Seeds consist of an embryo surrounded by a protective seed coat. The seed develops from fertilization, with one sperm cell fusing with the egg to form a zygote. When conditions are right, the seed will germinate by breaking through the seed coat. Germination begins with the root emerging, followed by the shoot and stem. Seeds contain parts that will mature into the adult plant, such as the radicle developing into the root and hypocotyl into the stem. Angiosperm seeds are enclosed in fruits while gymnosperm seeds are bare. Monocot seeds have one thin cotyledon while dicot seeds have two fleshy cotyledons that store food.

1. SEEDS
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

2. SEEDS
• Plant seeds consist of
an embryo which is
surrounded by a
special seed coat
called a testa.
• The seed develops
from the zygote
formed when one of
the 2 sperm nuclei in
the pollen tube
fertilizes the egg in
the ovule.

3. • When conditions are
right, the seed grows
or germinates.
• The first part to
emerge is the root
which breaks through
the testa.
• The next part to
emerge is the shoot /
stem

4. The parts of the seed:
SEED PART MATURES INTO
ADULT PART
CALLED THE:
Radicle Root
Epicotyl Leaf bud
Hypocotyl Stem
Plumules Leaf/Leaves

5. Gymnosperm vs Angiosperm
Seed
• Angiosperms: Enclosed inside an overy,
usually a fruit.
• Gymnosperms: Bare, not enclosed; found
on scales, leaves or as cones.

6. Gymnosperm vs Angiosperm Seed

7. Monocot seed
Example: Corn seed
• Only one cotyledon present in the embryo
• Cotyledon is thin and small and lacks food
materials
• Endosperm is mostly present as part of the
seed and stores food

8. Germinating monocot seed

9. Dicot seed
Example: Bean seed

10. Dicot seed
Example: Bean Seed
• Two lateral cotyledons are present in the
embryo axis
• Cotyledons are fleshy and store food
• Endosperm is mostly absent and lacks food

11. Germinating dicot seed