1) The document discusses direct and indirect speech, explaining that direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words said, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word-for-word.
2) It also discusses how to change different types of sentences, such as exclamatory, imperative, and interrogative sentences, into indirect speech by modifying the reporting verb.
3) Finally, it provides rules for changing verbs and other elements like time and place adverbs when changing from direct to indirect speech, such as changing the tense of verbs and adjusting references to time.
This presentation regarding direct and reported speech contains diagnostic activities to be checked after the discussion, actual discussion, and games.
This presentation regarding direct and reported speech contains diagnostic activities to be checked after the discussion, actual discussion, and games.
This presentation is about subjunctive with wish, would rather, as if / s though and if only. in the end of the presentation have some question related to subjunctive
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https://curious.com/jsaenz/simple-past-statements-with-be/in/intermediate-english-for-esl-students?ref=Q86D15FCP30
Hi , My name is Joe, I'm a native English teacher from the United States. Nowadays English is an enabling tool that will help you compete globally. If you would like to become fluent in this language; I can help you reach your language goals via private one on one English lessons on the internet.
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This presentation is about subjunctive with wish, would rather, as if / s though and if only. in the end of the presentation have some question related to subjunctive
Free English Lesson
https://curious.com/jsaenz/simple-past-statements-with-be/in/intermediate-english-for-esl-students?ref=Q86D15FCP30
Hi , My name is Joe, I'm a native English teacher from the United States. Nowadays English is an enabling tool that will help you compete globally. If you would like to become fluent in this language; I can help you reach your language goals via private one on one English lessons on the internet.
I'm a respected Online English Teacher. I have been teaching English for 10 years and online since 2012
If you are interested in receiving one on one private English lessons with me ( The first class is absolutely free ) : Fill out this form with your information so that I can contact you:
Link To Form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1eLr-YQwPV9TAS-WuZIVJZ3ytHsHoOEHOOi2EDnnOK5g/viewform
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English Grammar needs an Understanding of the Usage of Various rules of Narration as well as other aspects like voices and tenses as well.
See this presentation by Tri Wahyuni (Source Online-Rights with the Maker only)
Lesson1: Direct Speech
Lesson 2: Indirect Speech
Essential Rules for Indirect Speech
-Indirect speech for interrogative sentences
-Indirect speech for modals
-Indirect speech for exclamatory sentence
-Changes in pronoun in indirect speech
-Changes in time and adverbs in indirect speech
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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3. Direct Speech
In the English language, there are two
ways of conveying what someone else
has said:
direct/quoted speech and
indirect/reported speech.
4. Direct Speech
What is it?
Direct/quoted speech, involves quoting the exact
words uttered by the person, within inverted
commas or quotation marks.
2nd September 2012 Anne said, “I will
be coming home
tonight”.
statement
5. Indirect Speech
Indirect/reported speech, on the other hand, does
not have to be within quotes or reported word-to-
word. In fact, unless one is relaying the exact words
spoken, one should never use quotation marks.
5th September 2012 She said that she
would be coming
home that night.
statement
6. Indirect Speech of Exclamatory Sentences
Sentence which expresses state of joy or sorrow or
wonder is called exclamatory sentence.
For example.
Hurrah! We won the match.
Alas! I failed the test.
Wow! What a nice shirt it is.
7. To change such sentences, the words “exclaimed with
joy” or “exclaimed with sorrow” or “exclaimed with
wonder” is added in the reporting verb depending upon
the nature of exclamatory sentence in indirect speech.
Direct speech Indirect Speech
He said, “Hurrah! I won a
prize”
He exclaimed with joy that
he had won a prize.
She said, “Alas! I failed in
exam”
She exclaimed with sorrow
that she failed in the exam.
John said, “Wow! What a
nice shirt it is”
John exclaimed with
wonder that it was a nice
shirt
8. Indirect Speech of Imperative
Sentence
A sentence which expresses command, request, advice or
suggestion is called imperative sentence.
For example,
• Open the door.
• Please help me.
• Learn your lesson.
9. To change such sentences into indirect speech, the word
“ordered” or “requested” or “advised” or “suggested” or
“forbade” or “not to do” is added to reporting verb
depending upon nature of imperative sentence in reported
speech.
Examples
Direct speech Indirect Speech
He said to me, “please help me”. He requested me to help him.
She said to him, “you should work
hard for exam”.
He suggested him to work hard
for exam.
They said to him, “do not tell a lie”. They said to him not to tell a lie.
He said, “open the door”. He ordered to open the door.
The teacher said to student, “do
not waste time”.
The teacher advised the students
not to waste time.
10. Indirect Speech for Interrogative (Question)
Sentence
For changing interrogative (question) sentence into indirect
speech we have to observe the nature of question and then
change it into indirect speech according to it rules for
indirect speech.
A question can be of two types:
One type which can be answered in only YES or NO and
Other type which needs a little bit explanation for its
answer and cannot be answered in only YES or NO.
11. For example:
Direct speech: They said to me, “did u go to school?”
Indirect Speech: They asked me if I had gone to school.
12.
13. How to Use Reported Speech
When we use reported speech, we are usually
talking about the past.
Therefore, verbs usually change to the past tense
in reported speech.
For example:
14. am / is was
are were
have/has had
can/can’t could/couldn’t
will/won’t would/wouldn’t
become
become
become
become
become
15. Tense Change in Indirect Speech
Present simple tense
INTO
Past simple
Present Continuous tense Past continuous
Present Perfect tense Past perfect
Present Perfect
Continuous
Past perfect continuous
Past Simple Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Future simple, will would
Future Continuous, will
be
would be
Future Perfect, will have would have
16. Changes in Time and Adverbs in
Indirect Speech
Changes to
Today that day/the same day
Tomorrow the next day/the following day
Yesterday the day before/the previous day
Next week/month/year the following week/month/year
Last week/month/year the previous week/month/year
Now/just then
Ago before
Here there
This that