Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by increased thyroid secretion. There are several types, including Graves' disease (the most common cause), toxic nodular goitre, and toxic adenoma. Clinical features include symptoms like fatigue, heat intolerance, and weight loss, as well as signs like tachycardia, eye changes, and thyroid swelling. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, thyroid function tests, and scans. Treatment options are antithyroid drugs, surgery, and radioactive iodine.
Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is a condition in which your thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of certain crucial hormones.
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Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is a condition in which your thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of certain crucial hormones.
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It include anatomy , physiology of thyroid gland. Hyperthroidism and its causes, risk factors, diagnosis, medical and nursing management, complication.
It include anatomy , physiology of thyroid gland. Hyperthroidism and its causes, risk factors, diagnosis, medical and nursing management, complication.
Thyrotoxicosis- complete review of anatomy, physiology, types and clinical fe...Surjeet Acharya
this presentation covers extensive pictures for clear explanation. this includes the anatomy & physiology of thyroid gland, a case review, types, clinical features and treatment of thyrotoxicosis. and the most intersting part it, it also includes Recent Advances in field of thyrotoxicosis
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
5. • Types:
Primary thyrotoxicosis
1. Diffuse toxic goitres- graves disease
Secondary thyrotoxicosis
2. Toxic nodular goitre
3. Toxic nodule
4. Hyperthyroidism due to rare cause
Hyperthyroidism
6. Diffuse toxic goitre (graves)
• Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
• Irish physician-Dr Robert Graves in 1835
• Common-young females(20 to 40)
• Whole gland involved
• 50% family h/o autoimmune endocrine disease
• Hypertrophy and hyperplasia-abnormal TSH –R
Ab bind to TSH receptor disproportionate and
prolonged effect
• Genetic susceptibility
8. Toxic nodule
• Solitary overactive nodule
• Part of generalised nodularity or two toxic
adenoma
• Autonomous
• TSH- suppressed by high T3 and T4
• Normal surrounding thyroid tissue –
suppressed and inactive
9. Histology
• Normal acini- with flattened cuboidal
epithelium and filled with homogenous colloid
• Hyperthyroid – acini hyperplasia
- lined by high columnar epi
- empty or vacuolated colloid
- characteristic scalloped pattern
adjacent to thyrocytes
10. Clinical Features
• Symptoms
– Tiredness
– Emotional liability
– Heat intolerance
– Weight loss
– Excessive appetite
– Palpitation
– Diarrhoea
– Amenorrhoea
– Blurring of vision or double vision
11. • Signs
– Tachycardia
– Hot moist palms
– Exophthalmos
– Lid lag retraction
– Agitation
– Thyroid swelling
– bruit
13. Eye Signs
• Exophthalmos
– Unilateral or bilateral
– Infiltration of retrobulbar tissue with fluid and
round cells
• Retraction/spasm of upper eyelid
• Levator palpabre superiaris supplied partly by
sympathetic fibers
• Graves ophthalmopathy is autoimmune
disease
14. • Diplopia –weakness of elevator (inferior
oblique
• Papilloedema and corneal ulcer
• Malignant exophthalmos
• Graves ophthalmopathy-autoimmune disease-
Ab mediated effects on the ocular muscles
15. • Von Graefe's sign (lid lag sign)
• Dalrymple's sign
• Joffroy sign (absent creases in the forehead on
superior gaze)
• Möbius sign (poor convergence)
• Stellwag sign (incomplete and infrequent
blinking
24. Drugs
1. Antithyriod drugs- <45yr small goitre
- carbimazole
- propylthiouracil
- oxidation and binding of Iodine to tyrosine
2. B Adrenergic blockers
-propranolol,nadolol
3. Iodides
25. • Advantages : no surgery
rapid control of thyrotoxicosis
• Disadvantages : treatment is prolonged
failure rate-50%
• SE : agranulocytosis / aplastic anemia
Dose :10mg 3-4 times/day
• Replacement – thyroxine 0.1 mg – 0.15 mg
26. Surgery
• <45 yr large goitre
• Toxic nodule
• Toxic nodular goitre
• Advantage: goitre removed
Cure rapid
Cure rate-high
27. • Disadvantage : recurrence - 5%
- risk of surgery
- hypothyroidism-20-45%
- hypoparathyroidism
28. Radio iodine
• Indictions : >45 yr
rec thyrotoxicosis after surgery
• Advantages : no surgery ,no drug
• Disadvantages : isotope facility must be
available
