The document discusses the history and types of international organizations. It describes how the first international organization was the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine established in 1815 after the Congress of Vienna. The two main types of international organizations are international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) composed of sovereign states. Some key organizations mentioned include the League of Nations formed after WWI, the United Nations formed after WWII, and the European Union.
This is a presentation about the United Nations. How it was formed, wha they do and the different councils of the organisations. Furthermore it states what the organisation does in India.
This is a presentation about the United Nations. How it was formed, wha they do and the different councils of the organisations. Furthermore it states what the organisation does in India.
This presentation talks about the introduction, scope, benefits, types and a lot more about International Organisation.
Hope you like the ppt.Good Luck :)
*content referred from another source*
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
This an introduction to International Organization
Note: It doesn't contain all the organization name. I am going to enhance this pdf in future and update here as well. Any new information can be added in comment
This presentation talks about the introduction, scope, benefits, types and a lot more about International Organisation.
Hope you like the ppt.Good Luck :)
*content referred from another source*
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
This an introduction to International Organization
Note: It doesn't contain all the organization name. I am going to enhance this pdf in future and update here as well. Any new information can be added in comment
Sager 1Sager Discussion #5 Chapter 18 In chapter 18 of P.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sager 1
Sager
Discussion #5 Chapter 18
In chapter 18 of Power & Choice: An Introduction to Political Science author Philips Shively discusses and describes international and global politics. Shively explains how the international political system has changed since the Cold War.
According to Shively the first major development that began to change our international system was during the 1970’s. This was a time when more non-state participants involved in international politics began to quickly grow. These non-state participants included the nongovernmental international organization (NGO’s) and the intergovernmental organizations (IGO’s) NGO’s represent any organization that was not set up and is run independently from the government. IGO’s are organizations founded through governmental treaties but have a separate governmental structure to insure that no one state has control over them (Shively 397). The way states now depend on each other, especially for trade, has also contributed to the formation of the modern international political structure. Between the years of 1970 to 1980 for example, Shively shows us how the United States trade with other countries nearly doubled (397). The end of the U.S.A and the U.S.S.R’s completion between each other also led to a power imbalance that effected many third world countries and led to many power shifts to countries such as China, France, Germany and Japan (Shively 398). Shively also mentions how there was a shift to the open market in many of the larger states around the world. This in turn made many of the world’s states more alike and indifferent from one another. Shively claims this change was possibly due to many collapsed communist systems as well as many new trade alliances being formed. Finally the fifth contribution towards the formation of the modern international political structure was the formation of international bodies that were able to enforce laws on many leaders of states. This in turn meant that this international body could theoretically directly control state actions.
In this chapter Shively also discusses two case studies that relate to the idea of international and global politics. The first one being “An Internal Failure: Rwanda”. Rwanda is a small and heavily populated country in Africa that is home to two groups of people: The Tutsis and the Hutu. The Tutsis were the minority only making up about 16 percent of the population yet they controlled all of the nation’s politics. The Hutu made up the remaining 84 percent of the population and they were simply farmers (Shively 416). After the country gained its independence in 1962 it suffered from a series of conflicts between the two tribes which ultimately led to the Hutu violently gaining control of the state. The Hutu were ferocious aggressors towards the Tutsis and killed them in extremely violent ways, such as cutting the feet off their enemies (Shively 417). This violence ultimately reached the level of genocide,.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
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Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
2. Introduction:
An international organization is an organization with an international
membership, scope, or presence.
An international organization is “a body that promotes voluntary cooperation
and coordination between or among its members.
There are two main types:
International non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
An international non-governmental organization (INGO) has the same
mission as a non-governmental organization (NGO), but it is international in
scope and has outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many
countries.
Some INGOs are operational(primary purpose is to foster the community-
based organizations within each country via different projects and operations)&
some are advocacy-based( primary purpose is to influence the policy-making of
different countries’ governments regarding certain issues or promote the
awareness of a certain issue).
3. TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
1) International Non-
Governmental Organizations
Non-governmental organizations
(NGO) whose operate independently.
Internationally non-profit
organizations
Not affiliated with governments
Nevertheless play an important role in
international politics
Examples:
Indian Red Cross
Amnesty international
Save the Children
4. Types Of
International
Organizations
Inter-governmental
organizations (IGOs)
An IGO is an organization
composed primarily of sovereign
states(member states), or of other
intergovernmental organizations.
IGOs are established by treaty or
other agreement that acts as a
charter(grant of authority/rights)
creating the group. Examples
include the United Nations, the
World Bank, or the European
Union.
