Ppce unit 2- PROCESS PLANNING ACTIVITIES
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Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who should do it. This bridges the gap from where the organization is to where it wants to be. The planning function involves establishing goals and arranging them in logical order.
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PPCE unit 3 (ME8793 – PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION)
UNIT III - INTRODUCTION TO COST ESTIMATION
Importance of costing and estimation –methods of costing-elements of cost estimation –Types of estimates – Estimating procedure- Estimation labor cost, material cost- allocation of over head charges- Calculation of depreciation cost
Unit 1
This document discusses process planning and cost estimation for manufacturing. It covers the stages of process planning like drawing interpretation, material selection, process and machine selection. It details the information that can be obtained from engineering drawings for process planning like material, dimensions, tolerances etc. It also discusses factors considered for machine and tool selection like manufacturing process, part geometry, tool materials and cutting fluids. The document provides information on process planning activities from design to cost estimation for production.
Process planning and cost estimation
The document discusses process planning and cost estimation for manufacturing. It covers topics like process planning activities, documentation, computer-aided process planning, material selection and evaluation, process and machine selection methods, tooling selection, and drawing interpretation. The key aspects of process planning include designing the product, planning the manufacturing processes, and linking design to manufacturing.
PPCE unit 2 (ME8793 – PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION )
UNIT 2 – PROCESS PLANNING ACTIVITIES
Process parameters calculation for various production processes-Selection jigs and fixtures- Selection of quality assurance methods - Set of documents for process planning-Economics of process planning- case studies
Process Planning & Cost Estimation
The document discusses process planning, which involves selecting and sequencing manufacturing processes and operations to transform raw materials into finished components. It covers manual and computer-aided process planning methods. The key steps in manual process planning are interpreting drawings, selecting processes and operations, choosing tools and equipment, and documenting the plan. Computer-aided process planning can retrieve existing plans or generate new optimized plans. Important considerations in process planning include equipment selection, tooling selection, and interpreting engineering drawings and specifications.
PPCE Unit -1.pptx
This document discusses the key concepts and stages of process planning including:
1. Process planning links the design and manufacturing stages by determining the manufacturing processes and sequence of operations.
2. Computer aided process planning (CAPP) systems help standardize and optimize the process planning function.
3. Material, machine, tool and process selection are important stages in process planning considering factors like properties, availability, capabilities and costs.
4. Drawings provide essential information for process planning like dimensions, materials, tolerances and surface finishes.
Cmm
- A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) uses probes to inspect physical objects and measure their geometric features based on a coordinate system.
- CMMs can be manually operated or computer controlled, and use probes attached to movable axes to collect 3D coordinate data on measured points.
- Common CMM configurations include bridge, column, gantry, and horizontal arm styles, with probes that can be mechanical, optical, laser, or white light. CMMs provide highly accurate measurements in microns or micrometers.
PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION
This document discusses process planning and cost estimation. It covers topics such as process planning activities like drawing interpretation, material evaluation, process selection, and production equipment selection. It also discusses computer aided process planning approaches like retrieval and generative CAPP. For cost estimation, it covers importance of estimation, types of estimates, elements of estimation, estimating procedure, importance of costing, methods of costing, and calculation of costs.
Recommended
PPCE unit 3 (ME8793 – PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION)
UNIT III - INTRODUCTION TO COST ESTIMATION
Importance of costing and estimation –methods of costing-elements of cost estimation –Types of estimates – Estimating procedure- Estimation labor cost, material cost- allocation of over head charges- Calculation of depreciation cost
Unit 1
This document discusses process planning and cost estimation for manufacturing. It covers the stages of process planning like drawing interpretation, material selection, process and machine selection. It details the information that can be obtained from engineering drawings for process planning like material, dimensions, tolerances etc. It also discusses factors considered for machine and tool selection like manufacturing process, part geometry, tool materials and cutting fluids. The document provides information on process planning activities from design to cost estimation for production.
Process planning and cost estimation
The document discusses process planning and cost estimation for manufacturing. It covers topics like process planning activities, documentation, computer-aided process planning, material selection and evaluation, process and machine selection methods, tooling selection, and drawing interpretation. The key aspects of process planning include designing the product, planning the manufacturing processes, and linking design to manufacturing.
