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jj<LLSj( port ) aj bU<u 4J jj<lSj( Repeater )
jb <bb j»j»j $j» jj<lujSj jûu <lSj( Signal )
JLuljJiS.ûljju jû j»5 00 Lj û-j jjj <lS jjjjjj jjjlûLSjj jjjju ^<lSj( port ) <U db Signal )
s(Repeater)

22. ASHBKeJj^
ÛJjJuAil Li4J SjJJl tjjijSjijiyû jJ
aj&jLgjAu <UaS ^jjj^- jAj j44 jjAjLSjj jiA4j( Signal ) 4jIj ûLSjj< Signal ) ^4j$24j
^jIjjj jUjjG ySj( Signal ) 4jIj ).Û£jjjjj
.( Repeater )
^jjj&ûi iS4ijjSujjj ^jUjj
Segment (2)
Fred Barney
0200. 1111.1111 0200. 2222.2222
Segment (t)
Wilma Betty
0200.3333.3333 0200.4444.4444
2v
•IV
y-2v
Hub
JLS Ij 4ÛI( LAN ) jjj^ j»JU UjjjJU jjj4j jLttLj ^jj4iLui>i j^j ûJb-jjLj Coaxial <u jjjSAû
ûLjt jljftJ 4Sj( Cable )
^ajV j4A j4S4i t
ûwlj U<u j<l« 4J jjjj ( Segment ) i^j^a24j
(jjjjS ÛuJjJ i£J£ui JjwLj J JjIJÛUm Jj4j j4j4J jj^JJJ 4tûS 4Sjjjj j4m ^LSjj^uLj J$j4A Ij4i
RJ45 j( Connector) ^(Support) 4S IjS;l«jjj (10BASE-T) ^l^S 4S jljjS jLSdjjj
t
(Ethernet port) ÎSjÛjjj ^Ju jjSjj ^RJ45 ^(Support)4S i$4iLjjjj j4j Lajjj4A jjSjj j
Twisted Pair ûw<u<u ? T

23. ASHBKyjj^
i ( Hub )
^lSdJjö
.ijiij.Sn jis4j (JUSuu ( Repeater ) j dijjte -
]J £jA3jjuaj& jLSAJjjj ^jJ <U IjjljJJJ AS ( . . . 24- 16 - 8-4 )jji4A 'j&jjjJH
~
“Multiport IjJjjjj y—u 4ujjj4A jjjjj-Sjj JA-jjjj dJGjjj jAJ dJ_jj<u -
•t^ujjj ^Sj( Repeater )
jjja LLujjj jj <ûlj Repeater”
.jjljiS uujji ( Hub )4j aS djjjj 6^3
Fred Wilma
0200. 1111.1111 0200.3333.3333
4_) jjj ( Broad east )Jl>jAj 4S jjjaa jLS4j4«i^S jjjJjS jUwU I7un'i G ^^jIjjjLj jAJ
ijjJH 4S JjSjJ QwJjJ 4S4J4J-
j4m 41 ^( UOise ) 4jlj dSijjj (jjjjS JjXuA /JjA ijjiJ jmm4J I JlSLÛjLS
V
(jUljj#- 4J jLiukJjjj 4_Uj iSjjJ? ^j4u4^JJ jLtjJjJj (^4j4J 4_S,4d«jjj ipjJjj^Jjb” i£j_&
.
jLj LSGIj <yjjbj .jj j ( speed
ii ( Forwarding ) j ( Filtering ) lj(Bridge ) 41 IjS jJLjjU 4djS j»4j lj(Bridge ) 41 j»^4j
jjj j4_j (j-wL <£ijjli Juu jl_Si ( Signal )
^jjS 4jjjj jb ( Repeat ) jljijAu lj.Sn jL«j LS GIj
.4j (jÇ ( MAC address )juljj 4lujjl| jj4Sj 4lu