5. 2) INTERNATIONAL
GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS
An IGO is an organization composed
primarily of sovereign states, or of other
intergovernmental organizations.
IGOs form when governments make an
agreement or band together.
Examples:
European Union (EU)
United Nations (UN)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
6. History
The first and oldest intergovernmental
organization is the Central Commission for
Navigation on the Rhine, created in 1815 by
the Congress of Vienna.
The Congress of Vienna was convened in
1815 by the four European powers which had
defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to
establish a new balance of power in Europe
which would prevent imperialism within
Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and
maintain the peace between the great
powers. The second goal was to prevent
political revolutions, such as the French
Revolution, and maintain the status quo.
7. continue
It was a conference of ambassadors of European states
chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von
Metternich, and held in Vienna from September 1814 to
June 1815. The objective of the Congress was to
provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling
critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary
Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not
simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main
powers so they could balance each other off and remain
at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use
for republicanism or revolution. France lost all its recent
conquests, while Prussia, Austria and Russia made
major territorial gains. Prussia added smaller German
states in the west and 40% of the Kingdom of Saxony;
Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy.
Russia gained parts of Poland. The new Kingdom of the
Netherlands had been created just months before, and
included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830
becameBelgium.
8. Problems of The Congress of
Vienna
Disagreement between Russia and
Prussia on the one hand and Britain and
Austria on the other about boundary
provisions in Eastern Europe led to a
threat of renewed hostilities. The new
French government, under the restored
Bourbon dynasty in the person of King
Louis XVIII, was enlisted as an ally by
the British. France was invited to send a
representative to the Congress of Vienna
and was, thereafter, involved as the fifth
great power of the Grand Alliance.
Agreement was reached avoiding war
9. The League of Nations, 1920
The League of Nations was an
international organization,
headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland, created after the First
World War to provide a forum for
resolving international disputes.
Though first proposed by President
Woodrow Wilson as part of his
Fourteen Points plan for an equitable
peace in Europe, the United States
never became a member.
10.
11. Why the League Failed
After the Abyssinian crisis, the League gradually died:
Italy left the League in 1937. Few other countries left
the League, but all of them realised that it had failed -
instead they began to re-arm as fast as possible.
During 1938, Britain and France tried a new policy -
'appeasement' (negotiating directly with Hitler); this
failed in 1939 when Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia.
When war broke out in 1939, the League closed down;
its headquarters in Geneva remained empty throughout
the war.
In 1943 - at a Conference in Tehran - America, Britain
and Russia agreed to set up a new international
organisation (the 'United Nations') when the war
finished.
On 12 April 1946, the League met in Geneva and
formally abolished itself. The British delegate, Robert
Cecil, said: 'The League is dead. Long live the United
Nations'.
12. United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an international
organization created in 1945, shortly after the
end of WWII. The UN was formed by 51
countries in order to encourage resolution of
international conflicts without war and to form
policies on international issues. Like most
organizations, the UN was formed in order to
meet certain goals and purposes. Article I of
the Charter of United Nations specifies the
purposes of the UN. The Charter of United
Nations (UN Charter) is the UN's governing
document, much like the Constitution of the
United States of America.
13.
14.
15. The purpose of International
Organizations
Relationships and interdependencies countries in the new
era, organizations require that their countries through
established relationships and controlled. Governments in
these international organizations or objectives have been
met, further cooperation will be provided. In this context, we
are witnessing the emergence of such needs and
international organizations in the sphere of politics and
international relations of the nineteenth century as well. «1»
3. maintaining peace and international security by the major
powers and control of two important international organization
"League of Nations" and "United Nations" So powerful and
victorious needs of countries at war to maintain peace and
international security, so that ensure their interests, came into
existence.
16. Continue
The League of Nations and the United Nations, in fact,
meeting the victorious nations who want to be effective
in international politics, so that they are the mainstay of
international peace and security. In the community of
nations, powerful five-member "executive council" and
decisions about peace and war with them. At the United
Nations, the five veto powers and permanent members
of the Security Council. Decisions related to peace and
international security relies on the will of powerful
states.
Stated goals of these organizations, although
maintaining international peace and security, but by
analyzing the mechanism of peacekeeping, to the
conclusion that the main goal, controlling and guiding
international relations and global politics in the interests
of big powers
17. Conclusion
An international organization is “a body
that promotes voluntary cooperation and
coordination between or among its
members”
But some times they are doing opposite of
the aim of established for it.
