The document summarizes key aspects of the Plant Kingdom (Plantae), including characteristics such as being eukaryotic, multicellular organisms capable of photosynthesis using chlorophyll. It describes the classification of plants into non-vascular and vascular groups, providing examples from each division. Moss characteristics and life cycle are outlined in detail. Fern structure and reproduction are also summarized.

1. KINGDOM PLANTAE

2. KINGDOM PLANTAE
• Eukaryotes
• Multicellular
• Can photosynthesize
• Has chlorophyll a and b
• Have a cell wall
• Store food in the form of carbohydrates
• Generative and vegetative reproduction

3. PLANT CLASSIFICATION
• Non Tracheophyta plants
→ Moss bryophyta
• Tracheophyta plants
→ Pteridophyta
→ Spermatophyta

4. BRYOPHYTA
• Bryophyta comes from the Greek, namely
bryon which means moss and python which
means plant. Bryophyta are the simplest
members of the kingdom Plantae
(plants).Mosses can be said to be a
transitional form between Thallophyta or
thallus plants (not yet, have true roots, stems,
leaves) with Cormophyta or corms plants
(already have true roots, stems, leaves).
Bryophyta is also known as moss.

5. Bryophyta Way of Life
• Moss has chlorophyll so it can photosynthesize.
• Most of them are terrestrial plants or live on land
Bryophyta’s Habitat
• Land
• Wall
• Weathered rocks
• Attached to tree bark (epiphyte)
• live in water (hydrophyte)
• Humid Place (hygrophyte)

6. • Examples of hygrophytic
Bryophyta : Peat Moss
(Sphagnum)
• Examples of Bryophyta
on the ground:
Anthoceros Hornwort
• Examples of hydrophytic
Bryophyta :Liverwort
Ricciocarpus natans
• Examples of epiphytic
lichens

7. Moss Body Characteristics
Moss Body Shape and Size
• The body of the moss is in
the form of:
 Sheets, for example
liverworts (Hepaticopsida)
 Small, upright plants, such as
mosses (Bryopsida)
• The small ones have a height
of about 1 – 2 cm
• The large ones are about 20
cm high

9. Life cycle of mosses (Polytrichum
commune)

10. Moss Reproduction
asexually (Vegetative) and sexually (Generative)
1. Asexual : -By spore formation through
meiotic division of spore mother cells within
the sporangium.Gametophyte spores-
Gemmae cup formation and fragmentation
2. Sexual: -Through Fertilization (fertilization) of
the ovum by spermatozoid which produces a
zygote.Sporophyte zygote (3-6 months old)

11. Gemmae Cup

12. Spora (n)
Protonema (n)
Tumbuhan lumut (n)
Arkegonium (n)
Anteridium (n)
Spermatozoid (n) Ovum (n)
Fertilisasi
Zigot (2n)
Sporogonium (2n)
Embrio (2n)
Sporangium (2n)
Meiosis
Sel induk spora (2n)
Keterangan:
n = haploid
2n = diploid
Skema pergiliran keturunan
(metagenesis) pada lumut

13. MOSS
Hepaticopsida Anthocerotopsida Bryopsida

14. Hepaticopsida
 Plant thallus with a sheet-shaped body, flat, and lobulated.
 Generally leafless (Marchantia and Lunularia), but some are
leafy (Jungermannia).
 It grows horizontally and attaches to the substrate using its
rhizoids.Many are found in moist soil, especially tropical
rain forest areas.
 But there are also those that grow on the surface of the
water (Ricciocarpus natans)

15. Anthocerotopsida (Hornwort)
Also called honorwort.
Shaped like liverworts, but the sporophyte is an
elongated capsule like a horn and contains a
cuticle.
The sporophyte grows from the archegonium cup
tissue. After cooking, the ends will split in half.
Sporogonium has elater threads that regulate the
release of spores and the capsule has stomata.
Some have one house and some have two.

16. Bryopsida (Mosses)
Is a true moss.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES :
1. The body is a thallus
2. The color is green
3. Living in groups, attached to walls, rocks and soil
4. Live in a damp place
5. Do not yet have a carrier network
6. The genitals consist of anteridium (male) and
archegonium (female)
7. Has foam-like properties (absorbs and retains water)

17. The body of a lichen is like a small plant that
grows upright. Typical height <10cm.

18. Pteridophyta
 Fern plants or Pteridophyta (Greek, pteron = fur, python =
plant) are a group of Plantae whose bodies are cormus-
shaped or already have true roots, stems and leaves.
 The arrangement of leaves like feathers (pinnate).
 Ferns can reproduce by spores, so they are called
Cormophyta with spores.
 Pteridophyta are vascular plants (tracheophyta) because
they already have xylem (wooden) and phloem (sieve)
vessels.
 Evolutionary studies suggest that vascular spore plants
(ferns) are thought to have existed and dominated forests
during the Carboniferous period; about 360 million years
ago.

19. WAY OF LIFE AND HABITAT
Ferns are photoautotrophic organisms,
meaning they can make their own food by
photosynthesis.
Ferns can grow in a variety of habitats,
especially in moist places (hygrophytes), in
water (hydrophytes), rock surfaces, soil or and
attach (epiphytes) to tree bark.
Nail plants are abundant and thrive in tropical
rain forest areas.

20. Cyathea cooperi
(tumbuh di tanah)
Salvinia natans
(hidup di air)
Platycerium
bifurcatum
(epifit di
pohon)

21. Body Structure of Ferns
Paku berdaun kecil
Paku berdaun besar
Sorus pada daun tumbuhan paku

22. Daun tumbuhan pakumuda
itu menggulung
(fiddlehead). Disaat
dewasa daun ini akan
terbuka.

24. PTERIDOPHYTA CLASSIFICATION
1. Psilopsida
2. Lycopsida
3. Sphenopsida or
Equisetopsida

25. Semanggi (Marsilea crenata)
Paku sarang burung
(Asplenium nidus)
Paku tanduk rusa
(Platycerium bifurcatum)

26. Paku suplir (Adiantum cuneatum)
Azolla pinnata

27. SPERMATOPHYTA
1. Gymnospermae
2. Angiospermae

28. Gymnosperm Body Characteristics
1. The ovary grows and lies outside the
megasporophyll (ovary)
2. Megasporophyll ovule supporting scales
collected in the form of woody (cone) strobili
(except in Cycas)
3. The male and female sporophylls are separated
so that their physical characteristics can be
distinguished.
4. Gymnosperms are bisexual -> only have 1
strobilus (male or female) Gymnosperms are
monoecious -> have 2 types of strobilus