24. ASHBKeJj^
îMAC address
i»<u ûjj d-u ^jjjLjj ( 4 )
y-wAj (3 )<U <L!S j ( Media Access Control ) i$jjIjSjj$S MAC
NIC aJIj ( LAN Card jJluAJ j address ) ULÛUjLj ?<u ( 0220. 1101.1111) 4jj£l
jjLjjjj j^j<Lft jAjaa ^Jj( address ) j j( LAN Card )
j<la j jjljidSk* 4S<ûjLS
ûjj jjAidjjj jlj ^iLSji Computer ) <U LLSaj <U aS ^ajLjIj j<u jj ^JjjLS gu& jAmU jjJîijLj
jjjjjlj <l_S <lLu— jjlj j<lj <L-wj<U4Sj juSGIj LU luuj ^UiLÛ—j$i ULÛ( address ) ûUjjj
^JLSLjlj^djL^jAttjAj aJIj( Source)^(MAC address) <lSLjU jlSj(MAC address )
.jjAm<U ûiçjj jj ^jlSLjU i£jj4jjjx«jS j<û ^<uaS jAj <ulj Ji ( Destination ) j jjjjjLi
$ jjf .ÛLSjj Jkû ( MAC address )
^U<Li j<u<U Bridge jruU ijûljjjj LLûu AjIjjlS
j|j<U jj<Su( Bridge ) ^jlj jûu&i û<u<u ( Interface ) jjj jLj ( LAN ) jjj LlÛjLS
MAC )
j<Lw<u j<la ÛJJ ûLûj Ji<u jjj <lj <lS <lj<la jL-Ju( Table )<uûj- IjjlSj ( Bridge )
.<ljIjoj ^<lSj( Interface )
jb <lSj( LAN ) <U LLS<u ^LSjjAj^ujjS j ( address
ÛLSj: ( Forwarding ) j ( Filtering
5 Filtering
aSj( Hub ) !j( LAN )
j<U lj<Lj jjlj dj ( LAN ) <lJ ^SajGIj Uj( Computer ) ûU j<lS<lj
j^<lSj( Bridge )jLÛ jljjlj UjjjJU ÛUjj jLSjjJûjMjjS jjjjls jj <lSGIj j ûLSjj ( Broad cast
j( MAC address )
jjlj jJ-Sjlj ûUSjj 4_Sj( Destination ) $ MAC address ) ii>J4_ui
( LAN ) jLuj ûLSLj ûuj>j ASufr- ûLSjj ^( Filtering ) jpU jjjJ ^<lSLjIj <lS j^j Ij( LAN )jjU
jj>j>S jlSGIj aû jj( MAC address ) j4j ^jjli- ^jjj( Computer )j4j jj t jjjjj ^<lSj
: jj<lj<lSjj ^jjj 4jIj i(Canccl s
jj ^LSjjJLjjjjS j ^jSjjjjj aSLÛIj

25. ASHBKyjj^
Bridging Table:
MAC
0200. 1111.1111
Port
0
Wilma
0200. 3333.3333
Barney
0200. 2222.2222
Betty
0200. 4444.4444
5 Forwarding
>j LAN )4J tj±3JL Jiiu iS( Data ) 4S &( MAC address )
j4j j ûUj4^4j
j^.ûLSjj ( Forwarding ) 4J5Ij>û^4-Sj(LAN ) *jjm û!j4j 4SGIj 4j & tSt( Bridge ) IjAj
j4j i£tjA3$£tA$& j4j j ûLSjj ( Broad Cast ) <lSj( Hub ) tyJiû jL<t^ <u jjj>4j ^<U
: j4Sjj 4SGL ( Cancel ) 4S 1 i^>S >dj 4Sûh tjJjZ 4SGb tS &tt( MAC address
Bridging Table:
MAC Port
0200. 1111.1111 0
0200. 2222.2222 O
,^ 0200. 3333.3333 1
[
0200.3333.3333 is me
Lprocess the frame!
© Fred
nonn iiii 1111
: 0200.4444.4444 1
Send a frame, destination
UtiUU. lill. llll >;
onn OOOO OOOO i*.
__0200. 3333.3333
© UtUU.ooovj.oooo is reacnaoie
via port 1 . The frame came
^n port 0. Forward!!
3
Wilma
0200. 3333.3333
^Regenerate and repeatFl^^
The frame was sent to
someone else — ignore it!
a
CD
pRegenerateand repeat!
The frame was sent to
someone else — ignore it!
"l
®*
Betty
0200. 4444.4444
Barney
0200. 2222.2222

