The document summarizes information about two plants from the Papaveraceae family: Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) and Papaver somniferum (opium poppy). It provides details on their botanical names, parts used, sensory characteristics, major chemical constituents, uses, and dosages. Both plants contain alkaloids with medicinal properties. Bloodroot contains sanguinarine and is used as an emetic and expectorant. Opium poppy contains morphine, codeine, and thebaine and its latex is used as an analgesic, sedative, and to treat diarrhea.

1. Papaveraceae
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2. Contents
Family Papaveraceae
1st Plant Sanguinaria Canadensis (Bloodroot)
Names (Botanical, Common, English)
sensory characteristics, Uses and Chemical constituents
2nd Plant Papaver somniferum (Opium Poppy)
Names (Botanical, Common, English)
sensory characteristics, Uses and Chemical constituents

3. Also poppy family
Papaveraceae
• Many plants in the Papaveraceae are economically important plants, widely grown for their
attractive flowers.
• Papaveraceae plants are mostly herbaceous. It comprises comprising about 44 genera and 770
species
• HABIT: The plants may be annual, biennial, or perennial herbs with milky or yellowish latex.
• HABITAT: It is widely distributed all over the temperate regions. Most species are found in
Northern hemispheres.

4. Bloodroot
01
Sanguinaria Canadensis

5. Sanguinaria canadensis also known as
Blood Root is a traditional medicine
used by native Americans to treat a
diverse range of clinical conditions.
 Pharmacognostical literature:
• Scientific name: Sanguinaria canadensis
• Family: Papaveraceae
• Common Name: Blood root, Red root, Blood Wort
• Part used: Dried rhizomes and roots
• Habit: Perennial herb
• Habitat: It is found growing in moist to dry woods and
thickets, often on floodplains and near shores or streams on
slopes.Countrywise it is mainly found in Canada and USA.

6. Sanguinaria Canadensis
SECONDARY CHARACTERISTICS
It is a stemless, rhizomatous wildflower.
Each flower stalk produces a solitary, 2 wide, 8-10 petaled, 1.5"diameter,
White flower, with numerous yellow center stamens.
 MEDICINAL USES:
• Emetic
• Expectorant
• Extract is used as tooth paste in gingivi and periodical diseases.It is toxic if taken in large
• doses(more than 125mg)
• It is anti-microbial,anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory in its action.

7. Sanguinaria Canadensis
 Dosage:
• Insufficient research exists on bloodroot to prescribe specific dosages for its potential
• treatments.
• Test-tube studies indicate that the alkaloid sanguinarine in bloodroot is safest and most
• effective at levels below 5 mg.
• Not safe for Childrens.
 Precautions:
Bloodroot has several concerning side effects and may interact with some drugs.
• It’s best to avoid bloodroot if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Bloodroot’s ability to influence heart contractions makes it unsafe to use
• alongside heart failure medications

8. Sanguinaria Canadensis
 MAJOR CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
The rhizomes contain approximately 3-7% total alkaloid the major alkaloids includes;
Chemical Constituents
Alkaloids
(Primarily in the
rhizome)
Sanguinarine Chelerythrine
chelirubine sanguirubine
chelilutine protopine
Other
constituents
Starch Resin

9. Sanguinarine Chelerythrine
chelirubine sanguirubine

10. chelilutine
protopine

11. Opium Poppy
02
Papaver somniferum

12. INTRODUCTION:
Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) is the source of several pharmaceutical
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids including morphine, codine and sanguinarine.
Moreover, other Papaver species also contain compounds with medicinal
implications, such as alkaloid, essential oil, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid and
phenylpropanoid.
Opium Poppy
• Scientific Name: Papaver somniferum
• English Name: Opium poppy, Dried opium and Gum opium.
• Common Name: breadseed poppy, Post afim.
• Family: Papaveraceae
• Part Used: Dried milky latex obtained by the incision from unripe capsule (fruit).
• Habit: It is an annual herb.
• Habitat: It is grown and obtained Turkey, India, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan.

13. Opium Poppy
 COLLECTION
• OCT-MARCH
• Unripe capsules are incised longitudinally up to 1mm depth.
• Latex turns brown when come in contact with air.
 MEDICINAL USES:
• Opium & Morphine: Relieve pain
• Hypnotics (affect the sensory nerve cells of the cerebrum).
• Opium (closely resembles morphine) - exerts action more slowly - preferable to morphine (e.g in
• diarrhoea).
• Opium: also a diaphoretic

14. • SECONDARY CHARACTERISTICS:
It is an annual herb growing to about 100 cm (40 inches) tall.
The plant is strongly glaucous, giving a greyish green appearance and the stems
and leaves bear a sparse destribution of coarse hairs.
The large leaves are loved, the upper stem leaves clasping the stem, the lowest
leaves with a short petiole.
Opium Poppy

15. Chemical Constituents
Benzyl isoquinoline type.
• Morphine is Pseudo or oxymorphine
• Codeine is an ether of morphine and is used medicinally
• Thebaine belongs to phenantherene ring system

16. Chemical Constituents
Phthalide Isoquinoline Type:
● Noscapine
● Narceine
● Narcotoline
Narcotoline
Narceine
Noscapine

17. Chemical Constituents
• Meconic acid (free and in combination with morphine)
• Sugars
• Salts
• Albumins
• Colouring matter
Meconic acid

18. Uses
It is used as medicine in many clinical conditions but here
are some common of these,
• Analgesic
• Sedative
• Anti-tussive.
• Treat intestinal stomach spasms and respiratory
spasms triggered by asthma attacks
• Used as Hypnotic, sedative, Astringent,
Antispasmodic.

19. Uses
• Treat diarrhea and abdominal cramping
• Relax involuntary muscles
• Poppy seed oil is used as vehicle for parentrals
• Poppy seeds relieve constipation as the contain a lot of dietary fiber
• They relieve mouth ulcers
• Poppy seeds help to lower the cholesterol levels, maintain bone health, combat skin infections.
• Also effects in pain processing areas of brain.
Mechanism of Action
Morphine:
Morphine binds to opioid receptors present on surface of nerve cells and sets off chain of reactions
inside the cell and causes cell membrane to be less excitable.
This means that the nerve impulses are not generated as the nerve cell becomes sluggish.
• It can also dull pain by silencing nerves in spine that carry pain signals.
• Therefore morphine causes analgesia, drowsiness, euphoria, respiratory depression,nausea,
depressed cough reflex.

20. Dose
Adults= 0.6mL (4 times a day)
Children= Not recommended
Over Dose
• Over Dose may lead to nausea, vomiting, thirst, cold skin, anxiety, blurred vision,
hallucinations, depression, lethargy, seizures, respiratory and circulatory spasms, coma and
death
• A lethal dose can be as low as 300mg
• Continual usage may lead to physical and psychological addiction
• Opium produces soothing blissful and dream like effects
• Effects may last upto 8 hours at almost constant strength.

21.  Do not take Opium if patient is having:
• Asthma
• Emphysema
• Abnormal heart rhythm
• Liver problems
• Kidney diseases
• Seizures
• Underactive Thyroid
• Abnormally Low B.P
• Opium will add to effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that make you
drowsy or less alert) such as antihistamines, sedatives, barbiturates, medicines used for
allergies etc.
Precautions

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