PPCE unit 2 (ME8793 – PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION )
UNIT 2 – PROCESS PLANNING ACTIVITIES
Process parameters calculation for various production processes-Selection jigs and fixtures- Selection of quality assurance methods - Set of documents for process planning-Economics of process planning- case studies
Process Planning & Cost Estimation
The document discusses process planning, which involves selecting and sequencing manufacturing processes and operations to transform raw materials into finished components. It covers manual and computer-aided process planning methods. The key steps in manual process planning are interpreting drawings, selecting processes and operations, choosing tools and equipment, and documenting the plan. Computer-aided process planning can retrieve existing plans or generate new optimized plans. Important considerations in process planning include equipment selection, tooling selection, and interpreting engineering drawings and specifications.
PPCE Unit -1.pptx
This document discusses the key concepts and stages of process planning including:
1. Process planning links the design and manufacturing stages by determining the manufacturing processes and sequence of operations.
2. Computer aided process planning (CAPP) systems help standardize and optimize the process planning function.
3. Material, machine, tool and process selection are important stages in process planning considering factors like properties, availability, capabilities and costs.
4. Drawings provide essential information for process planning like dimensions, materials, tolerances and surface finishes.
Cmm
- A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) uses probes to inspect physical objects and measure their geometric features based on a coordinate system.
- CMMs can be manually operated or computer controlled, and use probes attached to movable axes to collect 3D coordinate data on measured points.
- Common CMM configurations include bridge, column, gantry, and horizontal arm styles, with probes that can be mechanical, optical, laser, or white light. CMMs provide highly accurate measurements in microns or micrometers.
PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION
This document discusses process planning and cost estimation. It covers topics such as process planning activities like drawing interpretation, material evaluation, process selection, and production equipment selection. It also discusses computer aided process planning approaches like retrieval and generative CAPP. For cost estimation, it covers importance of estimation, types of estimates, elements of estimation, estimating procedure, importance of costing, methods of costing, and calculation of costs.
INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS PLANNING
The document discusses process planning which involves determining the manufacturing processes and operations to produce a product economically. It covers key aspects of process planning including drawing interpretation, material selection and evaluation, process selection, selection of equipment and tooling, and process planning documentation. The importance of process planning as the link between design and manufacturing is highlighted.
Group technology, Production flow Analysis
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The document discusses process planning, which involves translating design requirements into manufacturing process details. It describes process planning as a bridge between design and manufacturing. The document then discusses several key aspects of process planning including analyzing part requirements, selecting materials and operations, interpreting designs, choosing equipment, and creating work instructions. Finally, it compares manual and computer-aided process planning (CAPP) methods, with CAPP helping to reduce time/costs and increase consistency and accuracy compared to experience-based manual methods. CAPP approaches include variant, generative, and automatic planning.
Computer generated time standards
Work measurement involves developing time standards for work tasks. A survey found 95% of manufacturing firms use work measurement for purposes like wage incentives, estimating costs, and production planning. Techniques for setting time standards include direct time studies, using standard data, predetermined systems, experience estimates, and work sampling. Computerized systems provide advantages like reducing the time to set standards, greater accuracy and uniformity, easier maintenance, and improved manufacturing data.
Interchangeability & selective assembly
1. Interchangeability refers to parts that can be substituted for similar parts from other manufacturers without issues in assembly. It was pioneered by Eli Whitney who demonstrated interchangeable parts for firearms to Congress in 1801.
2. Selective assembly involves measuring and sorting parts into groups based on dimensions before assembly to achieve tighter tolerances not possible through interchangeability alone. It allows for assembling parts from within tolerance ranges that ensure proper fit and function.
3. The advantages of interchangeability and selective assembly include easier assembly, higher production rates, lower assembly costs, simplified repairs and replacements, and the ability to achieve mass production. Selective assembly also reduces waste and increases quality by avoiding needlessly tight tolerances.
Unit ii process planning activities
Process parameters calculation for various production processes-Selection jigs and fixtures election of quality assurance methods - Set of documents for process planning-Economics of process planning.
