Refraction

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Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another. Light travels at different speeds in different media, causing it to change direction at the boundary between the two. The degree to which light is refracted depends on the index of refraction, which is a ratio comparing the speed of light in a medium to the speed of light in a vacuum. White light disperses into the colors of the visible spectrum when refracted due to different wavelengths bending by different amounts.

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$Refraction$

$Refraction ,[object Object],Medium (plural “media”) - the material that is being used or undergoing a process$

$Refraction ,[object Object]$

$Refraction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]$

$Refraction in Water ,[object Object],[object Object]$

Speed of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],or

$Refraction ,[object Object],[object Object]$

$Index of Refraction ,[object Object],(since units cancel, a refractive index does not have any units) or$

$Given : Speed of light in glass = 1.91 x 10 8 m/s Speed of light in vacuum = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s = 1.57 The refractive index is 1.57 = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s 1.91 x 10 8 m/s$

$Given : Refractive index in water = 1.33 Speed of light in a vacuum = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s v = 2.26 x 10 8 m/s The speed of light in water is 2.26 x 10 8 m/s 1.33 = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s v$

$How Light Refracts ,[object Object]$

$Angle of Refraction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]$

$Angle of Refraction ,[object Object],[object Object]$

Dispersion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

When light travelling in one medium falls on the surface of second medium the following three effect may occur. 1:- A part of incident light is reflected back into the same medium. This is called Reflection of light. 2:- A part of light is passes through the medium.This Is known as Refraction of light. 3:- And remaining part of the light is absorbed by the surface on which the light fall. This is known as Absorption of light.

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o be (11) Explain why an object (like a pencil) that is partially submerged in water appears to be bent. Solution The reason behind this phenomena is refraction of light in two medium.. The light as we know needs a medium for its propagation. Every medium has its own refractive index which is usually taken with respect to air. For sake of simplicity the refractive index of air is taken as unity. When we see any object, the light from that object travels through medium of air and reaches to our retina. The light has its specific wavelength and speed during its propagation. When an object is placed such that it is in two medium, the light travels from both the media before reaching our eye. Here the two media are air and water. Water has higher refractive index than air which causes refraction. Due to the change in medium the speed of light decreases. The refraction causes difference in speed of light the pencil like object kept in water appears to be bent or broken. .

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Refraction

1. Refraction

10. Given : Speed of light in glass = 1.91 x 10 8 m/s Speed of light in vacuum = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s = 1.57 The refractive index is 1.57 = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s 1.91 x 10 8 m/s

11. Given : Refractive index in water = 1.33 Speed of light in a vacuum = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s v = 2.26 x 10 8 m/s The speed of light in water is 2.26 x 10 8 m/s 1.33 = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s v

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Refraction

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