26. ASHBKyjj^
, Switch
jjASLuoj ( Switch )
4j<u £( Port ) j ugdi ( Hub ) 4J S
j4U 4Jlj f
jjjûLSjj >1a4j ( Signal )
jLSd( Port ) 4J dlS4j j4A )Cu?dJ ( Repeater) 4J ^
. jljIj dj ( Repeater) djj dj( Port
.ûLSjj (Forwarding )j(Filtering) Jblj (Bridge )dj$ ^
GluJJJ >J ^ljAA ^jjJJ LÛ4J4J ( Switcll )Jj4J jJUAJ
.ûLSjj ( Forwarding ) j ( Filtering ) 4S ( Switch ) 4j dj( LAN ) t$4ij$
Switching Table:
MAC Port
0200.1 111.1111 1
0200.2222.2222 2
0200.3333.3333 3
0200.4444.4444 4
Barney
0200. 2222.2222
Betty
0200. 4444.4444

27. ASHBKyjjJ
s Router
ûl^uy-S^Network) 4^(Network)^LS<t^jS j( Device )
jJwLÛ a <L-SoS<u ( Router)
( Data ) <lL j$45j( WAN ) aj dj( LAN ) <Lj^*j jj ) opjjdjjtZ ySj( Network ) aj jjAmIuJLjjj
lujipjj jiJIj ûLSjj ( Traffic ) S( receive j send ) ( Router ) j ûjjLxû
jlû$<Lj j ûLS jjjûjljJp- j jJiLwb <U <LSGl: ûûI^ûj «j<U<U ^ijlaja AS<Û4?- ajjjS <U ûûjljj
.ûj<u4j yjj^w jljIj <lSj( destination ) ajLSj
jjIjIj ijjj ( Cisco ) <lS (iJijl( Icon j<û ^Jj <u ( Network )^LSj*wIj lu
Network Devices
Repeater
__
Bridge
^
10BASE-T Hub
Workgroup Switch
100BASE-T Hub
y
Router
»Hub - .
111
Network Cloud
o

28. ASHBKyjjJ jl+U$£
iAccess Point
Wireless )^Lj ( WLAN ) ( Switch )
jU ( Hub ) ^4? <U ( Access Point)
S ( reeeive )j ( Send ) ûuûip^ ^ i<ûbjLj jji j&j sj^dj jS ûjj jLSaj Ij( Network
. ÛL5;j Lûb
j aJ 4S ( Tools £A)LjIjjjAj jAj
tLAN Card
AûjLS j»AÛ j( Network Interface Card ) <lS ( NIC Card ) jj^-Lj LAN Card
jU<Uj( Computer ) jj<lÛjLS j»4Û j<lSjj <U ûjjÛwAjjj ( Mother board )ûUb s*Sj-> j<Uy<U
S&djjû ^LjS <lS ( Ethernet Port ) ÛjÛjjj ^j <lS jj<ua] l7£j( Port ) AjjLS j»<û, ajjtfjjjj
.jjj( RJ45 ) ^<^jj <U ûjjutuUjJûJ

29. ASHBKyjjJ jl+U$£
îRJ 45 Connector
wjj jISju Ij( UTP,STP, ScTP,. . .
.
)
^LSj( Cable )
J<lS<U ( Connector KjAjutS
tpjJwU j<û J<jl^<U ûJjiSjj ûjjj j ûjjLwAjjj jjjJLSji Cable )
^jLwjS <U j( Connector )
^<û
.WJjSj: jUAZj wjjijj ,jJ JULj ( 8 )
j4A JLS <U<Ui yjj( PN ) ( 8 ) RJ 45 t
WJJÛLJJ
i
• jLSAJ ûLjsÛ <U Aj aS AuAA jU ( RJll )
( ) jJU ^jjAj £jÛujj jLSaj ( RJ )
^jjjS ju <lS jj ( Crimping tool ) jjj-Lj ( Crimper
(^ju<Lj Lj wjjSjj j*j <lS jj<LSj( Crimper ) ^ju<u j j$<lS<U( RJ ) <yj jb <ulj> <lSj< Cable )
^JLj
^U ulJU <LS<Uuw> JlUG j ULj jjUiJ j ij ^ ' AÛ4LU4S ^jlJ4S( RJ )^j_jjjU JU <Û ^Jj<Û<U»^ j<Û
^jwjjJjj ^j (jwj( Cable ) Ijjjju.^jljj^j <lS« Signal ) jj <lSjj<û<u<lS

