This presentation aims to help medicine undergraduates and post graduates in the department of Pathology and Department of transfusion medicine for better understanding of various blood grouping systems, sub groups, RBC antigens and corresponding antibodies. It also covers the practical aspect of blood grouping and cross matching.
This presentation aims to help medicine undergraduates and post graduates in the department of Pathology and Department of transfusion medicine for better understanding of various blood grouping systems, sub groups, RBC antigens and corresponding antibodies. It also covers the practical aspect of blood grouping and cross matching.
The Compatibility can be determined by matching the different blood group systems, such as ABO and Rh system, and/or by directly testing for the presence of antibodies against a sample of donor tissues or blood.
The main purpose of this test is to distinguish the appearance of antibodies in the recipient against the red blood cells of the donor. These antibodies can be found on the surface of red blood cells of the donor after transfusion.
An inherited blood disorder where red blood cells (RBCs) become sickle/crescent shaped. It causes frequent infections, swelling in the hands and legs, pain, severe tiredness, and delayed growth or puberty.
The Compatibility can be determined by matching the different blood group systems, such as ABO and Rh system, and/or by directly testing for the presence of antibodies against a sample of donor tissues or blood.
The main purpose of this test is to distinguish the appearance of antibodies in the recipient against the red blood cells of the donor. These antibodies can be found on the surface of red blood cells of the donor after transfusion.
An inherited blood disorder where red blood cells (RBCs) become sickle/crescent shaped. It causes frequent infections, swelling in the hands and legs, pain, severe tiredness, and delayed growth or puberty.
Interpretation of Canine Leukocyte Responses Pankaj Gaonkar
Interpreting a leukogram can be a challenging task. One has to interpret both the presence of as well as the degree of the abnormality. Evaluating the leukogram, including a total leukocyte count, a differential leukocyte count, absolute numbers of specific leukocytes and examination of morphology on a blood smear, can help identify abnormalities that may suggest specific diseases such as a viral or bacterial infection or even a neoplastic process.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML )
Tests to be done in order to differentiate CML from other dieases with common clinical features.
It's pathogenesis, clinical presentation and features of diagnostic tests.
Methods of treatment. Prognosis of a disease according to "Sokal" score
Similar to WBC normal and abnormal final.pptx (20)
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
5. Neutrophil
• PMN-Polymorphonuclear
Leucocytes.
• 60-70% WBC
• Appearance: pink granules in
cytoplasm, nucleus has 3-4
lobes
• Function: Phagocytosis of
bacteria
• Azurophilic (1°) granules are
"lysosomes of PMNs", occur
in all leukocytes
6. Eosinophil (Eos)
• Bilobed nucleus
• 2-4% of WBC
• Recruited to sites of
inflammation
• Function: Involved in allergy,
parasitic infections
• Contains: eosinophilic
granules
• Granules contain: major basic
protein
• Terminally differentiated
Azurophilic granuels
7. Basophil
• Circulating form of
mast cells
• Terminally
differentiated
• <1% WBC
• Contains: basophilic
granules
• Granules contain:
histamine and heparin
• IgE receptors
• Involved in allergy
9. lymphocyte
•Appearance: small (same size as
RBCs), little visible cytoplasm
•NO specific granules
• 20-25% of WBC
•T cells: CMI (for viral infections)
• B cells: humoral (antibody)
• Natural Killer Cells
10. Leucocytosis
• Leucocytosis is an increase in the total
white cell count more than 11000/cumm
in adult male and female at normal
physiological condition. It most often
results from an increase in neutrophils
but sometimes from an increase in
lymphocytes and occasionally from an
increase in eosinophils or from the
presence of abnormal myeloid or
lymphoid cells in the blood.
14. NEUTROPHILIA
DEFINATION
• When absolute neutrophil count(ANC) is above
7500/µl or more than 70%neutrophils in the
differential WBC counts(DLC)
CAUSES:
Acute infectionse.g.pneumonia,cholecysitis,meningitis
• Other inflammation e.g.gout, collagen vascular disease
• Acute hemorrhage
• Acute hypoxia,Heat stress
15. Causes of Neutrophilia:
• Metabolic and endocrine disorders, e.g. diabetic
ketoacidosis, acute renal failure, Cushing’s syndrome,
thyrotoxic crisis
• Malignant disease
• Myeloproliferative and leukaemic disorders,,
• neutrophilic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia
(not commonly), other rare leukaemias,
polycythaemia rubra vera,
• chemotherapy, treatment of megaloblastic anaemia
16. Neutropenia
Defination
When absolute neutrophil count(ANC) is less
than 1500/cumm.
Causes :-
• Neutropenia and immune deficiency
syndromes of
• various causes, e.g. cyclical neutropenia,
severe
• congenital neutropenia, chronic idiopathic
neutropenia,
• autoimmune neutropenia
17. Lymphocytosis
Defination:-
• When the differential count of lymphocytes is more
than 40% or absolute lymphocyte count is > than
4000/cumm.
Causes
• Acute infection e.g. pertussis, infectious
mononucleosis, viral hepatitis
• Chronic infection e.g. brucellosis, TB, syphilis
• Hematopoietic disorders e.g.lymphoid leukemia,
lymphosarcoma
• Relative lymphocytosis
18. Lymphocytopenia
Defination:-
• Absolute lymphocyte count below 1500/µm is
referred to as lymphocytopenia.
