The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars. It has six main organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat. The Security Council works to maintain peace and security, while other agencies focus on human rights, development, and other issues. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the Security Council passed resolutions demanding Iraq's immediate withdrawal.

3. WHAT IS THE UNO ?
The UN is an international organization
that aims to promote peace and
understanding between nations.
●The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of
Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for
dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its
missions.

5. UN HEADQUARTERS:-
The permanent headquarters of the UN since 1952, are New York. The first
meeting of the General Assembly was held here in October 1952.
UN FLAG:-
The white UN emblem is superimposed on light blue background. The
emblem consist of the global map projected from the North Pole and
embraced in twin olive branches (symbol of peace). The UN flag is not to be
subordinated to any other flag of the world.
UNITED NATIONS
FLAG OF UNITED NATIONS

6. UN OFFICIAL LANGUAGES:-
There are six official working languages recognised by the United Nations.
They are Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish and Arabic.
UN FINANCES:-
Contributions of member states constitute the main source of funds for the
regular budget. A state’s share is primarily determined by its total national
income in relation to that of the member states.
MEMBERSHIP:-
Membership of the United Nations is open to all peace loving nations which
accept the obligations of its charter and in the judgement of the organization,
are able and willing to carry out these obligations. Members may be
suspended or expelled by the General Assembly on the recommendation of
the Security Council.

7. 1) Maintain international peace and security.
2)Developed friendly relations among nations.
3)To Encourage respect for human rights and
the freedom of all the people
4)Cooperate in solving international,
economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
problems.
5)To help fight diseases and preserve the
Environment.

8. To maintain international peace and security
•The main aim is to prevent war
•Disputes discussed in
meetings and efforts made to
find peaceful solutions.
•The UN sends a military force
called the PEACE KEEPING
FORCE to prevent war.

9. it guarantees six fundamental rights:-
1) Right to equality.
2) Right to freedom.
3) Right against exploitation
4) Right to freedom of religion
5) Cultural and educational rights
6) Right to constitutional remedies
To Encourage respect for human rights and the freedom of
all the people.
•All member nations of UN are expected to ensure that
human rights are upheld in their Country.

12. The organization is divided into
administrative bodies,
including the
1) General Assembly,
2) Security Council,
3)Economic and Social
Council,
4) International Court of Justice
5) Trusteeship council
6) Secretariat

13. General Assembly
● The General Assembly has
representatives in it from all of
the member countries.
● They discuss issues and draft
resolutions (documents
suggesting actions for the UN
and participating countries to
take).
● The General Assembly also
includes various councils,
panels, and working groups that
focus on current world issues.

14. Security Council
The Security Council votes on resolutions
created by the General Assembly and decides
whether or not to put an action/resolution
into place.
•Most powerful organ of UN. Council meets
when threat to peace
Each member of the Security Council gets one vote.
●Five permanent members: US, Britain, France,
Russia, and China. If any of these members vote
against a measure it is vetoed.
●Ten non-permanent members: Albania,
Brazil, Gabon, Ghana, India, Ireland,KENYA
,Mexico, Norway, United Arab Emirates.
●Non-permanent members are selected from
the General Assembly and serve a 2 year term
on the Security Council.

15. Economic and Social Council
(ECOSOC)
●This group focuses on issues
that impact the world and
various countries economically
and socially (this can be
anything from drug trafficking,
to rain forest destruction).
●There are many specialized
committees within this
council.
●Each member of this council
has one vote, a simple majority
is needed to pass a resolution.
●It looks after the programmes
related to education, health
and culture. It looks after the
work of agencies that work for

16. International Court of Justice
●The court is located in the
Netherlands and has 15
justices. It’s purpose is to
settle disputes between
nations. It also advises UN
committees regarding
international law.
●The court can only reside
over states that are willing
to participate in the legal
proceedings.

17. Trusteeship Council
●one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was
established to help ensure that trust territories were
administered in the best interests of their inhabitants
and of international peace and security

18. Secretariat
●Staff members who work in UN form the Secretariat.
●It carries out day to day work of UN.
●The head of the secretariat is the SECRETARY
GENERAL.
●He or she carries out the decisions of the security
council, a powerful person
●Chosen for five years by the General Assembly.
●The present Secretary General assumed
The post on 1 January 2017.
The Current Secretary-General, Antonio
Guterres

20. Various Agencies of UN
●World Health Organization(WHO),
●United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)
●United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization(UNESCO)
●Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)
●International Labour Organization(ILO)
● World Bank Group(WB)
●International Monetary Fund(IMF)
●World Trade Organization (WTO)

22. 1)World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized
agency of the United Nations (UN), with headquarters
in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO was established in 1948.
The services of the agency may be either advisory or
technical. Advisory services include aid in training
medical personnel and in giving knowledge of various
diseases. Promotes research in health and medicines.
(Malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS)
2)United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF), agency of
UN devoted to the welfare of children. The
organization was established in 1946 to help children in
post-World War 2 European and China.UNİCEF
currently focuses on establishing programs that give
long-term benefits to children everywhere for food,
health and education needs.