30. ASHBKyj
:Wire Stripper
U.aSau^S s»3W± c4j<u 4jIj ( outer jacket )
^jjjV jj ûj>uAjj jLSaj ( Wire Stripper
. Qjjjl^j jLSjj ujjj i^u
tRack
j uj^jjJaa I
j £$Ljj <ii ( Hub ,
Switch.... )^jji^jLi)jjU j-j^j-u4jjjlS<Lj(Rack)
(Alarm )^j>j^ljjJU( f
dSjjJwlj <u ûIjjj jjj<û aS ajjûj ^(power) UajjAA jj,jjljjjjb
.wjj jLS<U IJjjj 3 jSLj yjAJL^ <U 4S
( Rack

31. ASHBKyjjJ jl+U$£ fklj 1—) : (^UMjjjj
:LAN tester
PANIO
y-wb bjJj ^LSaUaj <U )
jj4-Sai JLud* Ai ^4JI( Cable )
jAj ^jijS ( Test )
jj lujJllAu jLSaj
.
( jjaSjj ( Cable )
^iijS uujjj ^lûj?
tJoiner
jLwb &Lj}Z 3 ûujdi jjM ^Jûjj dj( Cable ) JLuLi ( Cable ) Sjjf jjLLjj jj isjLm jLjj
jjAiJjAj ajajM Joiner )
^jSjjti jj4jj( RJ ) jjj tfjAJu <LSa( Cable )
£)<Lw jjij<u> jûjûai <La
. jjUj iiSJ>ijj ji jlajj&b, ajJuLLLuJui
sOutlet
b4S (jSuLijfj j44 Jjj-b jJilu,ûjj <U dJjjj uJjAJbJJ JiuLS, Jjj^j ^Jji uuJjJÛ jj uUjÛaAJJ jLSAJ
y-S^b 3-Sja <LS juJk^J jLSAj ( Outlet )jb4jjjjjj ^jjjS t-uJjAj j JjiSjLuU jj jûj,jai juuJuJ
jj ii<LSjjjj ^JLuS j jj<Lw<U & Ethernet Port ) j ujjLw<Ujj ^Sajjjj iijlj>uj <U j <ulj LjjjLS
.ûjjuuJjjj

32. ASHBK ^jjjS
Patch - Panel
<U ^jLSjLwLj j uUjclj >j Qj>uAdj jLSaj I: ( Network )
^ljjj 4J $>wlj ,»aj
j$*Iu ( Switch ) <u ûu<u<&: jLSj( Cable ) ûj>jjjb b( Raek )
jLU . lj( Cable )
>L4j

33. ASHBKyjj^
pdJ Iju/ (jûAj
IP Address

34. ASHBKeJj^
IP Address
IP (Internet Protocol)
Ifyp jAuAJ ûjjuba lyj Sjj uSjjptJ j4A jjj-b ( Computer ) 4S ^<ujjUj j43 <u Pjj (Ip)
45 djjUAÛjtej LMPAi jp&Uj JijUj <U j ÛJjjÛJ LjIJ (jjlpJJ Jj4jLtujjLj fk4j i£45jj <U
bjJ jsûjpû guA 43 4Jijl»j jijjjj 6j4u>ttUj ^ÛJ ÛÛJ4A ^jp- (Ip) ÛJJii LjjJiJ dJjjj ^ii-lJ
.jj4IÛjIj Jjbjjj
IP Version 4 j( 4 ) ^ijjûl ( IP ) 4j4A j ûjjjISjj &j4j LLuij
j IJlw<u ( 4 )
j4u4j jjljSittAjlj <£ ûjj Uii ( binary )
^jAjjb Pj ( 32bit ) 43 Ip Version 4
(jJJJ (^Uaj 4J (jjLwb j4j4J 4S Qjj ULj ûj ub4A 4J UiuyAJ j4A 4jIj pû4A ( Octct ) ^jjjjj ^xi
IP Version LLbj ) f ( 131.107.2.2 ) f ( 192.168.1.1 ) f ( 10.100.0.1 )djj ûjjjjj jLiu* **
**V
( Operating ij f
jjljjJu4i jb<u LLuub j»V<u ûjj Uib { 1 28 bit ) <U 4S jjIjS uwjjj 6
( .ûLSjj j ( Support ) ( Vista ) ^jj ^LSjjLj jSystem)
ûuJ( 255-1 ) 41 <U4ilj4lUJj( Octet) j4A 4ÛjÛjm4)j44
43 ûjj Uiûj j ûlSjJuj j4jjm»jS 4S JU4iUj j4j 4jj ijJjjxMjS ^jjij
iuuj ^jL&û Binary Ê
d4j4i>-y JÛ40 f
ûLSjj jLSLÛA j bj4r- j jjLjj ^Luu^j 4£ji jjj >4j Lgj4j 4S ( 1 ) j ( 0 ) tjj iiJ
0000 ^j4bb <U 0
0001 1
0010 = 2
0011 = 3
0100 = 4
0101 = 5
0110 = 6
0111 = 7
1000 = 8

