The United Nations (UN) was founded in 1945 to replace the League of Nations and promote international cooperation. It has six main administrative bodies: the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice, Trusteeship Council, and Secretariat. The UN works to maintain peace and security, protect human rights, and cooperate on issues like health, development, and the environment through various specialized agencies. While the UN has had some successes, it also faces challenges in areas like terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and responding to humanitarian crises due to veto powers and members' unwillingness to intervene. Overall, the UN aims to prevent war and create conditions for global peace and prosperity.

1. ENHANCHING PROFESSIONAL CAPACITIES(EPC-
1)
CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING OF ICT
APresentation
On
THE ROLE OF UNO
SESSIONAL WORK 2021-22
Presented By : SRADHANJALI PANDA
Class : B.ED 2ND YEAR (ARTS)
College Roll. No. : B.ED20-078
Exam Roll. No. : 6620022
Registration No. :

2. WELCOME

3. CONTENT
◈ INTRODUCTION
◈ CREATION OF UNO
◈ GENERAL INFORMATION OF UNO
◈ OBJECTIVES
◈ PRINCIPLES OF UNO
◈ PURPOSES OF UNO
◈ SIX ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES
◈ VARIOUS AGENCIES OF UNO
◈ ROLE OF UNO
◈ SUCCESS OF UNO
◈ FAILURES OF UNO
◈ CONCLUSION

5. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS THE UNO ?
The UN is an international organization
that aims to promote peace and
understanding between nations.
◈ The UN was founded on 24th October 1945 after World War II to
replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and
to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary
organizations to carry out its missions.
◈ The present members of UNO – 193 countries.

6. CREATION OF UNO
◈ JANUARY 1ST, 1942. THE NAME ‘ UNITED NATION”
COINED
◈ COINED BY US PRESIDENT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT.
◈ DURING 2ND WORLD WAR
◈ 26 NATIONS PLEDGED THEIR GOVERNMENT TO CONTINUE
FIGHTING AGAINST POWERS.

7. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT UNITED NATION
UN HEADQUARTERS: The permanent headquarters of the UN
since 1952, are New York. The first meeting of the General
Assembly was held here in October 1952.
UN FLAG: The white UN emblem is superimposed on light blue
background. The emblem consist of the global map projected
from the North Pole and embraced in twin olive branches (symbol
of peace). The UN flag is not to be subordinated to any other flag
of the world.
FLAG OF UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS

8. OBJECTIVES
◈ MAINTAINING PEACE AND SECURITY
◈ DEVELOPING FRIENDLY RELATIONSHIP
◈ SOLVING INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS
◈ PROVIDING BASICS HUMAN RIGHTS

9. PRINCIPLES OF UNO
◈ THE ORGANIZATION OF UN IS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF
THE EQUALITY OF ITS MEMBERS.
◈ MEMBERS SHALL SETTLE INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE BY
PEACEFUL MEANS.
◈ ALL MEMBERS SHALL REFRAIN FROM THREAT OF USE OF
FORCE AGAINST ANY STATE.
◈ ALL MEMBERS SHALL ASSIST THE UN IN ANYACTION IT
TAKES AGAINST STATE THAT IS AN OFFENDER.
◈ UN IS NOT EMPOWERED TO INTERVENE IN THE DOMESTIC
AFFAIRS OF ANY STATE.

10. PURPOSES OF UN
◈ Maintaining international peace and security.
◈ Developing friendly relations among nations.
◈ Cooperate in solving international, economic, social,
cultural and humanitarian problems.
◈ And to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of
nations.

11. The organization is divided into
administrative bodies, including the
1) General Assembly,
2) Security Council,
3) Economic and Social
Council,
4) International Court of Justice
5) Trusteeship council
6) Secretariat

12. General Assembly
◈ The General Assembly has
representatives in it from all
of the member countries.
◈ They discuss issues and
draft resolutions (documents
suggesting actions for the
UN and participating
countries to take).
◈ The General Assembly also
includes various councils,
panels, and working groups
that focus on current world
issues.

13. Security Council
The Security Council votes on resolutions created by the
General Assembly and decides whether or not to put an
action/resolution into place. Each member of the Security
Council gets one vote.
◈ Five permanent members: US, Britain, France, Russia, and
China. If any of these members vote against a measure it is
vetoed.
◈ Ten non-permanent members: Azerbaijan, Arjentina,
Australia, Guatemala, Republic of Korea, Morocco, Togo,
Pakistan, Rwanda and Luxembourg.
◈ Non-permanent members are selected from the General
Assembly and serve a 2 year term on the Security Council.

14. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
◈ This group focuses on issues
that impact the world and
various countries economically
and socially (this can be
anything from drug trafficking,
to rain forest destruction).
◈ There are many specialized
committees within this council.
◈ Each member of this council
has one vote, a simple majority
is needed to pass a resolution.

15. International Court of Justice
◈ The court is located in
the Netherlands and has
15 justices. It’s purpose
is to settle disputes
between nations. It also
advises UN committees
regarding international
law.
◈ The court can only
reside over states that
are willing to participate
in the legal proceedings.

