A joint is the site where two or more bones meet. There are three main types of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. Synovial joints are the most common and provide the most movement. They contain synovial fluid and have articular cartilage covering the bone ends. Common synovial joints include the ball and socket shoulder joint, hinge elbow joint, pivot radioulnar joint, condyloid wrist joint, saddle thumb joint, and gliding vertebral joints.
A joint is an articulation between two bones in the body and are broadly classified by the tissue which connects the bones. The three main types of joints are: synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous.
synovial joint, definition of synovial joint, diarthrodial joints, components of synovial joint, types of synovial joints, hinge joint with examples, pivot joint with examples, condyloid joint with examples, saddle joint with examples, ball and socket joint with examples, gliding joint with examples, features of synovial joint, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, components of synovial membrane, meniscus, true and accessory ligament of synovial joint, bursae, blood supply of synovial joint, innervation of synovial joint
A joint is an articulation between two bones in the body and are broadly classified by the tissue which connects the bones. The three main types of joints are: synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous.
synovial joint, definition of synovial joint, diarthrodial joints, components of synovial joint, types of synovial joints, hinge joint with examples, pivot joint with examples, condyloid joint with examples, saddle joint with examples, ball and socket joint with examples, gliding joint with examples, features of synovial joint, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, components of synovial membrane, meniscus, true and accessory ligament of synovial joint, bursae, blood supply of synovial joint, innervation of synovial joint
Bones of lower limb (Human Anatomy)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
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anatomy of the upper limb joints. shoulder, elbow, wrist hand
A joint is a point where two bones make contact. Joints can be classified either histologically on the dominant type of connective tissue functionally based on the amount of movement permitted. Histologically the three joints in the body are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
Bones of upper limbs (Human Anatomy)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
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Bones of lower limb (Human Anatomy)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
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to download this presentation from this link.
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/12/joints-of-upper-limb.html
anatomy of the upper limb joints. shoulder, elbow, wrist hand
A joint is a point where two bones make contact. Joints can be classified either histologically on the dominant type of connective tissue functionally based on the amount of movement permitted. Histologically the three joints in the body are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
Bones of upper limbs (Human Anatomy)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
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www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
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A joint is the site at which any two or more bones articulate or come together, meaning the ends or edges of the bones are held together by connective tissues.
It may allow flexibility and movement of the skeleton.
With the exception of the Hyoid bone, every bone in the body is connected to or form joints.
There are total 230 joints in the body.
Structural Classification of joints:
FIBROUS JOINT/ FIXED JOINT
CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones.
Joints are thus functionally classified as a
Synarthrosis or immobile joint,
Amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint,
Diarthrosis, which is a freely moveable joint
All human joints including axial and appendicular skeleton will clear all the concepts and doubts of learner related to joints and different classification of joints with detail. Also, help student, learner, reader to communicate.
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1. A joint is formed, where two or more bones (articulate)
together.
A joint is the site at which any two or more bones
articulate or come together. Joints allow flexibility and
movement of the skeleton and allow attachment
between bone.
2. The joints can be classified according to the
tissues that unite the bone ends.
There are three types of joints.
1) Fibrous joints
2) Cartilagenous joints
3) Synovial joints
3. In this type, the articulating surfaces of bones are
connected by fibrous tissue.
There are three types of fibrous joints.
A. Sutures or sutural joints
B. Syndesmosis
C. Gomphosis
4. Sutures occur only in the skull.
Example is coronal suture between the
frontal and parietals.
No movement is possible in such type of
joints.
5.
6.
7. In this type , the bones are united by a sheet of
fibrous tissue.
It may be a ligament or a fibrous membrane.
Example is interosseous membrane connects the
radius and ulna.
The interosseous membrane between the radius
and ulna is flexible and wide enough to permit
movement during supination and pronation.
These are slightly movable
8.
9. This is a special type of fibrous joint, between
a tooth and its socket.
The fibrous tissue of the periodontal ligament
firmly holds the tooth in its socket.
10.
11. Here bones are united either by hyaline
cartilage or by fibrous cartilage.
Depending on this, cartilagenous joints are
classified into primary and secondary
cartilagenous joints.
12. It is also known as hyaline cartilagenous joints
or Synchondroses.
The bones are united by hyaline cartilage ,
which permits slight movement during early
life.
This type of joint is temporary , as in the
development of a long bone.
13.
14. Also known fibrocartilagenous joints or symphyses.
Bones are united with strong fibrous tissue or
fibrocartilage.
Examples are symphysis pubis, joints between
vertebral bodies ( intervertebral discs).
15.
16. They are most common and important joints
in the body.
They normally provide free movement.
They are called synovial joints because they
are lined with a synovial membrane and
contain a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid.
17. Articular surface: These consist of
corresponding ends of articulating bones.
Articular cartilage: Articular cartilage covers
the articular surface of the articulating bones.