35. ASHBKeJj^
1001 = 9
x jjûUAj 4S t ( Class ) diljj jûj#- jj ajlIjSiuAjb ^Ubjj (Ip)
(126-1)*U t Class (A)
(191 -128)41 tClass(B)
(223-192)41 tClass(C)
(multicast packets ) jb ûjjm4JjLS4j ( 239 -224 ) 41 t Class (D)
(research purposes ) jlj4$’jj tjljSj*? ( 255 - 240 ) 41 t Class (E)
j ( Network ) jjjj tftjLsj j iJjLSAljj jJmAj ^JjSmJjIj (jLoj? (jLûljj jjJjjjSjjj jjUj jj
.ojJjjJ&dJ ^jjjj ojijlp- £4i4l j»4j b LLljj j4A <U jlSijj,*LÎ ij?L jlSi( Host )
^jjUj
host J<jUj
Im Class j><4 jl&
?43 jlS«jjJ tSL>M5
IwClass
(
Ip ) J ûjIj f*S*J Class
16777214 126 126.0.0.0 - l.O.O.O 126-1 A
65534 16382 191.254.0.0-128.1.0.0 191 -128 B
254 2097150 223.255.254.0-162.0.1.0 223 - 192 C
ij jjtfj luijjjj (Network) ( 126 )
jjl>joj b Class (A) 4t aS CujASdjjdj AS<uii- AJ
.
jûijli ( host ) JjpLj ji«Lj ( 16777214 )
îdjjjUjdJ jjç
jj tûl( Octet )
jLJ dlluAj Ij dju%jte 43 ij£Lb ( Octet ) jlj^ 41 ( 1P ) 4S JjS jUwLj
ujj4SiJjiJ tjijlj? 43 dtj , t( host )
jt a^ijSluJb jj( Network

36. ASHBKyjjJ : (yÛLUjjj
Class A
Class B
Class O
1 Octet 3 Octets
Network Host
2 Octets 2 Octets
Network Host
3 Octets 1 Octet
Network Host
jj »( Network) jj ( 1 Octet ) h Class (A) <tf jj ûjj&jjjj dtj
o
3j, ûiS3J iSjiiuJj ûj ( ) Lp<û b( network ) Jûjj <U fijj ( 2 ) <ûlj f 8 bit = ( 1 Octet )
jj( IP )
jçp-lj 3j 3( Network )
jj jilu%jJA IP )
^jSaj ^jjJj jAjJJ 1$jS3Jj3jJ &(2) 3jAj £(jj
ûuJ3J 3jj.j jaj <£Lwb AjIj ( Broadcast
n
Number of network = 2-2
= 126
4jIj j( host ) jj ( 3 Octet ) (j Class (A) A3 aû (j ( host ) jj fiAj
Number ofhost = 2
24
- 2
= 16,777,214
.jjj(ClassA ,
B > jj 3jj.j jl»AAAi 3j
: 3J<ÛIS3J jjjj jiSj ( Class ) JJAA? jj AJAiAp ?A
Class Size of Size of Number of Number of Number of
Network Network "Fixed" Bits Network Bits Networks
Field (Bytes) Field (Bits) at Beginning That Vary
A 1 8 1 7 27 - 2 = 126
B 2 16 2 14 2 14 = 16.192
C 3 24 3 21 221 = 2,097,152

