones said, “I worked all day!”
Professor Jones said he had worked all day.
3.) The President said, “I will be visiting Italy in December.”
The President said that he would be visiting Italy in
December.
4.) The weatherman announced, “It may rain today.”
The weatherman announced that it might rain that day.

13. Answers – Continues…
5.) My father screamed, “I have to go to the airport, tomorrow!”
My father screamed that he had to go to the airport the next day.
6.) My mother said, “I must take care of your ill father.”
My mother said she had to take care of my ill father.
7.) The Psychologist said, “You should calm down.”
The Psychologist said that I should calm down.
8.) I responded, “I ought to leave the office.”
I responded that I ought to leave the office.

14. Answers – Continues…
9.) Mani said, “I love visiting China and Korea.”
Mani said he loved visiting China and Korea.
10.) Mala said, “I can be a great Scholar, really!”
Martin said that he could be a great Scholar.
11.) Suresh said, “Close the windows”
Suresh told me to close the windows.
12.) Babu will say, “I have already done my homework.”
Babu will say that he had already done his homework.