Metrology and measurements(Coordinate Measuring Machine)
This document provides information about coordinate measuring machines (CMM). It discusses the history and development of CMMs, including that Russ Shelton is considered the father of CMMs. It describes the basic principles and types of CMMs, including cantilever, bridge, column, horizontal arm, and gantry types. The document also covers probe types, CMM software, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of CMMs in quality control and inspection.
Preparing Cost Estimate for Manufactured Products.ppt-Aragaw-edited.pdf
Preparing Cost Estimate for Manufactured Products.ppt-Aragaw-edited.pdfDefence University, Maj.Gen.Mulugeta Buli Poly-Technic College
The document provides information on preparing cost estimates for manufactured products. It discusses gathering cost information, identifying and calculating labor costs, establishing resource requirements, developing estimated costs, and verifying estimates. It describes direct and indirect costs, and outlines methods of costing like process, job, and batch costing. Key components of a cost estimate like materials, labor, expenses/overheads are defined. The document is intended to guide understanding of cost estimation processes.MACHINING TIME CALCULATION
This document discusses methods for calculating machining times for various operations including lathe operations like turning, facing, knurling, reaming, tapping, and threading. It also covers drilling, boring, milling, shaping, planning, grinding, and provides formulas for calculating machining times based on factors like tool travel, feed rate, depth of cut, rpm, and cutting speed. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to estimate machining times for specific parts and operations using the appropriate formulas and time allowance factors. Calculating accurate machining times is important for cost estimation of parts involving multiple machining steps.
Process planning approaches
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2. Generative Capp Approach.with case studies.
COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING (CAPP)
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) helps determine the processing steps required to make a part after CAP has been used to define what is to be made. CAPP programs develop a process plan or route sheet by following either a variant or a generative approach.
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This document discusses the components of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). It describes CIM as the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through computer technologies and communication networks. The key components discussed include the CASA/SME model, computer networking, the OSI model, and the various subsystems and elements that make up CIM such as CAD/CAM, computer-aided process planning (CAPP), and manufacturing resource planning (MRP). The benefits of CIM implementation are also summarized such as improved quality, reduced costs and lead times, and increased flexibility and responsiveness.
Geometric dimensioning and tolerance
This document discusses Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerance (GD&T) standards. It introduces ASME Y14.5-2009, the authoritative guideline for GD&T design language published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. GD&T can control 14 geometric characteristics including form, profile, orientation, runout, and location through standards like straightness, flatness, circularity, position, and concentricity. Form and profile tolerances apply to individual or related features, while orientation, runout, and location tolerances require reference to a datum and relate multiple features.
PPCE Unit 5
This document discusses the calculation of machining time for various operations. It begins by explaining why machining time calculation is important for cost estimation. It then provides formulas and factors to consider for calculating machining time for lathe operations like turning, drilling and boring. Similar information is provided for operations like milling, shaping, planning and grinding. The key factors discussed are tool travel, feed, depth of cut, rpm, cutting speed, setup time and allowances for factors like fatigue. The document emphasizes the importance of accurately estimating machining time for determining production costs.
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This document provides an overview of CNC control systems. It discusses that CNC machines use open loop and closed loop control systems to position tools and axes based on programmed instructions. Closed loop systems incorporate feedback to monitor the output and correct any discrepancies. Feedback can be provided through linear scales or encoders. The document also examines hardware and software interpolation methods used to generate intermediate positioning points along tool paths between programmed coordinates. Finally, it outlines some key features, advantages, and limitations of CNC machines.
Jigs and Fixture
The document discusses jigs and fixtures, which are tools used to precisely locate and secure workpieces during manufacturing operations like machining. It defines jigs and fixtures, describes their key elements and principles of location and clamping. It also covers different types of locating and clamping devices as well as common types of jigs like drilling jigs. Jigs are used to guide cutting tools, while fixtures only position and hold the workpiece. Together, jigs and fixtures help improve accuracy, interchangeability and efficiency of mass production.
UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROLKIT-Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology
This document provides an introduction to production planning and control. It discusses objectives like minimizing costs and inventory while maximizing customer service. It describes the functions of production control in efficiently managing resources to meet customer demand. It outlines different types of production like continuous, job-based, and intermittent. It also covers topics like product design, development, marketing aspects, standardization, simplification, and break-even analysis which are important considerations for production planning and control.Dfma ppt
The document discusses various design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) principles including: design for machining (standardization, material choice, part size/shape), design for economy (reducing lifecycle costs), design for clampability (ease of clamping parts), design for accessibility (ease of accessing parts), and design for assembly (minimizing parts, using self-locating/fastening features, modular design). It provides guidelines and examples for each principle to facilitate part and product design for efficient manufacturing and assembly.
Design For Assembly- Machining COnsideration
The document discusses design considerations for machining processes. It provides guidelines for facilitating milling, drilling, and keyway operations. Some recommendations include using standard cutter sizes, avoiding interrupted cuts, designing for easy fixturing, and allowing access for cutters. Overall the document outlines strategies for designing parts in a way that reduces the complexity and cost of machining.
Angular measurements
This document discusses various instruments used to measure angles:
- Protractors, bevel protractors, vernier bevel protractors, and optical bevel protractors are used to measure angles between two faces. Vernier bevel protractors provide more precise readings through a vernier scale.
- Sine bars and sine centers are used with slip gauges to measure angles through trigonometric functions. Sine bars become inaccurate for angles over 45 degrees.
- Angle gauges precisely measure angles through calibrated blocks that can be added or subtracted.
- Spirit levels and clinometers measure angles of incline relative to horizontal, with clinometers providing a scale to measure the exact
PROCESS PLANNING ACTIVITIES
This document discusses the topics of a course on process planning and cost estimation. The course covers process planning activities, an introduction to cost estimation, production cost estimation, and machining time calculation. It also discusses quality assurance methods, quality strategies, statistical quality tools, control charts, measurement instruments, and factors to consider when selecting measuring instruments.
PROCESS PLANNING ACTIVITIES
This document discusses topics related to process planning, cost estimation, and quality assurance for manufacturing processes. It covers units on process planning activities, cost estimation techniques like production costing, and machining time calculations. Additionally, it outlines quality assurance methods like the seven basic statistical quality control tools, control charts, and considerations for selecting appropriate measurement instruments based on factors like accuracy, resolution, and sensitivity.
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INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS PLANNING
The document discusses process planning which involves determining the manufacturing processes and operations to produce a product economically. It covers key aspects of process planning including drawing interpretation, material selection and evaluation, process selection, selection of equipment and tooling, and process planning documentation. The importance of process planning as the link between design and manufacturing is highlighted.
Group technology, Production flow Analysis
Covers The basic of Groups Technology, A problem is explained and solved in Production Flow Analysis.
Process Planning
The document discusses process planning, which involves translating design requirements into manufacturing process details. It describes process planning as a bridge between design and manufacturing. The document then discusses several key aspects of process planning including analyzing part requirements, selecting materials and operations, interpreting designs, choosing equipment, and creating work instructions. Finally, it compares manual and computer-aided process planning (CAPP) methods, with CAPP helping to reduce time/costs and increase consistency and accuracy compared to experience-based manual methods. CAPP approaches include variant, generative, and automatic planning.
Computer generated time standards
Work measurement involves developing time standards for work tasks. A survey found 95% of manufacturing firms use work measurement for purposes like wage incentives, estimating costs, and production planning. Techniques for setting time standards include direct time studies, using standard data, predetermined systems, experience estimates, and work sampling. Computerized systems provide advantages like reducing the time to set standards, greater accuracy and uniformity, easier maintenance, and improved manufacturing data.
Interchangeability & selective assembly
1. Interchangeability refers to parts that can be substituted for similar parts from other manufacturers without issues in assembly. It was pioneered by Eli Whitney who demonstrated interchangeable parts for firearms to Congress in 1801.
2. Selective assembly involves measuring and sorting parts into groups based on dimensions before assembly to achieve tighter tolerances not possible through interchangeability alone. It allows for assembling parts from within tolerance ranges that ensure proper fit and function.
