This document discusses supervision in healthcare organizations. It defines supervision as helping workers learn, use their skills effectively, and improve their abilities to do their jobs well and be satisfied. The objectives of supervision include helping staff work skillfully, developing their capacities, guiding them to meet targets, and motivating them. Supervision functions include developing team spirit, improving knowledge and skills, maintaining relationships, and identifying and solving problems. Principles of supervision are that it should not overburden workers, foster independent thinking, encourage participation, and respect staff. Techniques include direct observation, indirect review of records and reports, checklists, rating scales, and nurse reports.

2. Introduction
Supervision is one of the most important management
functions in an organization. In every organization there is
provision for supervision. In a scalar system each level in
the hierarchical organization is subject to the supervision of
the immediately above level and each employee is subject to
the control of immediate superior person.

3. Definition
It is the process by which workers are
helped by a designated staff member to learn
according to their needs, to make the best use of
their knowledge and skills and to improve their
abilities so that they do their jobs more effectively
and with increasing satisfaction to themselves and
the agency (Williamson)

4. Aims:-

5. OBJECTIVES
• Help the staff to do their job skillfully and
effectively
• Help the staff develop the individual capacity
• Guide and/or assist in meeting predetermined
work objectives or targets in nursing preventive,
promotive, curative and rehabilitative care to
people.
• Help to promote effectiveness of the
subordinates/staffs.

6. • Help to motivate subordinates to maintain
high morale.
• Help the members of the team to recognize
problems, identify solutions and to take
action.
• Help to develop team spirit and promote team
work
• Help to improve the attitudes of the members

7. FEATURES OF SUPERVISION

8. FACTORS OF
EFFECTIVE
SUPERVISION

9. FUNCTIONS OF SUPERVISION

11. Other Functions of Supervision…
• Develop and maintain team spirit
• Improve the knowledge and skill of the workers
• Maintain interpersonal relationship
• Allocation of specific work plan
• Assess training needs of the staff and do needful
• Have knowledge of rules and regulations of
agency
• Identify problems and help subordinates to find
out solutions
• Maintain of his own image

12. PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION:-
• Should not overburdened
• unreasonable pressure results in low
performance and low confidence in the
supervisor
• Do not over estimate his understanding and
memory
• Atmosphere of cordiality and mutual trust.
• Planned and adopted to the changing conditions.
• Sound professional knowledge.
• Exercised without giving the subordinate a sense
that they are being supervised.

13. • A good learning situation. It should be a
teaching learning process.
• Foster the ability of each staff-member to
think and act for herself/himself.
• Encourage workers’ participation in decision-
making.
• Good communication.
• Co-operation and co-ordination.

14. • Create suitable climate for productive work.
• Respect the personality of the staff.
• Stimulate the workers/staff ambitions to grow
in effectiveness.
• Focus on continued staff growth and
development.
• Responsible for checking and guidance.
• Good leadership.

15. TYPES OF SUPERVISION

16. Essentials of Direct Supervision…

17. Direct supervision Examples…
• institutional settings.
• Efficacy of nursing care services rendered to
the patients .
In community settings:
• Home visits
• Enumeration of eligibles
• Conducting clinic activities
• Conduct of mother’s meetings

18. Indirect Supervision - Examples
Institutional Settings:
• Patient’s records and reports
• Patient’s history sheets, treatment records, results of
investigations and diagnostic procedures
• General order books
• Round books
• Dangerous drug records and registers
• Nursing care plans
• Nurse’s notes
• Call books
• Admission and discharge registers; death register

19. Community settings:-
• Work diary of the individual workers
• Performance reports of the individual workers
• Eligible couple and child registers
• Copies of monthly reports sent to the
authorities
• Other records available in specific settings

22. TECHNIQUES OF SUPERVISION

23. TOOLS OF SUPERVISION

24. Checklists
Checklist for an aspect preoperative care i.e.,
immediate for patients undergoing abdominal
surgery.

25. Rating Scales

26. Nursing Rounds
Example in Maternity Units:
• Give me your ward census
• How many normal deliveries have taken place up to
this morning?
• How many among them are primis and how many
multis?
• How many of them have had episiotomies?
• Has there has been any forceps delivery today?
• Has there been any caesarean section today?
• Have the new babies been put to breast? How soon
after delivery did you put the newborns to breast?
• How many mothers are under observations? Show
them to me. Show me your observation charts on FHS.

27. Nurse’s Reports
Day and night reports written by charge
nurses daily during morning, evening and
night also save as tools of supervision
particularly in the indirect method of
supervision. Here we can get the charge
nurse’s knowledge and awareness about their
patients- their condition, what has been done
for them and who require priority attention.

28. DUTIES OF THE SUPERVISOR