2. • UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS PLANNING
• UNIT II PROCESS PLANNING ACTIVITIES
• UNIT III INTRODUCTION TO COST ESTIMATION
• UNIT IV PRODUCTION COST ESTIMATION
• UNIT V MACHINING TIME CALCULATION
14. Benefits of CAPP
1. Process rationalization and Standardization
2. Productivity Improvement
3. Product cost reduction
4. Elimination of human error
5. Reduction in time
6. Reduced clerical effort and paper work
7. Faster response to engineering changes
8. Incorporation of other application programs
18. Components of a CAPP System
a) A Part description
b) A subsystem to define the machining
parameters
c) A subsystem to select and sequence
individual operations
d) A database
e) A report generator
19. MATERIAL SELECTION AND EVALUATION
• Though the material selection for a component/product is the
responsibility of design engineers, the process planner should
evaluate the materials specified along with design engineers,
based on the availability of manufacturing processes.
• It should be noted that the material and process selections
should be made taking into consideration the products to be
manufactured, and the materials and processes available
within the organisation.
• Also the selection of materials influences the selection of
appropriate manufacturing processes.
23. FERROUS MATERIALS
• The ferrous materials are those materials
which contain iron as their prime constituent.
Steels generally contains between 0.05 and
2.0% weight carbon.
The cast iron generally contain between 2.0
and 4.5% weight carbon.
24. 1. steels:
• Steels are alloys of iron and carbon.
Carbon steels:
i) Low carbon steel(mild steel): less than 0.25% carbon.
ii) Medium carbon steels: 0.25 to 0.60% carbon
iii) High carbon steels: more than 0.60% carbon
Alloy steels:
The alloying elements such as chromium, nickel,
molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, etc., are added to
achieve the required properties.
i) Low alloy steels: 3 to 4% of alloying elements
ii) High alloy steels: more than 5% of alloying elements
25. 2. Cast Iron
• Cast irons are ferrous alloys consists of iron 2-
4.5% carbon and upto 3.5% silicon.
i) Grey cast iron- most common type
ii) White cast iron- very hard and brittle
iii) Malleable cast iron- good ductility and
malleability, high yield and tensile strength
iv) Spheroidal graphite cast iron- excellent
ductility, tensile, and yield strength
26. Non-Ferrous Materials
• Metals which contain elements other than
iron as their chief constituent.
Characteristics:
i) light in weight
ii) higher electrical and thermal
conductivity
iii) better resistance to corrosion
iv) easy of fabrication
v) colour
ex: copper, aluminium, lead, magnesium, nickel,
tin, titanium, zinc.
27. POLYMERS
• Characteristics:
i) Low density
ii) Good thermal and electrical insulation
properties
iii) High resistance to chemical attack.
iv) Easy of fabrication
v) Relatively low cost
31. MATERIAL SELECTION METHODS
1. Selection with computer-aided databases
2. Performance indices
3. Decision matrices
4. Selection with expert systems
5. Value analysis
6. Failure analysis
7. Cost-benefit analysis
32. MATERIAL EVALUATION METHODS
1. Shape or geometry considerations
2. Material property requirements
3. Manufacturing considerations