The brain is the largest mass of nervous tissue in the body and lies within the cranial cavity. It receives around 15% of cardiac output and weighs approximately 1380g in males and 1250g in females. The brain is made up of the cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum. The cerebrum is the largest part and is divided into four lobes - frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal - each serving different functions like reasoning, sensory processing, vision, and hearing/memory respectively. The brain stem connects the brain and spinal cord and contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata which are responsible for sensory/motor functions and vital activities like breathing and

1. By-
Mr. ASHOK BISHNOI
Assist. Professor , JINR

2.  The brain is the largest mass of nervous
tissue in the body.
 It lie in the cranial cavity
 Weight of brain:-
 In male is -1380 gm (48.6 oz)
 In female is – 1250gm (44 oz)
Introduction:-

3.  By carotid artery
 Rt & lt anterior cerebral artery
 Rt & lt posterior cerebral artery
 Vertebral artery
 Brain receive about 15% of the
cardiac output
 Approximately 750 ml blood/mt
Blood supply to the brain;-

5.  Cerebrum (Forebrain)
 Mid brain
 Pons
 Medulla oblongata Brain steam
 Cerebrum (Hindbrain)
Part of the brain:-

6. Structure:-

8.  This is largest part of the brain
 It is egg shaped organ.
 It occupies the anterior & middle cranial
faossa
Cerebrum (forebrain):-

9. Layers of the Cerebrum
 Gray matter
 Outer layer
 Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
 White matter
 Fiber tracts inside the gray matter
 Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres

10. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)
 Paired (left and right)
superior parts of the
brain
 Include more than
half of the brain
mass
 Each hemisphere of
cerebrum divided in
to lobs

11. Lobes of the Cerebrum:-
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

13. Frontal lobe:-Center of reasoning, Planning, Emotion, Speech,
Problem solving.
Parietal lobe:-Receive sensory input from Skin (touch, pain,
perception etc.)
Occipital lobe:- Receive input from eye.
Temporal lobe:- Hearing, Memory, Speech .
The boundaries of lobes are marked by deep sulci
These are Central, Lateral, Parietal , Occipital sulci

15. Functional Areas of the Cerebrum:-
 Motor area ( Lie in frontal lobe)– sends impulses to
skeletal muscles.
 Broca’s area (motor speech) – Situated in
frontal lobe (Control muscle movement necessary for speech)
 Sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s
sensory receptors

16. Sensory and Motor Areas of the
Cerebral Cortex
Slide 7.31
Figure 7.14

17. Sensory area:-
Slide
 Cerebral areas involved in special senses
Gustatory area (taste)
Visual area
Auditory area
Olfactory area

19.  Gustatory area (taste):- Situated above the lateral sulcus
impulses from sensory receptor in taste buds are receive &
perceive taste.
 Visual area:- Situated in occipital lobe (optic nerve pass from
the eye to this area.
 Auditory area (Hearinf0:- Situated below the lateral
sulcus in temporal bone. ( receive & interrupt impulse transmit from
inner ear to auditory part)
 Olfactory area (smell):-Situated in temporal lobe were
impulse from nose transited through olfactory nerve are receive &
interrupt.

20. Other areas:-
Thalamus:- Sensory input from skin or special sense.
Hypothalamus:- It is compose of number of nerve cell
It is situated front & below the thalamus.
Function:-
1. Appetite & satiety
2. Thirst & water balance
3. Regulate body temperature
4. Emotional reaction

21. Brain Stem
 Attaches to the spinal cord
 Parts of the brain stem
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
4. Cerebrum (Hindbrain)

22. 1. Mid brain:-
• It is the area of brain situated around the
cerebral aqueducts between cerebrum &
pons.
• It connect the cerebrum with lower part of
brain & spinal cord

23. 2. Pons:-
• I t is situated in front of the cerebellum.
• It consist of nerve fiber(white matter).
• Passing fiber from higher level of brain to
spinal cord .

24. 3. Medulla oblongata:-
• It extent from pons above &
• it continuous with spinal cord
below.
• About 2.5 cm long.
• Function:- ( the vital center)
• Cardiovascular center (HR control & BP regulation)
• Respiratory center
• Reflex center of Vomiting, Coughing, Sneezing, &
Swallowing

25. 4. Cerebellum.:-
• It is situated behind the pons
• It occupying posterior cranial fossa
Function:-
• It help co-ordination of
voluntary muscular
movement, Posture
& balance.