Cartilage & Joints
1) There are three main types of cartilage - hyaline cartilage, yellow elastic cartilage, and white fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage is found in articular cartilage and laryngeal cartilages.
2) The three main types of joints are fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Cartilaginous joints connect bones through cartilage and allow some movement, like the joints between vertebrae.
3) Synovial joints are the most common and complex type of joint, containing articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and fluid, and a joint capsule reinforced by ligaments. The main synovial joints include the shoulder
A joint is a point where two bones make contact. Joints can be classified either histologically on the dominant type of connective tissue functionally based on the amount of movement permitted. Histologically the three joints in the body are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
synovial joint, definition of synovial joint, diarthrodial joints, components of synovial joint, types of synovial joints, hinge joint with examples, pivot joint with examples, condyloid joint with examples, saddle joint with examples, ball and socket joint with examples, gliding joint with examples, features of synovial joint, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, components of synovial membrane, meniscus, true and accessory ligament of synovial joint, bursae, blood supply of synovial joint, innervation of synovial joint
A joint is a point where two bones make contact. Joints can be classified either histologically on the dominant type of connective tissue functionally based on the amount of movement permitted. Histologically the three joints in the body are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
synovial joint, definition of synovial joint, diarthrodial joints, components of synovial joint, types of synovial joints, hinge joint with examples, pivot joint with examples, condyloid joint with examples, saddle joint with examples, ball and socket joint with examples, gliding joint with examples, features of synovial joint, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, components of synovial membrane, meniscus, true and accessory ligament of synovial joint, bursae, blood supply of synovial joint, innervation of synovial joint
introduction about joints, types of joints . joints are present with in upper limb, movements of all joints and finally with clinical correlation of all joints.
a brief ppt description about cartilage which may be usefull for teaching for first year mbbs, bds and paramedical students, hope it is helpfull to everyone
BONE – AN INTRODUCTION
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
There are around 270 to 300+ bones in Infants which gets reduced to 206 bones in adults.
Bones are dynamic structures that are undergoing constant change and remodelling in
response to the ever-changing environment.
Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells,
store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.
It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.
The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in
the middle ear.
elbow joint , type of joint, articular surface of elbow joint, joint capsule of elbow joint, articulating bones of elbow joint, cubital articulation, ligaments of the elbow joint, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, relation of elbow joint, action of elbow joint, blood supply and nerve supply of elbow joint, dislocation of elbow joint, carrying angle, cubital varus, cubital vulgus, subluxation of head of radius, tennis elbow, students or minors elbow,
to download this presentation from this link.
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/12/joints-of-upper-limb.html
anatomy of the upper limb joints. shoulder, elbow, wrist hand
introduction about joints, types of joints . joints are present with in upper limb, movements of all joints and finally with clinical correlation of all joints.
a brief ppt description about cartilage which may be usefull for teaching for first year mbbs, bds and paramedical students, hope it is helpfull to everyone
BONE – AN INTRODUCTION
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
There are around 270 to 300+ bones in Infants which gets reduced to 206 bones in adults.
Bones are dynamic structures that are undergoing constant change and remodelling in
response to the ever-changing environment.
Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells,
store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.
It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.
The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in
the middle ear.
elbow joint , type of joint, articular surface of elbow joint, joint capsule of elbow joint, articulating bones of elbow joint, cubital articulation, ligaments of the elbow joint, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, relation of elbow joint, action of elbow joint, blood supply and nerve supply of elbow joint, dislocation of elbow joint, carrying angle, cubital varus, cubital vulgus, subluxation of head of radius, tennis elbow, students or minors elbow,
to download this presentation from this link.
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/12/joints-of-upper-limb.html
anatomy of the upper limb joints. shoulder, elbow, wrist hand
This presentation was made by various histology slides of cartilages (taken from web pages) as a pretest for the exams. Not for any other commercial purposes.
articular cartilage present in joint surface of articulating bone .role of articular cartilage in load bearing is important its damage cause arthritis so should know about its biomechanics
Orthobiologics is a current terminology for the application of various cells, cytokines, growth factors.Tissue Engineering,Gene Therapy,Osteoarthritis,Avascular Necrosis,Sickle Cell Disease,Disc Regeneration,PRP,Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation,BMAC,Spinal cord Injury paraplegia,Autoimmnune disorders,Diabetic foot,Tendinopathies,Wound Healing,,SCAFFOLDS IN STEM CELL THERAPY.Regenerative medicine is now an recognized specialty which has evolved from degerative diseases of Orthopaedic Surgery.Articular Cartilage : Repair To Regenerate To Replace Dr.Sandeep C Agrawal Agrasen Hospital Gondia India www.agrasenortho.com
A joint is the site at which any two or more bones articulate or come together, meaning the ends or edges of the bones are held together by connective tissues.
It may allow flexibility and movement of the skeleton.
With the exception of the Hyoid bone, every bone in the body is connected to or form joints.
There are total 230 joints in the body.
Structural Classification of joints:
FIBROUS JOINT/ FIXED JOINT
CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones.
