The United Nations was created in 1945 to replace the failed League of Nations and work to prevent world wars. It aims to maintain international peace and security through efforts like peacekeeping operations. The UN has had some successes in ending conflicts but has also faced challenges and failures that have provided important lessons. Key factors for successful peacekeeping include support from member states and parties to conflicts, as well as upholding principles of consent, impartiality and only using force for defense.
The Postulates on Russiaâs Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Councilâs members and experts discuss Russiaâs position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russiaâs foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
Peace of Westphalia (1648) not only created the modern nation-state system in Europe but also stipulated the basic rules of statecraft.
Despite all the criticisms, the concept of state and nation took firm roots in most parts of the world, thanks to colonialism.
However, it is now facing existential challenges from different sources
This presentation is all about the modern nation-state system, its origin, essential elements, challenges it is facing, & its future prospects
Non Aligned Movement was an effort by newly decolonized countries majorly of Asia and Africa. The 5 Founding members of NAM are India, Indonesia, Yugoslavia, Egypt and Ghana.
This presentation takes the perspective of Europe, Asia, Africa and India on NAM.
Objectives of the presentation
â˘To briefly discuss peacekeeping as a tool of the international community in conflict situations
â˘Its evolution in concept, practice and context - from traditional peacekeeping to peace support operations
â˘To discuss how inadequacies in peacekeeping triggered the development of the concept of peacebuilding
â˘Highlight some of notable dilemmas that international peacebuilding effort encounter in the face of continued humanitarian crisis & political uncertainty in conflict ravaged societies
PRESENTED AT THE SACCPS CONFERENCE
HELD IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA FROM 21 â 23 SEPTEMBER 2012.
Francis Kabosha, Copperbelt University, Zambia
The Postulates on Russiaâs Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Councilâs members and experts discuss Russiaâs position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russiaâs foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
Peace of Westphalia (1648) not only created the modern nation-state system in Europe but also stipulated the basic rules of statecraft.
Despite all the criticisms, the concept of state and nation took firm roots in most parts of the world, thanks to colonialism.
However, it is now facing existential challenges from different sources
This presentation is all about the modern nation-state system, its origin, essential elements, challenges it is facing, & its future prospects
Non Aligned Movement was an effort by newly decolonized countries majorly of Asia and Africa. The 5 Founding members of NAM are India, Indonesia, Yugoslavia, Egypt and Ghana.
This presentation takes the perspective of Europe, Asia, Africa and India on NAM.
Objectives of the presentation
â˘To briefly discuss peacekeeping as a tool of the international community in conflict situations
â˘Its evolution in concept, practice and context - from traditional peacekeeping to peace support operations
â˘To discuss how inadequacies in peacekeeping triggered the development of the concept of peacebuilding
â˘Highlight some of notable dilemmas that international peacebuilding effort encounter in the face of continued humanitarian crisis & political uncertainty in conflict ravaged societies
PRESENTED AT THE SACCPS CONFERENCE
HELD IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA FROM 21 â 23 SEPTEMBER 2012.
Francis Kabosha, Copperbelt University, Zambia
Presentasi ini merupakan materi dari perkuliahan umum mengenai peran PBB dan UNODC di dunia dan Indonesia.
Presentasi dibawakan oleh Bapak Paku Utama, Konsultan UNODC di Auditorium Budi Luhur
Organizations for Global Peace - Peace Corps, Amnesty International, Nobel peace prize, The Lion and the Lamb peace Arts center, The Carter Centre, International peace Bureau, Pathways to Peace, Hague Appeal for peace, National Peace Foundation
Developing partnerships are beneficial to expanding Rotaryâs impact and reach and to building peace. Peace Fellow Kimberly Weichel shared the work of 3 international organizations and their potential for collaboration: United Nations Associations around the world; the Global Peace Index produced by the Institute of Economics and Peace, and building bridges with Russia through citizen engagement, particularly through RI's Russia InterCountry Committee. Rotarian Robert Stewart discussed potential for partnership with Lions Clubs.
This PowerPoint presentation on Egypt was made by a student of our school under an activity titled ' Know Thy World'. This activity was an initiative undertaken by the British Council. It helped us to know about the culture an tradition of Egypt
The students of class 5 showcased their talent by enacting as some of the famous personalities and impressed us.
This program was conducted under British Council .
This is a PPT made by students of Queen's Valley School to spread love through their love bands, i.e., Rakhis and Friendship Bands.This was a British Council activity.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as âdistorted thinkingâ.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. The United Nations
and its Efforts
to ensure
lasting World Peace
Event : Group Discussion
Participants: Students of Class VII
2. World Peace
World peace is an ideal of freedom, peace, and happiness among and within all
nations and/or people. World peace is an idea of planetary non-violence by which
nations willingly cooperate, either voluntarily or by virtue of a system of
governance that prevents warfare. The term is sometimes used to refer to a cessation
of all hostility amongst all humanity.
For example: World Peace could be crossing boundaries via human
rights, technology, education, engineering, medicine, diplomats and/or an end to all
forms of fighting. Since 1945, the United Nations and the 5 permanent members of
its Security Council (the US, Russia, China, France, and the UK) have worked to
resolve conflicts without war or declarations of war. However, nations have entered
numerous military conflicts since that time.
3. Why do we have the UN?
⢠After World War I, the League of Nations was created to prevent
another world war.
⢠During World War II, the League of Nations was eliminated because it
failed to prevent another war.
⢠In 1945, with the end of WWII nearing, the United Nations was
created to replace the failed League of Nations.
5. Facts related to the UN
⢠193 member states
⢠Un headquarters are situated in New York.
⢠The US has always been by far the largest single contributor to the UN budget.
⢠In June 2004 the US owed the UN just over $1 billion â almost half the total $2.5
billion owed to the UN by its members.