3. The advantages of interchangeability and selective assembly include easier assembly, higher production rates, lower assembly costs, simplified repairs and replacements, and the ability to achieve mass production. Selective assembly also reduces waste and increases quality by avoiding needlessly tight tolerances.
Unit ii process planning activities
Process parameters calculation for various production processes-Selection jigs and fixtures election of quality assurance methods - Set of documents for process planning-Economics of process planning.
Metrology and measurements(Coordinate Measuring Machine)
This document provides information about coordinate measuring machines (CMM). It discusses the history and development of CMMs, including that Russ Shelton is considered the father of CMMs. It describes the basic principles and types of CMMs, including cantilever, bridge, column, horizontal arm, and gantry types. The document also covers probe types, CMM software, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of CMMs in quality control and inspection.
Preparing Cost Estimate for Manufactured Products.ppt-Aragaw-edited.pdf
Preparing Cost Estimate for Manufactured Products.ppt-Aragaw-edited.pdfDefence University, Maj.Gen.Mulugeta Buli Poly-Technic College
The document provides information on preparing cost estimates for manufactured products. It discusses gathering cost information, identifying and calculating labor costs, establishing resource requirements, developing estimated costs, and verifying estimates. It describes direct and indirect costs, and outlines methods of costing like process, job, and batch costing. Key components of a cost estimate like materials, labor, expenses/overheads are defined. The document is intended to guide understanding of cost estimation processes.MACHINING TIME CALCULATION
This document discusses methods for calculating machining times for various operations including lathe operations like turning, facing, knurling, reaming, tapping, and threading. It also covers drilling, boring, milling, shaping, planning, grinding, and provides formulas for calculating machining times based on factors like tool travel, feed rate, depth of cut, rpm, and cutting speed. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to estimate machining times for specific parts and operations using the appropriate formulas and time allowance factors. Calculating accurate machining times is important for cost estimation of parts involving multiple machining steps.
Process planning approaches
Process Planning Approaches - 1.Variant(Retrieval) Approach.
2. Generative Capp Approach.with case studies.
COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING (CAPP)
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) helps determine the processing steps required to make a part after CAP has been used to define what is to be made. CAPP programs develop a process plan or route sheet by following either a variant or a generative approach.
Unit 2.1 cim
This document discusses the components of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). It describes CIM as the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through computer technologies and communication networks. The key components discussed include the CASA/SME model, computer networking, the OSI model, and the various subsystems and elements that make up CIM such as CAD/CAM, computer-aided process planning (CAPP), and manufacturing resource planning (MRP). The benefits of CIM implementation are also summarized such as improved quality, reduced costs and lead times, and increased flexibility and responsiveness.
Geometric dimensioning and tolerance
This document discusses Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerance (GD&T) standards. It introduces ASME Y14.5-2009, the authoritative guideline for GD&T design language published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. GD&T can control 14 geometric characteristics including form, profile, orientation, runout, and location through standards like straightness, flatness, circularity, position, and concentricity. Form and profile tolerances apply to individual or related features, while orientation, runout, and location tolerances require reference to a datum and relate multiple features.
PPCE Unit 5
This document discusses the calculation of machining time for various operations. It begins by explaining why machining time calculation is important for cost estimation. It then provides formulas and factors to consider for calculating machining time for lathe operations like turning, drilling and boring. Similar information is provided for operations like milling, shaping, planning and grinding. The key factors discussed are tool travel, feed, depth of cut, rpm, cutting speed, setup time and allowances for factors like fatigue. The document emphasizes the importance of accurately estimating machining time for determining production costs.
Cnc control system and interface
This document provides an overview of CNC control systems. It discusses that CNC machines use open loop and closed loop control systems to position tools and axes based on programmed instructions. Closed loop systems incorporate feedback to monitor the output and correct any discrepancies. Feedback can be provided through linear scales or encoders. The document also examines hardware and software interpolation methods used to generate intermediate positioning points along tool paths between programmed coordinates. Finally, it outlines some key features, advantages, and limitations of CNC machines.