37. ASHBK ijjjjÊ Lj :
Public & Private IP Addresses
Public:
jLSaj Internet &P At ajLImS j( Ip ) ,»<û (Public Ip) AJ jAA ^Jûb( IP ) j4j
Jj jrûljjjj <U>û AJ ÛJ<LJj<LA <(S (£>2j>£jJ j IJ4m<LJ Jjlyi^ ^iwJJ JJ<LS<UL.ûL.wjS <(S uJj.mAjJ
jLji- jj Ip ) jjj ( Internet Service Provide ) ( ISP ) £>!3i£3<u>£ ^jj£ujIj ^jjALjl
( IANA )
^^Sjj <L f
jj<L$j j,^
(Public ^j&uAjIj j<l<u jpji ^iwjj <lS Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
.ûLSjj J«<ulj( IP ) IjLSjjJUAj ^jb <l)( ARIN ) aj hlp)
{ American Registry for Internet Numbers ;( ARIN )
Private:
Jj<ÛLS<U ^lstA Jjjj <LJ JjljS Û<UJLJ Jjl!jr^<Û lJj<L«<U yiwJJ ûliu<LS j<UV<U J( IP ) Jjjp-
. ujjiu ijLS<u IjûLSj( LAN )
(^JJjS uwjjj <lJ ûûi^jjj ûUw<l£ jj ( LAN
Ij4i^ j»AJ <lS jjjj£ ^( Range ) jj*b dbj>l ULj( Class )
jAA AJ jtfj( Private IP
: Jjbj

38. ASHBK^
Static & Dynamic IP Address
Static:
jjjAA JJ ( IP ) j ûjjjlb j uJA&i Jû-ll ûudi JJ ûj^ 45 ^AJJi IP ) Jjj 4J ^ljyj
.
jjASo J^Ij 4£jjjj jJb ^LSjjIjLj
.( Static ) t2 aj ( IP
Start My Network Places
Network Tasks
Add a network place
View network connections*"
Q Set up a home or small
office network
^ Set up a wireless network
for a home or small office
jL View workgroup computers
!! Show icons for networked
UPnP devices
( Network Task )
jJUJQ u4^ <CUjj ijV jLub
V V
( View network connections )
jJUAJ ûUi£
jJJiSjj jjjjûLaj <ulj j 4SVU JiS ipjAj ULdS ûIjIj jLuoj jLû LSj( connection )
jLîb
jjlûjijj jj jb<Ujj<Lîû 4j fkdj jjdjbJjS ÛUIS jjj <U ^jjAj jSL.
jJuJJ UUlS jLub
jjdsjj

39. ASHBK^
jjdÛijjj jj jLtjj ijajdM 4j fUj
jAuAl jUlS
( Use the following address )
jj^Sjj
j jjjj dVL^- jLwL.
<U jjdSjj >U jLji- jjjjjlj <u (
ip
ûjj<ûLjj aS ( Range ) j ( Class )
jAA
( IP address )jA«ljAj ^jLwjj AJ
jJjjljj (jjLwjj <U jj f
jj^Sjj J^Ij ( IP
jjASjj djiSalS ( Subnet maslc
.ûSjj J^-Ij jjljj L;U $ IP ) & Class )
jAj ^ ( Subnet mask) jp-jAlwlj ^Sj( Windows )
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties r?ir><l
Dynamic:
Jjik' ^ ûjkjjj J^Ij & automatic )
jbjj^ ,»<û
( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ) ( DHCP )
jIaj jLwdSAj
uLSjj J&b ( APIPA ) IjAj j^j lijAjjûlj
jjjjAj ( IP ) $ automatic ) IjJLj jjj lijAjlJ j<u<U ( DHCP )
j^jaa U( Server )
jaZaj ?)Uj
. UjLSj( Clint )
j<u<u ûLSjj
( Use the following address )
^uU?- AJ ûJujj jûUjAj
. jjbj IjjjjjAw li^SAjjj <U ûIjj f
jjjj>d<u ( Obtain an IP address automatically )

40. ASHBKyjjJ
( Decimal ) jj ( Binary )j ( Binary ) jj ( Decimal ) Al
i ( Binary ) jj ( Decimal )
( Binary ) jj jjjjSu ( Decimal ) <Cu*?- ,»<u
Jjjb- jja? ûjijS ( 2 )
^jljj AS 4jIjuj ^jLSj ( Decimal ) jjLjj ûjAp ,»<û
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
î (Binary)Aj jj4Sjjj ji^( 192.1 68.0.2 )jdjjûij4A jL*(Decimal)^<yjjUjj4S4j
j juJJJlJ ( 1 ) uJjr^JJ Sj>3 4S ^AjIjUj Jjj jjAte) <U j jjjljj Jij jLSj( Octet ) d<U J4J
.( 0 ) 4S ^4J
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192 = 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
168 = 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
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