What is COPD, what causes COPD? What is the pathophysiology?How can we diagnose COPD. What is it's classification depending on severity. How can we diagnose COPD clinically as well as under microscope.How can we treat and manage COPD with the help of medicine as well as socially. Let's discuss.
COPD is a chronic respiratory illness that is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gases. Severe COPD can lead to respiratory failure, repeated hospitalization and death. One of the most important risk factors for COPD is tobacco smoking.
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. This information can help your healthcare provider diagnose and decide the treatment of certain lung disorders.
Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are series of tests that measure lung function and aid in the management of patients with respiratory disease.
They are performed using standardized equipment and can be used for diagnosis, prognostication, management and follow-up of patients with pulmonary pathology.
Although PFT may not identify the exact pathology, it broadly classifies respiratory disorders as either obstructive or restrictive. In this session , the role of PFT in the measurement of lung mechanics and diagnosis of various diseases will be discussed in detail.
What is COPD, what causes COPD? What is the pathophysiology?How can we diagnose COPD. What is it's classification depending on severity. How can we diagnose COPD clinically as well as under microscope.How can we treat and manage COPD with the help of medicine as well as socially. Let's discuss.
COPD is a chronic respiratory illness that is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gases. Severe COPD can lead to respiratory failure, repeated hospitalization and death. One of the most important risk factors for COPD is tobacco smoking.
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. This information can help your healthcare provider diagnose and decide the treatment of certain lung disorders.
Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are series of tests that measure lung function and aid in the management of patients with respiratory disease.
They are performed using standardized equipment and can be used for diagnosis, prognostication, management and follow-up of patients with pulmonary pathology.
Although PFT may not identify the exact pathology, it broadly classifies respiratory disorders as either obstructive or restrictive. In this session , the role of PFT in the measurement of lung mechanics and diagnosis of various diseases will be discussed in detail.
This presentation describes the indications, contraindications, methods of performing spirometry. It explains the interpretation of spirometry with examples.
A technique used to measure air flow in and out of the lungs.
A recording of lung volumes and capacities defined by the respiratory process. These recordings may be static (untimed) or dynamic (timed).
Assesses the integrated mechanical functions of lungs, chest wall and respiratory muscles.
The gold standard for diagnosis, assessment and monitoring of COPD.
Better than PEFR (which is effort dependent) for demonstrating airway obstruction in BA.
The most commonly used PFT
a detailed study on pulmonary function testmartinshaji
this study details about all the aspects of pulmonary function test, lung volumes& capacities , tests such as spirometry , carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, chest x ray, body plethesmography , nitrogen washout etc
please comment
thank u
it contains all the physiology of lung volume and capacity.
in this we study:-
introduction
lung volume
lung capacities
measurements of lung volume and capacities.
measurement of FRC and RV.
vital capacity.
FEV
RMV
MBC
PEFR
restrictive and obstructive respiratory disease.
Pulmonary function testing is the process of having the patient perform specific inspiratory and expiratory maneuvers while breathing in and out of tubing attached to the equipment that measure a variety of variables
This presentation describes the indications, contraindications, methods of performing spirometry. It explains the interpretation of spirometry with examples.
A technique used to measure air flow in and out of the lungs.
A recording of lung volumes and capacities defined by the respiratory process. These recordings may be static (untimed) or dynamic (timed).
Assesses the integrated mechanical functions of lungs, chest wall and respiratory muscles.
The gold standard for diagnosis, assessment and monitoring of COPD.
Better than PEFR (which is effort dependent) for demonstrating airway obstruction in BA.
The most commonly used PFT
a detailed study on pulmonary function testmartinshaji
this study details about all the aspects of pulmonary function test, lung volumes& capacities , tests such as spirometry , carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, chest x ray, body plethesmography , nitrogen washout etc
please comment
thank u
it contains all the physiology of lung volume and capacity.
in this we study:-
introduction
lung volume
lung capacities
measurements of lung volume and capacities.
measurement of FRC and RV.
vital capacity.
FEV
RMV
MBC
PEFR
restrictive and obstructive respiratory disease.
Pulmonary function testing is the process of having the patient perform specific inspiratory and expiratory maneuvers while breathing in and out of tubing attached to the equipment that measure a variety of variables
Demo Cum Lecture on the topic of Spirometry by Pandian M, Tutor, Dept. of Phy...Pandian M
PY 6.8 Demonstrate the correct technique to perform & interpret Spirometry.
SLOs: After attending lecture & studying the assigned materials, the student will:
1. State the principles of recording of Spirometry.
2. Define & draw different lung volumes & capacities.
3. Explain FEV (TVC) correctly with its clinical significance.
4. Describe the helium dilution method to record the FRC.
5. Demonstrate the correct procedure of recording the spirogram.
6. Interpret the spirogram correctly
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS - LAB DATA INTERPRETATIONLincyAsha
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
LAB DATA INTERPRETATION
CLINICAL PHARMACY PRACTICE
M.PHARMACY
PHARMACY PRACTICE
1ST YEAR
Pulmonary function tests are a series of tests performed to examine a patient’s respiratory system and identify the severity of pulmonary impairment.