Jigs and Fixture
The document discusses jigs and fixtures, which are tools used to precisely locate and secure workpieces during manufacturing operations like machining. It defines jigs and fixtures, describes their key elements and principles of location and clamping. It also covers different types of locating and clamping devices as well as common types of jigs like drilling jigs. Jigs are used to guide cutting tools, while fixtures only position and hold the workpiece. Together, jigs and fixtures help improve accuracy, interchangeability and efficiency of mass production.
UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROLKIT-Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology
This document provides an introduction to production planning and control. It discusses objectives like minimizing costs and inventory while maximizing customer service. It describes the functions of production control in efficiently managing resources to meet customer demand. It outlines different types of production like continuous, job-based, and intermittent. It also covers topics like product design, development, marketing aspects, standardization, simplification, and break-even analysis which are important considerations for production planning and control.Dfma ppt
The document discusses various design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) principles including: design for machining (standardization, material choice, part size/shape), design for economy (reducing lifecycle costs), design for clampability (ease of clamping parts), design for accessibility (ease of accessing parts), and design for assembly (minimizing parts, using self-locating/fastening features, modular design). It provides guidelines and examples for each principle to facilitate part and product design for efficient manufacturing and assembly.
Design For Assembly- Machining COnsideration
The document discusses design considerations for machining processes. It provides guidelines for facilitating milling, drilling, and keyway operations. Some recommendations include using standard cutter sizes, avoiding interrupted cuts, designing for easy fixturing, and allowing access for cutters. Overall the document outlines strategies for designing parts in a way that reduces the complexity and cost of machining.
Angular measurements
This document discusses various instruments used to measure angles:
- Protractors, bevel protractors, vernier bevel protractors, and optical bevel protractors are used to measure angles between two faces. Vernier bevel protractors provide more precise readings through a vernier scale.
- Sine bars and sine centers are used with slip gauges to measure angles through trigonometric functions. Sine bars become inaccurate for angles over 45 degrees.
- Angle gauges precisely measure angles through calibrated blocks that can be added or subtracted.
- Spirit levels and clinometers measure angles of incline relative to horizontal, with clinometers providing a scale to measure the exact
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UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
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We have an ISO 17025 calibration laboratory and we provide NABL calibration services worldwide. Visit our website http://bit.ly/2HVkg21 and book your calibration services.
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UNIT- 5.pptx
This document discusses the calculation of machining time for various operations. It provides formulas and factors to consider for estimating machining time for lathe operations like turning, facing, knurling, reaming, etc. It also discusses machining time calculation for other operations like milling, shaping, planning, drilling, boring, grinding. Key factors that influence machining time include tool travel, feed, depth of cut, rpm, cutting speed, setup time, operation time, tear down time and allowances. Accurate estimation of machining time is important for production costing and manufacturing cost estimation of parts.
PPCE UNIT- 4.pptx
This document discusses process planning and cost estimation for various manufacturing processes like forging, welding, and foundry. It provides details on the forging process types like hand forging, drop forging, and press forging. It also describes the steps to estimate the cost of production for each process, including calculating material, labor, and overhead costs. The key cost elements discussed are material selection and allowances for patterns, labor time estimation, and treating overheads as a percentage of labor cost.
PPCE UNIT- 3.pptx
This document discusses cost estimation for process planning and manufacturing. It defines cost estimation as predicting production costs before actual manufacturing. The key steps in cost estimation are: 1) Analyzing product requirements and specifications, 2) Preparing a bill of materials, 3) Estimating material, labor, tooling and purchased part costs, 4) Calculating prime cost by adding direct costs, 5) Applying factory overhead costs, 6) Adding administrative and selling expenses to get total cost, and 7) Factoring in profit to determine selling price. Common cost estimation methods include factor method, material cost method, and function method. The document outlines elements of cost like material, labor, overhead and provides examples of cost estimation calculations.
