Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
JD
Uploaded byJessi Dildy
PPT, PDF3,132 views

Phylum tracheophyta 2016

Phylum Tracheophyta includes vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. It contains plants that have true roots, stems, and leaves due to vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients. Within Tracheophyta there are four subphyla: Lycophyta containing club mosses, Sphenophyta containing horsetails, Psilophyta containing whisk ferns, and Pterophyta containing the largest group of ferns. Ferns reproduce both sexually through spores and asexually through rhizomes, with the sporophyte generation being dominant.

Education◦
Downloaded 39 times
Phylum Tracheophyta Ferns, Gymnosperms, & Angiosperms
KINGDOM PLANTAEKINGDOM PLANTAE Vascular PlantsVascular Plants PhylumPhylum TracheophytaTracheophyta Non-Vascular PlantsNon-Vascular Plants Terrestrial:Terrestrial: BryophytesBryophytes Aquatic:Aquatic: AlgaeAlgae Phyla: Bryophyta Hepatophyta Antherocerophyta Phyla: Chlorophyta Rhodophyta Phaeophyta SeedsSeeds No SeedsNo Seeds FernsFerns Sub Phylum: Lycophyta (club & spike moss) Sphenophyta (equisitem) Pterophyta (ferns) Psilophyta (whisk ferns)
Phylum Tracheophyta Ex: Ferns, gymnosperms, & angiosperms • Vascular plants – have vascular tissue called xylem & phloem • True terrestrial plants
Ferns • Well developed vascular system therefore, TRUE roots, stems and leaves • Dominant generation is the sporophyte • Gametophyte is small and independent of sporophyte • Needs wet environment – water so sperm can swim to egg
Ferns continued: • Reproduction: – Sexual – spores dispersed by wind and water – Asexual – rhizome Fiddlehead = young sporophyte = uncurling frond
The Pteridophytes (fern family) probably evolved from an algae around the same time as the bryophytes were evolving. RHYNIARHYNIA: 400 million years ago The 1st vascular plant.
4 Subphyla • Lycophyta – Club Mosses • Sphenophyta – Horsetails • Psilophyta – Whisk ferns • Pterophyta - Ferns
Subphylum Lycophyta - Club Moss • Commonly called ground pines • Bushy, tree like branches above, but unbranched at the base • Have deep growing root like rhizomes • Live in moist woods and clearings • Small leaves with single unbranched vein **DO NOT COPY**
Club Moss Spores • Genus Lycopodium is homosporous (makes one type of spore) • Contains chemicals that explode and burn quickly • Yellowish powdery spores used in fireworks and explosives. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAfT2Uktx4c Lycopodium Powder Fireball: **DO NOT COPY**
Other Uses for Club Moss • Sometimes boiled in water to produce a medicinal tea or an eye wash • Ground pines, green all winter, are used in Christmas decorations • Ancestors of modern club misses helped form coal during the carboniferous period **DO NOT COPY**
Reproductive structure Subphylum Sphenophyta – Horsetails • Only one living species (Equisteum) • Also called scouring rushes • Hollow, jointed stems contained silica and were once used to scrub pots • Photosynthetic aerial stem • Underground rhizomes • In prehistoric times, grew as tall as trees **DO NOT COPY**
Vegetative structure – looks like horsetail
Uses for Horsetails • Used to fight plant fungi • Used in some mouthwashes to cure mouth ulcers • Used as diuretics to eliminate excess water (weight loss products) • Toxic to animals (sheep, cattle, horses) **DO NOT COPY**
Subphylum Psilophyta – Whisk Ferns• Look like a small, green, twiggy bush • Have TRUE stems, but no leaves or roots • Only two living genera • Rhizomes to anchor (can’t absorb water) • Reproduce asexually from rhizomes or sexually via spores produced in Sporangia **DO NOT COPY**
Subphylum Pterophyta - Ferns • Largest group of extant (living) vascular plants • Wide range of habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal tree ferns, epiphytic) • Can asexually reproduce by rhizomes
Subphylum Pterophyta - Ferns • Dominant Sporophyte stage has true roots, stems and leaves • Roots and stems underground • Leaves called fronds found above ground and attached to a stem like petiole
Pterophyta (Fern) Life Cycle • Newly forming sporophyte fronds called fiddleheads must uncurl • Spore cases called sori are found on the underside of the fronds • Wind spreads spores that land on moist soil and germinate into a prothallus
FERN FIDDLEHEADFERN FIDDLEHEAD ((‘baby’ sporophyte)‘baby’ sporophyte) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XruTNNabUe0&feature=related
FERNFERN PROTHALLUSPROTHALLUS (gametophyte)(gametophyte)
eggs sperm
FERNFERN PROTHALLUSPROTHALLUS withwith SPOROPHYTESPOROPHYTE
Ferns • The prothallus starts the gameophyte stage • Gametophyte is heart shaped and short lived • Male antheridia and female archegonia grow on the gametophyte • Sperm swims to egg to fertilize
Fern Sporophyte
HOW DO WE USE FERNS?HOW DO WE USE FERNS? Trim the base of your ferns, leaving only a tiny tail beyond the circumference of each Fiddlehead. Rub off any remaining furry brown covering. Rinse under running water. Drop ferns into a large pot of boiling salted water. Boil for about 5 minutes or until tender. If undercooked, you will miss the full, rich flavor. Drain well and serve piping hot with melted butter.
Uses for Ferns • Help prevent erosion • Fiddleheads are eaten as food • Ornamental plants for yards and homes • Helped form coal deposits millions or years ago
FERNFERN FRONDSFRONDS WITH SORIWITH SORI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xF83pH
SORISORI RELEASERELEASE SPORESSPORES
ECOLOGICAL ROLE OF FERNSECOLOGICAL ROLE OF FERNS • Pioneer species: first to establish themselves in areas with poor soil (little nutrients) • Once the ferns are established, they improve living conditions for other species 1. Put nutrients back into the soil 2. Help prevent erosion Ultimately, they set the stage for their own demise, as other plants andUltimately, they set the stage for their own demise, as other plants and trees will come in a take over.trees will come in a take over.
Questions: Moss vs Ferns Please answer the following questions and include in your notes: 1.Look at the life cycle of moss and ferns. a) Compare the spore-containing structures of both plants. b) Which stage is dominant in mosses? Ferns? c) Compare the events that occur just after the spores are released in mosses and ferns. d) Compare the way in which the sperm and egg join in mosses and ferns. e) Compare the gametophyte and sporophyte of mosses and ferns. 2.Why are spores important for life on land?
Answers: Moss vs Ferns a) Ferns have a cluster of sporangia whereas moss have single sporangium. b) Dominant stage in moss is the gametophyte whereas it is the sporophyte in ferns. c) Spores are dispersed by wind or water and germinate into a gametophyte. d) Moss and ferns need to utilize water so sperm can swim to join egg. e) In moss, the gametophyte is dominant (not the sporophyte) and in ferns the sporophyte is dominant (not the gametophyte). 2. Spores are important for life on land because they allow for dispersal of plants, protect baby plants from drying out until conditions are good for it to grow.