These tests are performed to measure a patient’s lung volume, capacity, flow rate and gas exchange.
This allows medical professionals to obtain an accurate diagnosis and determine the best course of medical intervention for the patient.
In general there are two types of lung disorders that these tests can be used to assess
Obstructive lung diseases
Restrictive lung diseases
1.OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
It include conditions that make it difficult to exhale air out of the lungs
This results in shortness of breath that occurs from narrowing and constriction of the airways and causes the patient to have decreased flow rates. Eg. COPD, Asthma
2.RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASES
It include conditions that make it difficult to fully fill the lungs with air during inhalation.
When the lungs aren’t fully able to expand it causes the patient to have decreased lung volumes. Eg. Pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease
Pulmonary function tests would be indicated for the following:
On healthy patients as part of a routine physical exam
Evaluate signs and symptoms of lung disease
Diagnosis of certain medical conditions
Measure current stage of disease and evaluate its progress
Assess how a patient is responding to different treatments
Determine patient’s condition before surgery to assess the risk of respiratory complications
Screen people who are at risk of pulmonary disease
Determine how much a patient’s airways have narrowed due to disorders
In certain types of work environments to assess the health of employees.
Additionally PFTs may be indicated for the following
Chronic lung conditions
Restrictive airway problems
Asthma
COPD
Shortness of breath
Impairment or disability
Early morning wheezing
Chest muscle weakness
Lung cancer
Respiratory infections
STATIC LUNG VOLUMES
Lung volume is the amount of air breathed by an individual under a specific condition.
1.Tidal Volume (TV)
It is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing at rest.
2.Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
It is the volume of air inspired with maximum effort over and above the normal tidal volume.
3.Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
It is the volume of air expired forcefully after a normal respiration.
4.Residual Volume (RV)
It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful expiration
STATIC LUNG CAPACITIES
1.Inspiratory capacity (IC)
It is the amount of air a person can inspire forcefully after a normal respiration.
IC = TV+IRV
2.Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
It is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal respiration.
FRC = ERV+RV
3.Vital Capacity (VC)
It is the maximum volume of air exhaled forcefully from the lungs after a maximum inspiration.
4.Total Lung Capacity
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
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Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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3. Introduction
• Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) provide the clinician with information
about the integrity of the airways, the function of the respiratory
musculature, and the condition of the lung tissues themselves.
• A thorough evaluation of pulmonary function involves several tests that
measure lung volumes and capacities, gas flow rates, gas diffusion, and
gas distribution.
• Based on the results of PFTs, pulmonary diseases may be classified into
three basic categories: obstructive, restrictive, or combined.
4.
5. Spirometry
• Spirometers may be of the traditional manual water-seal type,
or they may be electronic computerized devices (e.g.,
pneumotachometer).
• In either case, a spirogram of the lung volumes is typically
produced to facilitate interpretation of the measurements .
6. Procedure:
• Subject position: Upright sitting
• Instruments: Nose clip, computerized spirometer device with
mouthpiece.
• Procedure: The patient should breathe normally into the
spirometer (or other appropriate instrument) through a tight-
fitting mouthpiece
7. Instruction:
• Step 1: Breath in deeply and hold
• Step2: nose clip applied to avoid expiration
• Step3: Hold mouth-piece tightly in mouth and expired
forcefully as fast and long as possible .
• Step 4: once further expiration end, remove mouthpiece.
10. Test for gas flow rate
• Tests that measure airflow rates during forced breathing
maneuvers provide important information relating to the
actual function of the lungs, the degree of impairment, and
often the general location (large airways, small airways, etc.)
11. Basic measures of airflow rates:
• Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the maximum volume of gas
the patient can exhale as forcefully and as quickly as
possible.
• Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is the volume
of air that is exhaled during the first second of the FVC and
reflects the airflow in the large airways.
12. • Forced midexpiratory flow (FEF25-75), previously called the
maximal midexpiratory flow rate, is volume of air exhaled
over the middle half of the FVC, divided by the time required
to exhale it.
• Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is the maximal volume
of gas a patient can move during 1 minute
• Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximum flow that occurs
at any point in time during the FVC
13.
14. Flow-Volume Loop
• The flow-volume loop or curve is a way of graphically
representing the events that occur during forced inspiration
and expiration.
• The flowv olume procedure simply records flow against
volume on an X-Y recorder.
• Following a period of normal, quiet breathing, the patient is
instructed to perform a maximal inspiratory maneuver, to hold
the breath for 1 to 2 seconds, to do an FVC maneuver, and
then to do another maximal inspiratory maneuver.
16. • A characteristic flow-
volume loop as seen in a
patient with severe
chronic airflow limitation
caused by smoking.
• Notice the deeply scooped
out appearance of the
expiratory limb of the
curve, reflecting the
pronounced flow limitation
occurring at low lung
volumes (predicted flow-
volume loop in the red
line).
17. C. A characteristic flow volume loop in a patient with severe lung restriction from pulmonary fibrosis. Notice
the patient’s relatively small lung volumes. Compared with predicted values, flow rates are relatively
increased in relation to lung volume (predicted flowvolume loop in the red line).
D, A characteristic flowvolume loop in a patient with a fixed tracheal stenosis
18. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.