UNIT- 1.pptx
The document discusses the key activities involved in process planning, including drawing interpretation, material and process selection, selection of machines, tools and workholding devices, determining process parameters and quality assurance methods, cost estimation, documentation, and communicating the process plan. It provides details on each step, for example explaining that drawing interpretation provides critical information like materials, dimensions, tolerances. Process selection involves evaluating factors like the part geometry, required material properties, and manufacturability. Machine selection depends on economic and operational considerations. The document also discusses related topics like computer-aided process planning and factors that influence tooling selection.
clutch.ppt
The document discusses different types of clutches used to connect and disconnect rotating shafts. It describes friction clutches including single plate, multi-plate, and cone clutches. It explains how they work using friction between contacting surfaces. Centrifugal clutches are also discussed which use centrifugal force rather than springs to engage. The key functions of clutches are to connect/disconnect shafts, start/stop machines smoothly, and reduce shocks between shafts.
UNIT-4 GEAR BOX.ppt
A transmission provides speed and torque conversions from an engine to another device using gear ratios. This reduces wear on the engine and allows greater control and higher speeds. There are several types of transmissions including manual, epicyclic, and automatic. Manual transmissions include sliding mesh, constant mesh, and synchromesh types. Automatic transmissions include hydromatic and torque converter types. The document discusses characteristics and design considerations for gearboxes.
unit_iii_bevel_gear.ppt
Bevel gears are used to transmit power between two intersecting shafts at 90 degree angles. There are several types of bevel gears including straight bevel gears which have teeth parallel to the pitch cones, spiral bevel gears which have teeth inclined to the face, and zerol bevel gears which are spiral gears with curved teeth but zero spiral angle. Bevel gears can also be classified based on their pitch angles as mitre gears with perpendicular shafts, angular gears with non-perpendicular shafts, or crown gears where one gear has a 90 degree pitch angle. The design of bevel gears involves calculating the gear ratio and selecting materials, determining the initial torque load, selecting tooth dimensions, and choosing the proper number
UNIT-2 DTS.pptx
The document provides information on spur gears, including definitions, types, classifications, terminology, design procedure, materials, and manufacturing methods. Some key points:
- Spur gears are circular gears with straight teeth used to transmit motion between parallel shafts.
- Gears can be classified based on shaft position, motion type, peripheral speed, tooth position, and gearing type.
- The design procedure involves calculating torque, stresses, module, teeth number, dimensions, and checking safety.
- Common materials include steel, cast iron, and bronze. Selection depends on application factors.
- Gears are manufactured through milling, generating, shaping, molding, and casting processes.
UNIT-I DTS.pptx
This document discusses the design of transmission systems. It covers various types of belt drives used to transmit power between shafts including flat belts, V-belts, circular belts, and discusses factors to consider when selecting a belt drive such as the power needs, shaft speeds and layout. It also describes types of flat belt drives, materials used for belts, and defines concepts like velocity ratio, slip and creep in belt drives.
UNIT-V FMM
The document discusses hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants. It describes how hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical energy using an impulse turbine called a Pelton wheel. The Pelton wheel has buckets that are struck by high-speed jets of water which causes the wheel to spin and power a generator to produce hydroelectricity. The document provides details on the components of a Pelton wheel like the nozzle, runner, and buckets. It also includes diagrams of a typical hydroelectric power plant layout and formulas used in calculating efficiencies and power values.
UNIT-IV FMM
1. The document discusses pumps, specifically centrifugal pumps. It defines pumps and explains that their purpose is to transfer mechanical energy into pressure or kinetic energy to lift or transfer liquids.
2. Centrifugal pumps are classified based on their mechanical principles. They work by using an impeller to impart centrifugal force on a liquid and increase pressure.
3. The key components of a centrifugal pump are described in detail, including the impeller, casing, suction pipe, strainer, foot valve, and delivery pipe. The document also explains how centrifugal pumps work and the steps involved in their operation.
UNIT-III FMM
The document discusses dimensional analysis and its applications. Dimensional analysis is a technique used in research and design to analyze the relationships between different physical quantities. It involves identifying the fundamental and derived quantities involved in a phenomenon and determining their dimensions. Dimensional analysis helps derive dimensionless parameters and homogeneous equations. It aids in testing equations, designing model experiments, and presenting results systematically. The document provides examples of applying dimensional analysis techniques like Rayleigh's and Buckingham π methods to fluid mechanics problems to determine functional relationships between variables.
