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Structure and function of Integumentary system (skin).pptx

Introduction to the Integumentary System, Integumentary stands for "covering.“ The Skin largest organ of the body. Dermatology: The branch of science dealing with the study and treatment of the integumentary system. Functions of the Integumentary System are Protection, Thermoregulation, Sensation, Excretion, Vitamin D Synthesis. The skin is organized into three distinct layers with specific roles. Epidermis: The outermost layer (made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium). Dermis: The second, deeper layer (made of connective tissue). Hypodermis (Subcutis): The layer below the skin that attaches it to bone and muscle. The epidermis is "avascular" (no blood vessels). Composed of four major cell types: 1.Keratinocytes (90%): Produce keratin protein. Function: Provides hardness and makes skin waterproof. 2.Melanocytes (8%): Produce melanin pigment. Function: Contributes to skin color and protects against UV light. 3.Langerhans Cells: Arise from red bone marrow. Function: Immune response; protects skin from microbes. 4.Merkel Cells: Specialized cells. Function: Receives sensations of touch & pain. Layers of the Epidermis 1. Stratum Corneum: Uppermost layer; 25–30 layers of flat, dead cells. Function: Barrier against heat, water, and chemicals. 2. Stratum Lucidum: Found only in thick skin (palms/soles). Function: Extra protection in high-friction areas. 3. Stratum Granulosum: 3–5 layers of flat cells. Function: Middle transition layer. 4. Stratum Spinosum: 8–10 layers of keratinocytes. Function: Strength and flexibility. 5. Stratum Basale: Deepest layer. Function: Cell production and fingerprint formation. The Dermis – The "True" Skin Characteristics: Contains blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings. 1. Papillary Layer (Top): Loose connective tissue. Function: Rich in blood vessels to nourish the epidermis; contains nerve endings for sensation. 2. Reticular Layer (Bottom): Dense connective tissue. Function: Contains fat cells, hair follicles, and glands; provides overall strength and elasticity to the skin. Hypodermis and Accessory Organs Hypodermis (Subcutis) Characteristics: Not technically part of the skin; located below the dermis. Function 1: Attaches skin to underlying bones and muscles. Function 2: Primary site for fat storage (adipose tissue). Function 3: Acts as a shock absorber and maintain core body temperature. Accessory Organs Hair: Protection and sensation. Nails: Protect the tips of fingers and toes. Glands Sebaceous (Oil): Keep skin moist and inhibit bacterial growth. Sudoriferous (Sweat): Aid in cooling the body.

Education◦
Related topics:
D-Pharmacy• B-Pharmacy• Human Anatomy•Human Physiology•Integumentary System•
PREPARED BY Prof. ASHISH N. UMALE M. PHARM IN PHARMACOLOGY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SHRADDHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, WASHIM-444505 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - I
Definition: "Integumentary" stands for "covering.“ Composition: Consists of the skin and accessory organs (hair, nails, and skin glands). Dermatology: The branch of science dealing with the study and treatment of the integumentary system. The Skin as an Organ: The largest organ of the body. Accounts for 12–15% of total body wt. Thickness varies from 0.5 mm (eyelids) to 4.0 mm (soles of feet). Introduction to the Integumentary System
Functions of the Integumentary System a i n s t p a t h o g e n s , o u g h s w e a t p r o d u p r e s s u r e , p a i n , l l a m o u n t s o f w a d u c e s V i t a m i n D
The skin is organized into three distinct layers with specific roles 1. Epidermis: The outermost layer (made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium). 2. Dermis: The second, deeper layer (made of connective tissue). 3. Hypodermis (Subcutis): The layer below the skin that attaches it to bone and muscle.  Function of the Layers: To provide a multi-tiered defense system, combining waterproofing (outer), structural support (middle), and insulation (inner). Primary Layers of the Skin
The Epidermis - Cellular Functional Units The epidermis is "avascular" (no blood vessels) Tissue Type: Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Composed of four major cell types: 1.Keratinocytes (90%): Produce keratin protein. Function: Provides hardness and makes skin waterproof. 2.Melanocytes (8%): Produce melanin pigment. Function: Contributes to skin color and protects against UV light. 3.Langerhans Cells: Arise from red bone marrow. Function: Immune response; protects skin from microbes. 4.Merkel Cells: Specialized cells. Function: Receives sensations of touch & The Epidermis
1. Stratum Corneum: Uppermost layer; 25–30 layers of flat, dead cells. Function: Barrier against heat, water, and chemicals. 2. Stratum Lucidum: Found only in thick skin (palms/soles). Function: Extra protection in high-friction areas. 3. Stratum Granulosum: 3–5 layers of flat cells. Function: Middle transition layer. 4. Stratum Spinosum: 8–10 layers of keratinocytes. Function: Strength and flexibility. 5. Stratum Basale: Deepest layer. Function: Cell production and fingerprint formation. Layers of the Epidermis
Characteristics: Contains blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings. 1. Papillary Layer (Top): Loose connective tissue. Function: Rich in blood vessels to nourish the epidermis; contains nerve endings for sensation. 2. Reticular Layer (Bottom): Dense connective tissue. Function: Contains fat cells, hair follicles, and glands; provides overall strength and elasticity to the skin. The Dermis – The "True" Skin
Hypodermis (Subcutis) Characteristics: Not technically part of the skin; located below the dermis. Function 1: Attaches skin to underlying bones and muscles. Function 2: Primary site for fat storage (adipose tissue). Function 3: Acts as a shock absorber and maintain core body temperature. Accessory Organs Hair: Protection and sensation. Nails: Protect the tips of fingers and toes. Glands Sebaceous (Oil): Keep skin moist and inhibit bacterial growth. Sudoriferous (Sweat): Aid in cooling the body. Hypodermis and Accessory Organs