Common causes:-
• Acute infections
• Severe bone marrow failure
• Corticosteroid and immunosuppresive therapy
• Widespread irradiation
19. More common causes of
Eosinophilia
• Allergic diseases, e.g. atopic eczema, asthma,
allergic rhinitis (hay fever), acute urticaria, allergic
• Parasitic infection e.g. filariasis
• Skin diseases, e.g. pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid,
• Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and other
• Bronchoallergic fungal infections
• Drug hypersensitivity (particularly to gold,
sulphonamides, penicillin, nitrofurantoin) including
24. Toxic granulation
Toxic granulation is found in
severe inflammatory states.
The toxic granules are
azurophilic, usually found in
the promyelocyte,
metamyelocyte, band, and
segmented stages. The toxic
granulation is thought to be
due to impaired cytoplasmic
maturation,in the effort to
rapidly generate large
numbers of granulocytes.
25. L Dohle bodies
• L Dohle bodies are single or
multiple blue cytoplasmic
inclusions. They represent
remnants of rough
endoplasmic reticulum from
earlier maturational stages.
They are associated with
myeloid "left shifts" and are
seen in conjunction with
toxic granulation.
26. Pelger-Huet anomaly
Pelger-Huet anomaly is a congenital
autosomal dominant disorder in which
granulocyte nuclei fail to segment
normally. In the homozygote state the
nucleus is round. In heterozygotes most
granulocytes have bilobed nuclei
("pince-nez" cells) resembling bandsAn
acquired or pseudo-Pelger-Huet
anomaly is seen in myelodysplastic
disorders and following drug therapy,
and may accompany leukemia and
certain infections.
27. The Chediak-Higashi syndrome
The Chediak-Higashi syndrome
is a rare autosomal recessive
condition associated with
abnormally large leukocyte
granules resulting from fusion
of lysozymes. This disorder
may affect granulocytes,
leukocytes, and monocytes.
Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
is defective. Platelets lack
dense granules and platelet
function is abnormal. Giant
melanosomes in occular and
skin tissues result in
hypopigmentation.
28. May-Hegglin anomaly
May-Hegglin anomaly is a
rare autosomal dominant
abnormality characterized by
large pale basophilic
inclusions resembling Dohle
bodies and appear to be
altered RNA. Giant platelets,
and sometimes
thrombocytopenia are
associated with this. The
anomaly is usually benign
but may be associated with
bleeding.
29. The Alder-Reilly anomaly
The Alder-Reilly anomaly is
associated with the genetic
mucopoly- saccharidoses.
Patients with
mucopolysaccharidoses lack
the lysozymal enzymes
necessary to break down
mucopolysaccharides. Dense
azurophilic granules,
resembling toxic granulation in
neutrophils, are seen in all
leukocytes. Most characteristic
of these disorders are the
metachromatic granules
surrounded by a clear zone
seen in lymphocytes.
30. LEUKAEMOID REACTION
• LEUKAEMOID REACTION IS DEFINED AS A REACTIVE
EXCESSIVE LEUCOCYTOSIS IN THE PERIPHERAL
BLOOD RESEMBLING THAT OF LEUKAEMIA IN A
SUBJECT NOT HAVING LEUKAEMIA.
• THE USUAL FEATURES OF LEUKAEMIA SUCH AS
SPLEENOMEGALY, LYMPHADENOPATHY AND
HAEMORRHAGES ARE USUALY ABSENT.AND
FEATURES OF UNDERLYING DISEASE ARE USUALLY
PRESENT.
31. Feature Leukamoid
reaction
CML
Nature of D’se Reactive Stem cell disorder
Cause + nt - nt
Splenomegaly - nt + nt
TLC <50,000 1 to 5 lacs
Toxic granules in
neutrophil
+ nt - nt
Basophilia - nt + nt
Eosinophilia - nt + nt
NAP Score ↑ ↑ (150-350) ↓ ↓ (0-40)
Ph’chromosome -nt + nt
35. Acute Leukemia
DEFINITION:
• HETEROGENEOUS GROUP OF MALIGNANT
DISORDERS WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BY
UNCONTROLLED CLONAL PROLIFERATION AND
ACCUMULATION OF BLASTS CELLS IN THE
BONE MARROW AND BODY TISSUES
• SUDDEN ONSET
• IF LEFT UNTREATED IS FATAL WITHIN A FEW
WEEKS OR MONTHS
36. Comparison of acute and chronic leukemias
Acute Chronic
Age All ages Usually adults
Clinical onset Sudden Insidious
Course (untreated) 6 mo or less 2-6 years
Leukemic cells Immature
>30% blasts
More mature cells
Anemia Prominent Mild
Thrombocytopenia Prominent Mild
WBC count Variable Increased
Lymphadenopathy Mild Present; often
Splenomegaly Mild Present; often
37. CAUSES OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA
• PRE LEUKEMIA – Myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative syndromes
can evolve into AML.
• CHEMICAL EXPOSURE- Alkylating agents,benzene, aromatic organic
solvents.
• RADIATION - Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,X rays ,
victims of Chernobyl nuclear reactor.
• GENETICS –Down syndrome,Ataxia telengectasia , Klinefelter’s
syndrome , Fanconi’s anaemia.
• Naturally occuring retroviruses and the human T – cell lymphotropic
viruses cause adult- ALL
