This document discusses non-malignant lymphocyte disorders, including both acquired and congenital quantitative disorders. It provides details on specific acquired disorders that can cause lymphocytosis such as infectious mononucleosis, toxoplasmosis, infectious lymphocytosis, Bordetella, and leukemoid reactions. Infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV is described in more detail. The document also briefly mentions conditions that can cause lymphocytopenia such as malnutrition, infections, renal disease, and AIDS.

1. NCS
University System
A Project of NCS Education System
Tanveer Tara
Senior Lecturer
Bachelor of Science in MLT
Masters of Science in Hematology

2. Non Malignant Lymphocyte
disorders.
Acquired and Conjenital
Acquired:Quntative in nature and self limited
reactive process to infection or inflamatory conditions.
Stimulated lymphocytes in infections and inflammatory
conditions are in various stages of activation.
Changes:
Morphological changes,
Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly…….

3. Acquired Quantitative disorders
• Lymphocytosis:
• Increased lymphocytes ALC 4x109/L
• Children 9x109/L
• Peripheral Cells 60% to 80%.
• Causes :
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Infectious Lymphocytosis
• Bordetella
• Lymphocytic Leukomoid Reactions.
• Plasmacytosis

4. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
• Lymphoproliferative cause by EBV.
• Effect young adults 14-24 yeear,
• Children before 4 years of age.
• Transmitted via Saliva ………
• EBV receptors on lympo Cd21.
• Lethargy ,headache ,fever ,chills ,sorethroat
• Commonly known as Kissing disese.

5. Lab diagnosis
• Counts …high 12-25
• Lymphocytes >50/%
• Reactive lymphocytes
• Plasmacytoids cells also present.
• Paul Bunnel test.
• Increased ALT, AST, and lactic acid
dehydrogenase levels in blood
• Jaundice (occurs in about 5% of cases)

6. Infectiousmononucleosis

7. TOXOPLASMOSIS
• A disease caused by toxoplasmas, transmitted
chiefly through undercooked meat, or in soil
or cat feces.
• Symptoms generally pass unremarked in
adults, but infection can be dangerous to
unborn children.
• Cause Jaundice ,Hepatospleenomegaly, and
mentale retardation.

8. Lab diagnosis
• Lymphocytosis
• Reactive lymphocytes.
• Eosinophilia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Toxoplasmosis titre is higher.

9. Infectious lymphocytosis
• Contagious disease of young children.
• Etiology is completely unknown.
• Symptoms:
Mild diarrhea ,gastrointestinal distress,
Respiratory infection,fever,
Headache, vertigo, stiffness of neck.
Pharyngitis ,lymphadenopathy.

10. Investigations.
• Hb
• E S R
• Rbc count
• Platelets count.
• Leucocytosis 40x109 or above
• Lymphocytosis is higher in 1st week and fall in
3rd week..

11. Bordetella
• Bordetella pertusis
• Lymphocytosis
• TLC 15 TO 25X109/L
• Neutrophil is also increased.
• Rapid lymphocytosis is accompained with
lymphnodes.
• Toxic changes may be present in granulocytes.

12. Leukemoid Reaction
• Reactive imature lymps
• Lymphocytosis.
• Condition resembles with CML.
• Adenopathy ,splenomegaly are absent .
• Patient are usally older adults.
• Whooping cough,chickenpox ,tuberculosis.

13. Lymphocytopenia
• A decrease in lymphocytes count
• ADULTS:<1.5X109/L
• Childrens:<2.0x109/L
• Decreased production or increase destruction.
• Cortecosteriods my fall in lymphs.

14. Conditions associated
• Malnutration.
• Acute inflamtory conditions.
• Chronic infections.
• Congenital immune deficiency disease.
• Acute and chronic renal disease.
• Stress.

15. AIDS
• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
• HIV.
• Transmission through sexual contact ,blood ,
or by blood products.
• 17 million people have been infected.
Decreased Lymphocyte's.

16. Test
• Test will be held on Tuesdays