16. Trusteeship Council
◈ One of the principal organs of the United Nations, was
established to help ensure that trust territories were
administered in the best interests of their inhabitants
and of international peace and security

17. Secretariat
◈ The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-
General, assisted by a staff of international civil
servants worldwide. It provides studies, information,
and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their
meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the
Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic
and Social Council, and other UN bodies.
The Current Secretary-General,
António Guterres

18. Various Agencies of UN
◈ World Health Organization(WHO),
◈ United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)
◈ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization(UNESCO)
◈ International Labour Organization(ILO)
◈ World Bank Group(WB)
◈ International Monetary Fund(IMF)
◈ World Trade Organization (WTO)

19. Various Agencies of UN Continue…
◈ World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized agency of the
United Nations (UN), with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO was established in 1948. The services of the agency may be
either advisory or technical. Advisory services include aid in training
medical personnel and in giving knowledge of various diseases.
◈ United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF), agency of UN devoted
to the welfare of children. The organization was established in 1946
to help children in post-World War 2 European and China. UNİCEF
currently focuses on establishing programs that give long-term
benefits to children everywhere.
◈ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization(UNESCO), Its purpose is to contribute to peace and
security by promoting international collaboration through education,
science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice,
the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom
proclaimed in the UN Charter.

20. Various Agencies of UN Continue…
◈ International Labour Organization(ILO),improve working
conditions and employment agencies.
◈ World Bank Group(WB), It is the largest and most famous
development bank in the world and is an observer at the United
Nations Development Group. The bank's mission is to reduce
poverty
◈ International Monetary Fund(IMF), The IMF works to foster
global growth and economic stability. It provides policy advice and
financing to members in economic difficulties and also works with
developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability
and reduce poverty.
◈ World Trade Organization (WTO), The World Trade Organization
(WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the
rules of trade between nations.

21. Role of the UN

22. Assurance of Peace
◈ After two devastating world wars, the assurance of
peace and international security form the central tasks
of the world organisation, whereby the endeavour is to
learn lessons from the failed attempt to set up a
collective security system under the League of Nations
in the period between the wars.

23. Protection of Human Rights
◈ The genocide and the crime against humanity of the
Hitler regime in particular, form the background for the
second major field of tasks for the United Nations: the
protection of human rights and the continued
development of public international law.

24. Environmental Protection
◈ In the face of global problems such as the greenhouse
effect and the ozone hole, environmental protection has
been added to this as an additional field of tasks in
recent times.

25. It guarantees six fundamental rights:
1. Right to equality.
2. Right to freedom.
3. Right against exploitation.
4. Right to freedom of religion.
5. Cultural and educational rights.
6. Right to constitutional remedies.

26. Success of UNO on world
PROMOTING AND PROTECTING HUMAN
RIGHTS
◈ Political, civil, economic, social and cultural rights.
◈ Promoted human rights of children, women, refugees,
indigenous people
◈ UN high commissioner for human rights (UNHCR)
established by the general assembly

27. HEALTH CARE
◈ The joint United Nations programmed on HIV/ AIDS
(UNAIDS). It provides universal access to HIV
Prevention and treatment services .

28. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
TREATY
◈ United Nations framework convention
on climate change (UNFCCC),
International Environmental Treaty.
OBJECTIVES
◈ To Stabilize Greenhouse gas
concentration in the atmosphere at a
level that would prevent dangerous
and anthropogenic interference with
the climate system.
◈ Human activities are the primary cause
for climate changes.

29. FAILURES OF UNITED NATIONS
TERRORISM
◈ Beginning of modern terrorism in 1968.
◈ U.N. failed to take actions and failed to make stay
secure from this act.
NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION
◈ At the creation of the UN in 1945, the United State was
in the world to own and test nuclear Weapons.
◈ The failure of the Non- Proliferation treaty leads UN to
their Inhability.

30. CHILD ABUSE
◈ Numerous number of cases in 1990.
◈ Countries involve Are
◈ BOSNIA, KOSOVA, COMBODIA, HAITI, AND
MOZAMBIC
VETO POWER
◈ The united Nations security council consists of fifteen
nations.
◈ Most use of vetoes by china and Russia leads to
international intervention.
◈ Syrian Civil War began, An estimated 60, 000 civilians
have been killed

31. UN peacekeeping operations
◈ At present, there are 90,000 UN peacekeepers serving
all over the world.
◈ The first ever UN peacekeeping mission established in
the Middle East in 1948 is still continuing

32. Development on International Law
◈ The International Law Commission: established by the
General Assembly in 1947, is the primary institution
responsible for these activities.
◈ Promoting the codification of international law.
◈ Solving problems within both public and private
international law.

33. CONCLUSION
Since 1945, UN has helped in removing conflicts
and foster reconciliation by conducting successful
peacekeeping operations in dozens of countries. It has
been creating conditions to allow peace and tranquility.
The central purpose of UNO is to prevent the scourge of
war through a commitment to collective security and
human right.

34. ANY QUERIES
? ? ?

35. Thank you