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Malvaceae

The Malvaceae family consists of 250 genera and 4230 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs. It includes important fiber plants like cotton and jute, as well as food plants like cacao and okra. Flowers are bisexual and actinomorphic, with 5 sepals, 5 petals, and a syncarpous gynoecium. Fruits include capsules, schizocarps, and berries. The family has significant economic importance as a source of fiber, food, wood, and ornamental plants.

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MalvaceaeMallow Family
250 genera4230 species
Consists of hermaphroditic, rarely monoecious or polygamous trees, shrubs or herbsOften with either stellatetrichomes or peltate scalesEudicot
LeavesSimple or palmatelycoumpoundSometime lobed to dividedPalmately or pinnately veinedUsually spiral and stipulateStipules often caducousCaducous- falling early before associated organs are mature
InflorescenceSolitaryPaired flowerCymelikeComplex (sometimes)
FlowerBisexual (rarely Unisexual)most ActinomorphicEpicalyx typically presentHypogynous (situated below the ovary)
PerianthBiseriate (arranged in two rows)Petals alternating with sepals
CalyxAposepalous (distinct sepals)Basally synsepalous (flowers with fused sepals)5 [less often 3 or 4]Valvate sepals (meeting without overlapping)
CorollaApopetalous (distinct, separate petals)Sometmesadnate to the base of an androecium tubeRarely absent5 [3, 4]Clawed, convolute, valvate or imbricate petals
Stamen5 ∞Filaments usually connateEither as tube surrounding the ovary or bundles of stamens or a tube bearing bundles
Anthers & PollenAnther: longitudinal or poricidal (through pores) dehiscencePollen: spinulose or smooth
GynoeciumSyncarpous (carpels connate into single unit)Superior ovary2 ∞ carpels2 ∞ [1] locules
Style, Placentation & NectariesStyle: Unlobed, lobed or branched at apexPlacentation: axileNectaries: consists of glandular trichomes typically present at the adaxial base of the calyx
Fruit & SeedsFruits:LoculicidalSepticidalIndehiscent capsuleSchizocarp of mericarpsRarely berry or samaraSeeds:Exalbuminous (no endosperm) orEndorspermous (oily and starchy endosperm)
Economic ImportanceFiber Plants:Gossypium spp. (cotton, world’s most important plant)Ceibapentandra (kapok)Corchorus spp. (jute, source of burlap)Food and Flavoring PlantsTheobroma cacao (cacao, source of chocolate)Cola nitida(cola)Abelmoschus (okra)Duriozibethinus (Durian)
Economic ImportanceWoodOchromapyramidale(balsa)Pachiraaquatica (money tree)OrnamentalBrachychitonDombeyaFremontodendronHibiscus (mallows)Tilia (linden tree)
PICTURES 
PICTURES  (DURIAN)