Joints are thus functionally classified as a
Synarthrosis or immobile joint,
Amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint,
Diarthrosis, which is a freely moveable joint
A joint is an articulation between two bones in the body and are broadly classified by the tissue which connects the bones. The three main types of joints are: synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous.
All human joints including axial and appendicular skeleton will clear all the concepts and doubts of learner related to joints and different classification of joints with detail. Also, help student, learner, reader to communicate.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
9. Definition of Joint
A joint is the location at which two or more
bones articulate or make contact. Some joints
like those of the skull are fixed and have no
movement, some like those of the vertebrae
can move slightly and some are freely
moveable like the joints of the limbs.
12. Fibrous joints
Fibrous joints connect bones without allowing any
movement. The bones of the skull and pelvis are held
together by fibrous joints. The union of the spinous
processes and vertebrae, joints between the teeth and
maxilla and mandible are the examples of fibrous
joints.
14. Cartilaginous joints
Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the bones are
attached by cartilage. In this type of joint, there is a
pad of fibro cartilage between the ends of bones
which form joints, where only some movement is
required. Joints at the pubic symphysis, joint between
the manubrium sterni and body of the sternum and
joints between the vertebral bodies are the examples
of cartilaginous joint.
15. 2- Cartilagenous Joints
1) PRIMARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINT (synchondrosis)
*It does not allow any
movement
* This type is
characterized by having a
plate of cartilage between
the epiphysis & diaphysis
of the same bone. It is not
a true permanent joint, but
it is a temporary plate of
hyaline cartilage which
disappears in adulthood by
ossification.
i.e. It is represented by the
epiphysial plate of cartilage
intervening between the
epiphysis and diaphysis of
long bones.
20. Characteristics of synovial joint
1. The capsule The joint is enclosed and surrounded by fibrous tissue. This
keeps the bones together. The capsule is such, that, it protects the bones
and joint from injury and at the same time allows free movement.
2. Articular cartilage: hyaline cartilage lines the bones which form the joint
and which are in contact with each other. Hence, the articular surfaces are
smooth. The hyaline cartilage also bears the weight of the body. It reduces
friction of the joint..
3. Synovial membrane lines the capsule,
4. Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity. It
provides nutrition to the structures within the joint cavity.
5. In addition to the capsule, the bones are also attached and held together by
strong-tough ligaments made of dense connective tissue. These
ligaments prevent dislocation during normal movement.
6. The articulating surfaces of adjacent bones are reciprocally shaped.
21. Diagram showing the main structures of the Synovial Joint
Articular cartilage
Synovial joint cavity
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Articular capsule
Reinforcing ligaments
Articular disc or
minscus
22. The main movement of the synovial joints are
--- flexion: bending forward.
--- extension : means straightening or bending backward
--- abduction :- moving away from the midline of the body .
--- adduction :- moving towards the midline of the body .
--- rotation :- moving round the long axis of bone .
--- pronation :- turning the palm of the hand down .
--- supination :- turning the palm of the hand up .
--- circumulation :- combination of flexion , extension,
abduction , adduction ,
--- inversion :- turning the sole of the foot inwards.
--- eversion :- turning the sole of the foot outwards .
24. Shoulder joint
It is a ball and socket type of joint. The head of the humerus rotates within the glenoid
cavity of the scapula. It is also known as humero-scapular joint.
25. Elbow joint
This joint is formed by
the lower end of the
humerus with the
upper ends of the
ulna and the radius. It
is a type of hinge
joint.
26. Radio-ulnar joints
– proximal
(Superior) and
distal (Inferior)
joints
The proximal
radioulnar joint is
formed by the rim of
the head of radius
rotating in the radial
notch of the ulna and
it has little movement.
The distal joint is
formed between the
distal end of the
radius and the head
of the ulna. It is a
pivot joint.
27.
28. Wrist joint
This joint is formed by the distal end of the
radius and the proximal ends of the carpal
(wrist) bones. It is a condyloid joint.
29. Joints of wrist and fingers
These are joints between the carpal bones, between
carpal and metacarpal bones and between the
metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges and
between the phalanges. Intercarpal and carpal –
metacarpal joints are gliding joints.
Metacarpophalangeal joints are condyloid joints and
interphalangeal joints are hinge joints.
30. Coronal section through a metacarpophalangeal joint, a synovial joint. The
.collateral ligaments are thickenings of the joint capsule
33. Hip joint
The head of the femur bone fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum of the hip bone. It is
a ball and socket type of joint.
34. Knee joint
It is formed by the two
condyles of the femur
with the condyles of
the tibia and the
posterior surface of
the patella. It is a type
of hinge joint.
35. Ankle joint
This joint is formed by the
distal end of the tibia and
its medial malleolus, the
distal end of the fibula and
its lateral malleolus with
the talus. It is a form of
hinge joint.
37. Joints of the foot and toes
Joints are formed between the tarsal bones,
between the tarsal and the metatarsals,
between the metatarsal bones and the proximal
phalanges and between the phalanges. They
are all gliding type of joints.