This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It aims to give students a basic understanding of modern networking technologies and terminology. The document covers networking models, protocols, physical network components like twisted pair cabling and wireless networks, data link protocols like Ethernet, and network layer protocols like IP. It explains key concepts like addressing, encapsulation, routing, and the difference between hubs and switches. The goal is to familiarize students with common networking topics in a short introductory course.
- The document introduces networking concepts and models including the OSI 7-layer model and simplified 4/5-layer model. It discusses the goals of understanding common networking technology and terminology as well as Stanford's network.
- Key concepts covered include the physical, data, and network layers of networking. The physical layer discusses cabling standards like Cat5 and wireless technologies. The data layer focuses on Ethernet standards and addressing. The network layer introduces routing and the Internet Protocol.
This document discusses Ethernet networking concepts and technologies. It provides an overview of the history and development of Ethernet, including the ALOHA network and the development of Ethernet II and IEEE 802.3 standards. The key differences between Ethernet II and IEEE 802.3 are described, such as frame formats, transceiver issues, and topological support. Manchester encoding is explained as a method used in Ethernet to detect transmission errors. Details are also given about the datalink layer, address formats, and the various 10 Mbps Ethernet specifications defined by IEEE 802.3.
Ethernet is a widely used local area network technology that operates at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI model. It uses CSMA/CD access method to share the transmission medium and detect collisions. Key Ethernet standards include 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T, and 10GBase-T for copper cable, as well as 100Base-FX and 1000Base-LX for fiber-optic cable. Switches help improve network performance by segmenting collision domains and enabling full-duplex transmissions.
This document discusses performance issues related to the interoperability between IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet or wired LAN) and IEEE 802.11 (wireless LAN) standards in a heterogeneous network environment. It provides an overview of the two standards, including their development and key features. The document then examines interoperability issues that can occur when combining these different network types. It describes how data is exchanged between wired and wireless networks at the data link layer. The document also presents results from a simulation that showed LAN data transfer to be faster than WLAN information exchange.
Ethernet is a family of networking technologies commonly used in LANs, MANs and WANs. It was first standardized in 1983 at 10 Mbps and has since been updated to support higher speeds up to 10 Gbps. Fast Ethernet runs at 100 Mbps using the same frame format as standard Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet runs at 1 Gbps while maintaining compatibility. Ten-Gigabit Ethernet operates at 10 Gbps while keeping the same frame format as prior standards.
1. The document discusses various computer network types including personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), wide area networks (WAN) and internetworks.
2. It also covers network topologies such as bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid topologies.
3. Additionally, it describes different number systems used in computers like the binary, octal and hexadecimal numbering systems.
1. The document discusses various computer network types including personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), wide area networks (WAN) and internetworks.
2. It also covers common LAN technologies like Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and virtual LANs. Different network topologies such as star, bus, ring and mesh are described.
3. The number systems used in computers like binary, octal and hexadecimal are explained along with examples of how to convert between number systems.
- The document introduces networking concepts and models including the OSI 7-layer model and simplified 4/5-layer model. It discusses the goals of understanding common networking technology and terminology as well as Stanford's network.
- Key concepts covered include the physical, data, and network layers of networking. The physical layer discusses cabling standards like Cat5 and wireless technologies. The data layer focuses on Ethernet standards and addressing. The network layer introduces routing and the Internet Protocol.
This document discusses Ethernet networking concepts and technologies. It provides an overview of the history and development of Ethernet, including the ALOHA network and the development of Ethernet II and IEEE 802.3 standards. The key differences between Ethernet II and IEEE 802.3 are described, such as frame formats, transceiver issues, and topological support. Manchester encoding is explained as a method used in Ethernet to detect transmission errors. Details are also given about the datalink layer, address formats, and the various 10 Mbps Ethernet specifications defined by IEEE 802.3.
Ethernet is a widely used local area network technology that operates at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI model. It uses CSMA/CD access method to share the transmission medium and detect collisions. Key Ethernet standards include 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T, and 10GBase-T for copper cable, as well as 100Base-FX and 1000Base-LX for fiber-optic cable. Switches help improve network performance by segmenting collision domains and enabling full-duplex transmissions.
This document discusses performance issues related to the interoperability between IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet or wired LAN) and IEEE 802.11 (wireless LAN) standards in a heterogeneous network environment. It provides an overview of the two standards, including their development and key features. The document then examines interoperability issues that can occur when combining these different network types. It describes how data is exchanged between wired and wireless networks at the data link layer. The document also presents results from a simulation that showed LAN data transfer to be faster than WLAN information exchange.
Ethernet is a family of networking technologies commonly used in LANs, MANs and WANs. It was first standardized in 1983 at 10 Mbps and has since been updated to support higher speeds up to 10 Gbps. Fast Ethernet runs at 100 Mbps using the same frame format as standard Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet runs at 1 Gbps while maintaining compatibility. Ten-Gigabit Ethernet operates at 10 Gbps while keeping the same frame format as prior standards.
1. The document discusses various computer network types including personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), wide area networks (WAN) and internetworks.
2. It also covers network topologies such as bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid topologies.
3. Additionally, it describes different number systems used in computers like the binary, octal and hexadecimal numbering systems.
1. The document discusses various computer network types including personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), wide area networks (WAN) and internetworks.
2. It also covers common LAN technologies like Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and virtual LANs. Different network topologies such as star, bus, ring and mesh are described.
3. The number systems used in computers like binary, octal and hexadecimal are explained along with examples of how to convert between number systems.
1) Networking computers together allows them to share resources like printers, storage, and internet connections. Recent advances in hardware and software have made networking easier and cheaper than ever.
