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Ranunculaceae

This document discusses the Ranunculaceae family and some crude drugs derived from plants in this family. It provides background on the Ranunculaceae family, describing that it includes over 2,000 species of herbs, shrubs and trees found mainly in temperate regions. It then profiles 4 crude drugs - Aconitum napellus, Hydrastis canadensis, Delphinium species, and Anemone pulsatilla - listing their botanical origins, parts used, active constituents and traditional medicinal uses.

Health & Medicine◦
Ranunculaceae Family & Crude Drugs mubashramahmood2001@gmail.com eshu.chaudhry55@gmail.com manzoorsanam4@gmail.com
Presented By: Name Roll no Esha-tu-Razia 09 Hadia Shahid 14 Mubashra Mehmood 24 Sanam Manzoor 30 Minahil Ejaz 43
Ranunculaceae Family & Crude Drugs
Ranunculaceae General Information: Ranunculaceae is also known as buttercup family that grow in shady wooden areas of the north temperature zone. Most members of the family have bisexual flowers which can be showy or inconspicuous. Flowers are solitary, but are also found aggregated in cymes, panicles or spikes. Number of genera: The family include 62 genera and comprises about 2,252 species. Characters of Ranunculaceae: A. Diagonostic Characters: Herbs, leaves exstipulate, incised blades, sheathing bases, flowers hypogynous , spiral or spirocyclic; sepals often decidous, usually petaloid; calyx and corolla free; stamens indefinite, free; carpels polycarpellary, apocarpous; fruit aggregate.
B. Vegetative Characters: Habit: The plants are annual or perennial herbs or a climbing shrubs (Clematis, Naravelia), rarely trees. They perennate by means of tuberous roots ( Aconitum) or rhizomes. Root: Tap root, adventitious or tuberous ( Ranunculus spp. And Aconitum). The tap root system is in the initial stage but sooner or later replaced by the adventitious roots. Stem: Herbaceous, in some climbing (Clematis) or underground rhizome or erect, branched. Leaves: Generally simple, alternate, or opposite (Clematis) exstipulate rarely stipulate (Thalictrum), sheathing leaf base, petiolate rarely sessile (Delphinium). In some aquatic species leaves may show dimorphy (Ranunculus aquatilis); unicostate or multicostate reticulate venation.
C. Floral Character Inflorescence: Solitary terminal (Anemone), axillary (Clematis), raceme (Aconitum, Delphinium) and cymose (Ranunculus spp.). Flower: Pedicellate, ebracteate rarely bracteate, hermaphrodite, (unisexual in Thalictrum). Mostly actinomorphic (Ranunculus) rarely zygomorphic (Delphinium and Aconitum) hypogynous, complete, pentamerous. Calyx: There is distinction of calyx and corolla in most of the flowers. Sepals 5, caducous, polysepalous, petaloid, imbricate or valvate aestivation. Corolla:
Petals 5, polypetalous, variously coloured, caducous or wanting; nectaries present at the base of petals. Petals are united to form spur (Delphinium).
Androecium: Stamens indefinite, polyandrous, spirally arranged on the thalamus, inferior; anther, extrose and adnate. Gynoecium: Polycarpellary (one carpel in Delphinium and 3 to 5 in Aconitum), apocarpous rarely syncarpous (Nigellla), ovary superior, marginal placentation (axile in Nigella). Fruit: Aggregate, etario of achenes (Ranunculus), etario of follicle (Aconitum), follicle (Delphinium), septicidal capsule (Nigella) or berry (Actaea), etario of drupes (Adonis), etario of berries (Hydrastic) and simple pod (Xanthorhiza). Seed: Small, oily and endospermic.
Pollination: Generally entomophilous (Delphinium, Aconitum, Aquilegia) and anemophilous in Thalictrum. Floral Formula:
Economic Importance Of Ranunculaceae: 1. Ornamental plants: Most plants are cultivated for their beautiful flowers like buttercup etc. 2.Medicinal plants: Some members are used as medicinal plants. Aconitum yields an alkaloid aconitina. Thallicirom yields mamira. It is used in the treatment of opthalmia. 3.Condiments: Some members are used as condiments. For example, seeds of nigella. It is also used as drug. 4.Weeds: Some members are need like R. Antriccaus.
5. Importance of Honey: Most members of this family have nectaries. F lic nectaries have a great importance for honey bees. 6.Poisonous species: Some members of this family produce acrid juice. It is highly poisonous.
Crude Drug Aconitum napellus Botanical Origin: Aconitum napellus Common Name: Aconite Roots Mitha Zahar Part used: Dried roots Habit: Perennial herb Habitat: It occurs in the mountain of England, Germany, Himalaya & Asia.
Active Constituents: Aconitine Hypoconitine Pseudoconitine Mesaconitine Lycaconitine Aconine Medicinal Used: Local analgesic Antipyretic Anti-neuralgic Liniments
2. Crude Drug Hydrastis Botanical Origin: Hydrastic Canadensis Common Name: Golden Seal Yellow Puccoon Part used: Dried roots & Rhizome Habit: Perennial herb Habitat: It occur in USA, Canada, North Carolina & Washington
Active Constituents: Hydrastine Berberine Canadine Medicinal used: Sedatives Spasmolytic Stimulant Bacteriostatic Bactericidal Vasoconstricting Hemostatic
3. Crude Drug Larkspur Botanical Origin: Delphinium ajacis Deliphinium denudatum Common Name: Larkspur Part used: Dried roots & seeds Habit: Annual herb Habitat: It occur mainly in central Europe. Active Constituents: Ajacin Ajaconine Ajacinine Dephinine
Medicinal Used: Parasiticidal Anodyne (pain killer)
4. Crude Drug Pulsatilla Botanical origin: Anemone pulsatilla Pulsatilla vulgaris Common name: Wind Flower Part used: Dried whole herb Habit: Perennial herb Habitat: It occur mainly in central & southern Europe. Active Constituents: Lectons Lectonic Glucoside Protoanemonin Anemonine
Medicinal used: Antibacterial Local irritant
Trease & Evans Pharmacognosy