It provides a smooth gliding surface and
reduces the force of compression during
weight bearing.
18. Synovial fluid: It is a clear or pale yellow, viscous
alkaline fluid. It maintains the nutrition of articular
cartilage. It provides lubrication to the joint cavity .
Synovial membrane: It lines the fibrous capsule
from inside. It secrets synovial fluid.
Joint cavity: The joint cavity is enclosed within a
fibrous capsule.
19. Articular capsule: It consists of a fibrous
capsule lined by synovial membrane on the
inside. It binds the articulating bones
together.
Articular disc: It is made up of fibrocartilage.
Ligaments: True and accessory. They maintain
the stability of the joint.
20.
21.
22. Ball and socket joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Condyloid joint
Saddle joint
Plane joint
23. It is a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped
surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like
depression of another bone.
Example is shoulder joint.
24. In this type of movements take place in one
plane only. It is usually a uniaxial joint.
Elbow joint, only flexion and extension.
25.
26. These joints allow only rotation movement.
In these joints , a rounded process of bone rotates
within a ring . e.g. radioulnar joint.
27. In this type , one of the articular ends is
convex and the other is concave.
It is a biaxial joints where movements can
occur in two axes.
e.g.: Wrist joint.
28.
29. Articular surfaces are concavoconvex ( saddle shaped)
and movement can occur in all planes.
e.g. Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
30. In this type, the articular surfaces are flat and
movement restricted to slight gliding, titling
and rotation.
e.g.: Joints between the articular processes of
the thoracic vertebrae.
36. Angular movements are produced when the angle
between the bones of a joint changes; they include
flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction,
adduction, and circumduction.
37. It is the combination of flexion, extension, adduction
and abduction.
38. In rotation a bone revolves around its longitudinal
axis.
39.
40. Joints of upper limb
Joints of the hands and finger
Joints of the lower limb
42. It is a junction between the acromion part of the
scapula and the clavicle.
43. It is a plane type synovial joint and articulates clavicle
with manubrium of the sternum.
44. It is a ball and socket type of joint.
It involves articulation between the glenoid
cavity of scapula and head of the humerus.
The “ ball” is represented by the spherical
head of the humerus.
The “ socket” is represented by a pear shaped
glenoid cavity of the scapula.
52. It is a hinge joint.
The elbow joint is a complex hinge joint formed
between the distal end of the humerus in the upper
arm and the proximal ends of the ulna and radius in
the forearm.
The elbow allows for the flexion and extension of
the forearm relative to the upper arm, as well as
rotation of the forearm and wrist
53. It has two parts : Humeroulnar part and
humeroradial part.
Movements at the elbow joint are flexion and
extension.
58. The radius and ulna are united by three joints:
1. Superior radioulnar joints
2. Inferior radioulnar joints
3. Middle radioulnar joints.
Superior and inferior radioulnar joints are pivotal ,
middle radioulnar joints are Syndesmosis fibrous
joints.
The radioulnar joints provides pronation and
supination of the forearm.
59.
60. The wrist is a complex joint bridges the hand
to the forearm.
The bones comprising the wrist include the
distal ends of the radius and ulna, 8 carpal
bones, and the proximal portions of the 5
metacarpal bones.
Movements of the wrist bones include
flexion, extension, circumduction, adduction ,
abduction.
66. It is a synovial joint ,” Ball and socket “ type.
Here ball is the femoral head, and the socket is the
acetabulum of hip bone.
The hip joint is the articulation of the pelvis with the
femur, which connects the axial skeleton with the
lower extremity.
67. The acetabulum is a cup-like depression located on
the inferolateral aspect of the pelvis.
The head of femur is hemispherical, and fits
completely into the concavity of the acetabulum
68. The ligaments of the hip joint act to increase
stability.
There are 2 types of ligaments in hip joint
1) Intracapsular ligament: Intracapsular ligament is
the ligament of head of femur.
2) Extracapsular ligament: There are 3 extracapsular
ligaments : Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral
ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament.
70. Knee joint is a modified hinge joint.
It is the largest and most complex joint of the
body.
It incorporates two condylar joint between
the condyles of the femur and tibia and one
saddle joint between the femur and patella.
71.
72. Knee joint is formed by:
1. Condyles of the femur
2. Condyles of the tibia
3. Patella
78. Ankle joint or talocrural joint is a hinge joint.
The ankle joint is formed by three bones; the
tibia and fibula of the leg, and the talus of the
foot.
Articular surfaces of the tibia and fibula form
“ Tibiofibular socket” .
This socket receive the talus from the foot.
79. Medial ligaments.
Lateral ligaments: It has 3 further ligaments-
1. Anterior talofibular
2. Posterior talofibular
3. Calcaneofibular
82. Subtalar joint is also known as talocalcaneal
joint, is a joint of the foot.
It occurs at the meeting point of the talus and
the calcaneus.
It provides movement of inversion and
eversion of the foot.