Hypoparathyroidism is a condition caused by low levels of parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. This leads to low calcium and high phosphorus in the blood. Symptoms include numbness, muscle cramps, and tetany. It can be congenital if the parathyroid glands do not develop properly prenatally. Treatment focuses on calcium and vitamin D supplementation to raise calcium levels and prevent symptoms. Long term management may involve hormone replacement or a special diet.

1. Hypoparathyroidism
By-
Mr. ASHOK DHAKA BISHNOI
Director ,JINC

2.  The parathyroid glands release a chemical
(hormone) called parathyroid hormone. This
hormone helps to control the levels of two salts
in the body: calcium and phosphorus
 Normal level of serum Calcium is:- (9-10.5 mg/dl)
 Normal level of phosphorous is 2.5-4.5 mg/dl
Introduction:-

3. “”It occur due to hypo-secretion of PTH
By parathyroid gland Characterized by
decrease calcium level & Hyperphosphetemia””
Meaning:-

4. 1. Acquired hypoparathyroidism
2. Transient hypoparathyroidism (occurs most commonly in
babies who are born too soon (prematurely)
3. Congenital hypoparathyroidism DiGeorge's
syndrome (The parathyroid glands do not develop properly
while the baby is growing in the womb)
4. Inherited hypoparathyroidism (caused by an inherited
problem caused by chemicals called antibodies attacking the
parathyroid gland. This is called an autoimmune illness)
Types/Classification:-

5.  Tumor of thyroid gland
 It can occur following thyroidectomy because
of removal of parathyroid tissue
Etiology:-

6.  Hypocalcemia & hyperphasphatemia
 Dry hair, rough pale skin Hair loss
 Cold intolerance (you can't tolerate cold
Due to hypocalcemia there is sign of Tetany:-
◦ Carpopedal spasm
◦ Bronchospasm
◦ Laryngospasm
◦ Visual disturbance
◦ Seizures
 Numbness & tingling in the face
 Muscle cramps & cramps in the abdomen & or
in the extremities
C/M:-

7.  Positive Trousseau’s sign ( When we inflate
the BP cuff on arm (Inflate above systolic)
then there is spasm/contraction of finger of
that arm.

8.  Positive Chevostek sign:-Contraction of
facial muscle when light tapping of facial
nerve in front of the ear.

9.  Monitor vital sign
 Administer Calcium gluconat or calcium
chloride for hypocalcaemia
 Vit. D (To enhances the absorption of cal from GI tract)
 Administer Phosphate binder (to promote excretion
of phosphate from GI tract)
Management:-

10. S/M:-
 Keep ready article Treacheotomy /Intubation
on bed side
 Hormonal replacement therapy
Diet:-High cal ,Vit D, Low phosphate
Instruct the client to wear a medic-alert bracelet