UNIT-II FMM
The document discusses head loss in pipes due to friction and provides calculations using Darcy's and Chezy's formulas. It then describes two examples: (1) Calculating head loss in a 300mm diameter pipe that is 50m long with water flowing at 3m/s. (2) Finding the diameter of a pipe 2000m long with a flow rate of 200L/s and head loss of 4m using Chezy's formula with C=50. It also summarizes major energy losses from friction and minor losses from expansions, contractions, bends, and fittings.
UNIT-I FMM
Unit I discusses fluid properties and flow characteristics. It covers fluid density, viscosity, surface tension, compressibility, and vapor pressure. It also discusses the concepts of control volume and the application of continuity, energy, and momentum equations to fluid flow. Specific topics covered include density, specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, capillarity, compressibility, and vapor pressure. Several sample problems are worked through to demonstrate calculations for properties like density, specific weight, viscosity, surface tension, and capillary rise.
Unit 2 planning
The document discusses various aspects of planning including defining goals and strategies, types of plans, objectives of planning, the planning process, and management by objectives. It provides details on strategic planning, operational planning, long and short-term planning, setting objectives, the management by objectives approach, and contingency factors to consider in planning.
Unit 1 overview of management
The document provides an overview of management principles including:
- Defining management as the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources to efficiently achieve goals.
- Describing the four functions of management as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
- Explaining the different levels of management as top-level, middle-level, and lower-level/supervisory management.
Unit 5---bearings
This document discusses different types of bearings, including radial bearings which support radial loads, thrust bearings which support axial loads, and journal bearings which include full, partial, and fitted types to support shafts and rotational movement. It also mentions the design of journal bearings.
Unit 4---springs
This document discusses different types of springs and their applications. It provides information on helical springs, leaf springs, disc springs, and helical spring design. The key points are:
- Springs store and release energy through elastic deformation, returning to their original shape after loading. Common applications include automobiles, trains, valves, and watches.
- Helical springs can be open or closed coil and are made of wire coiled into a helix. Leaf springs use stacked flat plates. Disc springs use stacked discs.
- Springs cushion impacts, absorb/store energy, apply/control forces and motions. Helical spring design considers factors like wire diameter, coil diameter, and number of coils.
Unit 3---knuckle joint--
A knuckle joint connects two rods under tensile loads. It consists of a forked or double eye rod, a single eye rod, and a knuckle pin. The joint allows a small angular movement of one rod relative to the other. Applications include elevator chains and valve rods. It allows rods subjected to tensile and compressive forces to connect and disconnect while accommodating some angular movement.
Coupling -unit-2
Couplings are devices used to connect two shafts together to transmit power between machines. There are different types of couplings like flexible couplings, universal couplings, and Oldham's couplings that can connect shafts with some misalignment or adapt to speed changes. The design procedure for couplings involves selecting the appropriate type based on the application requirements and connecting conditions between machine components.
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Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator Manual
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Call For Paper -3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advan...
* Registration is currently open *
Call for Research Papers!!!
Free – Extended Paper will be published as free of cost.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)
July 13 ~ 14, 2024, Virtual Conference
Webpage URL: https://aiad2024.org/index
Submission Deadline: June 22, 2024
Submission System URL:
https://aiad2024.org/submission/index.php
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Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdf
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
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methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
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These are interview questions for the post of Assistant Engineer (Chemical)
AI in customer support Use cases solutions development and implementation.pdf
AI in customer support will integrate with emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to enhance service delivery. AR-enabled smart glasses or VR environments will provide immersive support experiences, allowing customers to visualize solutions, receive step-by-step guidance, and interact with virtual support agents in real-time. These technologies will bridge the gap between physical and digital experiences, offering innovative ways to resolve issues, demonstrate products, and deliver personalized training and support.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/ai-in-customer-support/#How-does-AI-work-in-customer-support
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this ppt explains about scaling parameters of the mosfet it is basically vlsi subject
一比一原版(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
一比一原版(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Beckhoff Programmable Logic Control Overview Presentation
This presentation is to describe the overview of PLC Beckhoff for beginners
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
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initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
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