⢠The budget for the UN's main operations is $2.5 billion a year.
⢠In theory, any member state that owes more than its two previous yearsâ assessments
cannot vote in the General Assembly.
⢠The UN Secretariat worldwide employs some 15,000 people from 170 different
countries
⢠Six official languages are used at the UN: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian,
and Spanish.
⢠The current secretary general is Ban Ki-moon of South Korea.
6. Functions of the United Nations
⢠Maintaining international peace and security,
⢠Promoting human rights,
⢠Fostering social and economic development,
⢠Protecting the environment,
⢠Providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and
armed conflict
7. The Security Council
⢠Made up of 15 countries:
The âPermanent Fiveâ countries
10 non-permanent countries (elected every two years)
⢠The strong-arm of the UN
⢠Maintains international peace
⢠How does it do this:
Recommends peaceful negotiations (peace talks)
Can use Economic Sanctions
Can use Military Sanctions
8. Peace Keeping
Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the
UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.
⢠Military
⢠Police
⢠Civil affairs
⢠Rule of law
⢠Electoral assistance
⢠Security Sector Reform
⢠Mine action
⢠Gender and peacekeeping
⢠Protection of civilians
⢠Environment and sustainability
⢠Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
⢠Children in conflict
⢠Human rights
Key challenges of peacekeeping:
9. Current peacekeeping operations
There are currently 16 peacekeeping operations and one special political mission â the United Nations Assistance
Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) â led by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations
⢠MINURSO, Western Sahara
⢠MINUSCA, C.A.R.
⢠MINUSMA, Mali
⢠MINUSTAH, Haiti
⢠MONUSCO, D.R. of the Congo
⢠UNAMA, Afghanistan
⢠UNAMID, Darfur
⢠UNDOF, Golan
⢠UNFICYP, Cyprus
⢠UNIFIL, Lebanon
⢠UNISFA, Abyei
⢠UNMIK, Kosovo
⢠UNMIL, Liberia
⢠UNMISS, South Sudan
⢠UNMOGIP, India and Pakistan
⢠UNOCI, Côte d'Ivoire
⢠UNTSO, Middle East
10. Evolution of UN Peacekeeping
⢠First Generation - Traditional Peacekeeping (1948-1990)
⢠Second Generation - Expanded Peacekeeping that included peace
enforcement operations (1990-1995)
⢠Third Generation - Expanded peacekeeping within the limits of the
UNâs ability. More complex, smaller in size and focused on peace
building. Generally this does not include peace enforcement (Chapter
VII) operations (1995-1999)
⢠Fourth Generation - Expanded peacekeeping, but the United Nations is
taking on more peacebuilding activities. Lead Nations and Regional
Organizations conducting peace enforcement operations.
11. OLD
⢠Consent
⢠Impartiality
⢠Non-use of force except in self-
defense
NEW
⢠Consent
⢠Impartiality
⢠Non-use of Force except in self defense &
defense of the mandate
⢠New doctrine adds: Key Factors for
Mission Success
⢠Credibility
⢠Legitimacy
⢠Promotion of National and Local
Ownership
FUNDAMENTAL GUIDING PRINCIPLES
for conducting
UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
12. UN Peacekeepers
The International Day of Peace, sometimes unofficially known as World Peace Day, is observed
annually on 21 September.
It is dedicated to world peace, and specifically the absence of war and violence, such as might be
occasioned by a temporary ceasefire in a combat zone for humanitarian aid access. The day was first
celebrated in 1982, and is kept by many nations, political groups, military groups, and peoples.
In 2013, for the first time, the Day was dedicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to peace
education, the key preventive means to reduce war sustainably.
13. Efforts by countries to ensure world peace
Troop and police contributors
⢠They come from nations large and small, rich and poor. They bring
different cultures and experience to the job, but they are united in their
determination to foster peace.
⢠Countries also contribute by sending experts, equipment and training.
Civilian contributors
â˘Civil affairs and human rights officers play vital advisory and
monitoring roles in remote regions.
Rule of Law
â˘Concrete programme building and assessment
14. Successful operations
UN peacekeeping missions operate in the most dangerous and difficult
environments in the world, dealing with conflicts â or their aftermath â
which others cannot or will not address. However, success is never
guaranteed.
An impressive record of peacekeeping achievements over more than 60
years of our existence, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize.
Since 1948, the UN has helped end conflicts and foster reconciliation by
conducting successful peacekeeping operations in dozens of countries,
including Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mozambique, Namibia
and Tajikistan.
15. Factors required for success:
⢠Be guided by the principles of consent, impartiality and the non-use of force except in self-defense and
defense of the mandate;
⢠Be perceived as legitimate and credible, particularly in the eyes of the local population;
⢠Promote national and local ownership of the peace process in the host country.
⢠Genuine commitment to a political process by the parties in working towards peace (there must be a peace to
keep);
⢠Unity of purpose within the Security Council, with active support to UN operations in the field;
⢠Supportive engagement by neighbouring countries and regional actors;
⢠An integrated UN approach, effective coordination with other actors on the ground and good communication
with host country authorities and population;
⢠The utmost sensitivity towards the local population and upholding the highest standards of professionalism
and good conduct (peacekeepers must avoid becoming part of the problem).
⢠A unique global partnership: It brings together the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Secretariat,
troop and police contributors and the host governments in a combined effort to maintain international peace
and security.
16. A few failuresâŚ
In other instances, however, UN peacekeeping â and the response by the
international community as a whole â have been challenged and found
wanting, for instance in Somalia, Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia in
the early 1990s.
These setbacks provided important lessons for the international
community when deciding how and when to deploy and support UN
peacekeeping as a tool to restore and maintain international peace and
security