23. 3)United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization(UNESCO,1946), Its purpose is to contribute to
peace and security by promoting international collaboration
through education, science, and culture in order to further
universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human
rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the UN
Charter.
4)International Labour Organization(ILO),improve working
conditions and employment agencies.
5)World Bank Group(WB), It is the largest and most famous
development bank in the world and is an observer at the United
Nations Development Group. The bank's mission is to reduce
poverty
6)International Monetary Fund(IMF), The IMF works to foster
global growth and economic stability. It provides policy advice
and financing to members in economic difficulties and also works
with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic
stability and reduce poverty.
7)World Trade Organization (WTO), The World Trade
Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization
dealing with the rules of trade between nations.

25. RoleoftheUN

26. 20
Assurance of Peace
● After two devastating world wars, the assurance of peace
and international security form the central tasks of the
world organisation, whereby the endeavour is to learn
lessons from the failed attempt to set up a collective
security system under the League of Nations in the period
between the wars

27. 21
Protection of Human Rights
● The genocide and the crime against humanity of the
Hitler regime in particular, form the background for
the second major field of tasks for the United Nations:
the protection of human rights and the continued
development of public international law.

28. 22
Economic and Social Development
● Economic and social development makes up the
third major field of tasks for the United Nations.
Peace, in the sense of the negative peace, is not just
understood as an absence of war, but, in the sense
of positive peace, also encompasses questions of
worldwide development and justice

29. 23
Environmental Protection
● In the face of global problems such as the
greenhouse effect and the ozone hole,
environmental protection has been added to this as
an additional field of tasks in recent times.

30. 25
UN Performance
●During the Cold War
●Low Point 1970s-1980s
●End of the Cold War

31. 26
Cold War Period
● Any cooperation was difficult due to East-West
conflicts
● Activities limited to areas where major powers not
affected
● 1950 beginning of Peace Keeping Mission
● Issues on North-South gained momentum

32. 27
Period of 1970s-1980s
● Securing Peace: UN failed in a series of peace
keeping missions
● A period of deep crisis, UN failed to prevent conflicts
or find solutions to conflicts in Nicaragua, West
Sahara, Cambodia, Afghanistan, and Iran-Iraq war

33. 28
The End of Cold War
● UN was back at center stage again
● End of ideological war made cooperation and conflict
resolution easier
● Iraq/Kuwait conflict was through UN

35. What did the United Nations do when
Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990?
●On August 2, the day of the invasion, the Security
Council passes the following resolution calling for
Iraq to withdraw unconditionally from Kuwait

36. Resolution 660 (1990)
2 August 1990
The Security Council,
Alarmed by the invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 by
the military forces of Iraq
Determining that there exists a breach of international
peace and security as regards the Iraqi invasion of
Kuwait
Acting under Articles 39 and 40 of the Charter of the
United Nations,
1. Condemns The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
2. Demands that Iraq withdraw immediately and
unconditionally all its forces to the positions in which
they were located on 1 August 1990
3. Calls upon Iraq and Kuwait to begin immediately
intensive negotiations for the resolution of their
differences and supports all efforts in this regard, and
especially those of the League of Arab states
4. Decides to meet again as necessary to consider
further steps to ensure compliance with the present
resolution

37. UN peacekeeping operations
● At present, there are 90,000 UN
peacekeepers serving all over
the world.
● The first ever UN
peacekeeping mission
established in the Middle East
in 1948 is still continuing

38. Today, peace and security are not longer viewed only in terms of absence of
military conflicts but the common interests of human- kind. Over the years the
General Assembly has helped to promote peaceful relations among nations by
adopting several resolutions and declarations on peace, the peaceful
settlement of disputes and international cooperation in strengthening peace.
UN played effective peace making role in Afghanistan, Somalia, crisis in
former Yugoslav Republics, Kosovo, Middle East (Arabs, Israel conflict),
Angola, Congo, Rwanda, and in Gulf crisis.

40. Development on İnternational Law
●The İnternational Law Commission: established
by the General Assembly in 1947, is the primary institution
responsible for these activities.
❖ Promoting the codification of international law.
❖ Solving problems within both public and private
international law.

41. Thanks for your listening!
Hamdi Furkan GÜNAY