The document discusses the valves of the heart. There are two types of valves - atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves.
The atrioventricular valves include the tricuspid valve between the right atrium and ventricle, and the mitral/bicuspid valve between the left atrium and ventricle.
The semilunar valves include the pulmonary valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and the aortic valve between the left ventricle and aorta. Each valve has specific roles in regulating blood flow and preventing backflow through the heart chambers and vessels.
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
This presentation is an overview of the description of the 4 stages of the cardiac cycle (atrial diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole) as well as explaining the mechanism of the cardiac cycle.
right ventricle internal and external features-
interior is divided into inflowing and outflowing parts (infundibulum)
inflowing part is rough due to trabeculae corneae, - ridges, bridges, pillars. Chordae tendineae- are attached to pillars and cusps of tricuspid valve.
outflowing part is smooth, semilunar valve guards opening of pulmonary valve
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Anatomy And Physiology of Human Heart
1. ANATOMY OF THE HEART By: Dr Mohammed Faez
2. The Heart The heart is a chambered muscular organ that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system.
3. The Heart • The heart is surrounded by membrane called Pericardium.
4. The Pericardium • The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels. • The pericardium lies within the middle mediastinum.
5. The Pericardium
6. The Pericardium • Its function is to restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole and to serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract.
This presentation covers internal structures of heart like atria and ventricles & external structures like emerging blood vessels and grooves on the heart. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as teachers.
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Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
This presentation is an overview of the description of the 4 stages of the cardiac cycle (atrial diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole) as well as explaining the mechanism of the cardiac cycle.
right ventricle internal and external features-
interior is divided into inflowing and outflowing parts (infundibulum)
inflowing part is rough due to trabeculae corneae, - ridges, bridges, pillars. Chordae tendineae- are attached to pillars and cusps of tricuspid valve.
outflowing part is smooth, semilunar valve guards opening of pulmonary valve
Be the first to comment
Anatomy And Physiology of Human Heart
1. ANATOMY OF THE HEART By: Dr Mohammed Faez
2. The Heart The heart is a chambered muscular organ that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system.
3. The Heart • The heart is surrounded by membrane called Pericardium.
4. The Pericardium • The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels. • The pericardium lies within the middle mediastinum.
5. The Pericardium
6. The Pericardium • Its function is to restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole and to serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract.
This presentation covers internal structures of heart like atria and ventricles & external structures like emerging blood vessels and grooves on the heart. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as teachers.
Join live classes, download study aids, sell your documents, join or host your own classes online, get tutoring, tutor students, take practices tests and more at Examville.com
How do the healthcare profession engage and convert potential customers into patients when using social media?
HBT Media has extensive experience developing and executing successful marketing strategies and campaigns for clients across the healthcare industry
This presentation will help you to get to known about the human heart in very much clear way. It will help you alot in making your concepts clear regarding the human heart and it's functioning.
Heart valves- A detailed medical information about heart valves .martinshaji
heart valves are the one which regulates the blood flow and heart health and all in overall . this is a detailed study on all the valves of the heart
please comment
thank you
The primitive blueprint for the heart and circulatory system emerged with the arrival of the third mesodermal germ layer in bilaterians. Since then, hearts in animals have evolved from a single layered tube to a multiple chambered heart in due course of time.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
3. Introduction
Image source : Google
The heart valves are uniquely designed gates that promote the unidirectional
flow of blood through the heart.
There are two pairs of valves in the heart.
The valves between each atrium and ventricle are referred to as
atrioventricular valves (right and left).
The two valves that regulate the flow of blood from the ventricles to the
coronary, pulmonary, and systemic circulation are the semilunar valves
(pulmonary and aortic).
6. Atrioventricular valves
Image source : Google
The atrioventricular valves are pathways that allow blood to flow from
the atria to the ventricles.
During ventricular contraction, blood does not flow back into the atria
owing to AV valves.
During ventricular contraction, AV valve closed, produce first heart
sound.
There are 2 AV valves: Right Atrioventricular Valve( Tricuspid valve) &
Left Atrioventricular Valve( Mitral valve)
8. Tricuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Right AV valve or tricuspid valve is
located between the right atrium
and right ventricle.
Closed during ventricular
contraction.
There is a Right fibrous ring that
forms the orifice of the valve.
9. Tricuspid valve
Image source : Google
The Leaflets or cusps in tricuspid valve: A leaflet or cusps is a fleshy
projection that occludes the valve orifice thus prevents retrograde flow of
blood. There are 3 cusps in tricuspid valve. Anterior cusp 2. Septal cusp 3.
Posterior cusp.
Anterior cusp: Also called as anterosuperior leaflet. It is attached to the
anterosuperior margin. It is the largest of the three cusps.
Septal cusp : Also called as septal leaflet. It is attached to the septal
margin. It is the smallest of the three cusps.
Posterior cusp: Also called as inferior leaflet. It is attached to the inferior
margin .
10. Tricuspid valve
Image source : Google
The Chordae tendineae: Also called as tendinous cords or heart strings.
These are fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary
muscles to the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid
Papillary muscle : Papillary muscle are muscles located in the ventricles of
the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the
chordae tendineae. The papillary muscles constitute about 10% of the total
heart mass. There are 3 papillary muscles. 1. Anterior papillary muscle 2.
Septal papillary muscle 3. Posterior papillary muscle. Just Before ventricular
contraction, Papillary muscle of RV & LV start to contract so By bracing AV
valve against prolapse thus it Prevents regurgitation( Backward flow of blood).
13. Bicuspid valve
Image source : Google
Left AV valve or mitral valve or
bicuspid valve is located
between left atrium & left
ventricle.
Mitral valve is smaller than
tricuspid valve.
The left fibrous ring encircles
the bicuspid valve.
The left fibrous ring encircles
the bicuspid valve.
15. Bicuspid valve
Image source : Google
Function: In normal conditions during atrial contraction (Diastolic phase),
greater pressure in the left atrium than ventricle thus blood flows through an
open mitral valve.
Cusps of bicuspid valve : 2 cusps, anterior cusps and posterior cusps.
Chordae tendinae: The true chordae tendineae arise from one of two
papillary muscles in the left ventricle
Papillary muscles: Anterolateral papillary muscle, posteromedial papillary
muscle.
16. Bicuspid valve
Image source : Google
Mitral annulus : The mitral annulus is a fibrous ring that is attached to the
mitral valve leaflets
The annulus contracts and reduces its surface area during systole to help
provide complete closure of the leaflets.
19. Semilunar valves
Image source : Google
The semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and outflow
vessels.
They carry blood away from the heart to pulmonary and systemic
circulations .
Their cusps are semilunar in shape so called as semilunar valves.
During ventricular relaxation closure of semilunar valves produce
second heart sound
There are 2 semilunar valves: Pulmonary valve & aortic valve .
21. Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary valve
It is located between the
right ventricle and the
pulmonary trunk (pulmonary
orifice).
The valve is oriented in an
oblique plane.
It is directed
posterosuperiorly toward the
left-hand side.
23. Pulmonary valve
Image source : Google
Cusps: 3 cusps Anterior, Right, Left.
The free edge of each cusp presents a fibrous nodule at the centre
with two lateral thin portions, the lunule of semilunar cusp.
Each cusp forms pocket like dilatation called pulmonary sinus at initial
portion of pulmonary trunk.
The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of
the second heart sound (S2). It is usually softer than A2 component of
S2 heart sound .
25. Image source : Google
Function : In ventricular systole, Pressure in the right ventricle >the
pressure in the pulmonary artery, Pulmonary valve opens thus Blood is
ejected into pulmonary artery.
Clinical relevance : Pulmonary valve stenosis, Pulmonary valve
regurgitation, Pulmonary atresia.
26. Aortic valve
Aortic valve
The aortic valve is the larger
of the two semilunar valves.
It located between the left
ventricle and the ascending
aorta (aortic orifice).
The aortic valve normally has
three cusps or leaflets, although
in 1–2% of the population it is
found to congenitally have two
leaflets..
27. Image source : Google
Cusps : there are 3 cusps Right coronary (anterior)., Left coronary (left
posterior), Non-coronary cusp (right posterior, non-adjacent).
The three cusps, when the valve is closed, contain a sinus called an aortic
sinus or sinus of Valsalva
Function : left ventricle contracts (systole), pressure rises in the left
ventricle, When the pressure in the left ventricle rises above the pressure
in the aorta, the aortic valve opens, Blood flows from the LV to aorta.
Clinical relevance : Aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation.
29. Embryology of heart valves
Embryology of heart valves
Valvulogenesis is the process by which
the heart valves develop.
It involves the formation and
maturation of the endocardial cushions
within the atrioventricular canal and
the outflow tract.
• They grow towards each other and
fuse, forming a physical barrier within
the heart lumen during the 5th
gestational week.
• As a result of this fusion, the heart
tube is divided into left and right
atrioventricular canals.