2) Early computer networking involved remote access to mainframe computers via teletype machines. The development of Ethernet in the 1970s allowed local area networks with shared resources. Standards like 10BaseT and 100BaseT use inexpensive cabling and made networking affordable for homes and small offices.
3) USB networking is an alternative that avoids installing network cards - special USB cables allow connection and data transfer between computers at speeds around 5Mbps, suitable for small networks of 2-3 PCs.
1) Networking computers together allows them to share resources like printers, storage, and internet connections. Recent advances in hardware and software have made networking easier and cheaper than ever.
2) Early computer networking involved connecting remote terminals to mainframe computers. Ethernet was developed in the 1970s and standardized in the 1980s, allowing multiple computers and printers to communicate over coaxial or twisted pair cabling.
3) USB networking using special adapter cables provides an easy way to connect 2-3 computers without installing networking cards, achieving data transfer rates of around 5Mb/s.
A local area network (LAN) uses wired connections to connect devices within a limited geographic area like a building or campus. Ethernet became the dominant wired LAN technology using carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to regulate shared access to the transmission medium. Ethernet has evolved from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps standards to meet increasing bandwidth demands. Key components of wired LANs include network adapters, cabling, connectors, switches/hubs, and software protocols. Other historical wired LAN technologies like Token Ring and Token Bus used token passing for medium access but have been largely replaced by Ethernet.
The document discusses IEEE standards for local area networks (LANs) including Ethernet LANs, Token Ring LANs, and wireless LANs. It describes the IEEE 802 standards family, common LAN topologies and cabling, how CSMA/CD and token protocols work, and comparisons of Ethernet and Token Ring technologies. It also outlines wireless LAN specifications including 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.
1) The document provides a history of computer networking, beginning in the 1940s with remote access to mainframe computers and the development of timesharing in the 1960s.
2) It describes the key developments in Ethernet standards, including the first specification in 1976 supporting data transfer rates of 2.94 megabits per second using coaxial cable.
3) The document outlines standards that enabled faster Ethernet connections over cheaper cabling materials, including 10BaseT and 100BaseT, which support speeds of 10 and 100 megabits per second over twisted pair cable. These standards, along with Gigabit Ethernet, are described as suitable for modern home and small office networking.
The document discusses different types of computer networks including personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN). It focuses on local area networks and describes their key characteristics like limited size, high speeds up to 10 Gbps, low wiring requirements, and lower costs compared to other network types. Common LAN topologies like bus, ring, star, and tree are explained along with access control methods like token passing and CSMA/CD. Popular LAN technologies including Ethernet, Token Ring, and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) are also summarized.
This document provides information about Cisco and the CCNA certification. It discusses Cisco as a company and their networking products. The CCNA certification focuses on routing, switching, security, service provider, and voice communication skills. The CCNA exam contains questions in drag and drop and simulation formats. The document also summarizes different types of computer networks, common networking devices, cable types, topologies and more.
Advanced TCP/IP-based Industrial Networking for Engineers & TechniciansLiving Online
This document provides an overview of Ethernet, including:
- Ethernet originated in 1976 and was developed to interconnect sites on different Hawaiian islands using radio networks.
- Ethernet has evolved from supporting speeds of 10 Mbps to today's fastest speeds of 100 Gbps.
- Key aspects of Ethernet covered include frame structure, MAC addresses, variants such as 10BaseT, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and the progression of the IEEE 802.3 standard.
The place for free online training courses -networkingDavil Israely
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It explains that networks allow for communication between computers, sharing of data and peripherals. Specific examples are given of how networks enable sharing of files and printers between multiple computers in an office. The document then discusses some key networking hardware components like network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, and wireless access points. It also covers common network cabling types like coaxial, Cat5, and fiber optic cables. Finally, it provides an overview of common networking protocols like TCP/IP, NetBIOS, IPX/SPX, and AppleTalk as well as network services like DNS, WINS, and DHCP.
This document outlines an agenda for an Ethernet webinar that will cover several topics:
1. It introduces five Ethernet webinar courses that will be covered, including Ethernet introductions, Carrier Ethernet introductions, and introductions to new Gigabit Ethernet testers.
2. The agenda then lists specific topics that will be discussed in the webinar, including introductions to IEEE 802.3, the ISO/OSI reference model, the physical layer, ports, Power over Ethernet, duplexing, autonegotiation, Ethernet frames, and more.
3. It provides a brief history of data networks and Ethernet standards developed by IEEE and others.
A LAN is a network confined within a limited geographic area that connects computers. LANs can connect as few as three computers but often link hundreds used by thousands of people. Standard networking protocols and media have resulted in widespread use of LANs in businesses and schools. Common LAN technologies include Ethernet, phone lines, and wireless. Ethernet uses coaxial or twisted pair cabling and a hub to connect computers, while phone lines use existing telephone wiring. Wireless networks use radio signals and no cabling.
This document discusses various networking technologies including media types, network topologies, and LAN standards. It describes common media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also discusses network topologies like star, ring, and bus. Finally, it summarizes several LAN standards including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10-Gigabit Ethernet and how they have evolved to support higher bandwidths. It also briefly mentions other technologies like Token Ring, LocalTalk, and FDDI.
The document discusses key concepts of networking including the three basic elements required: network hardware, software, and protocols. It describes common network types like LAN, WAN, and MAN and compares peer-to-peer and server-based networks. The OSI reference model and TCP/IP model are explained along with common network devices, cabling, and IP addressing schemes.
Ethernet is a local area network protocol used in both bus and star topologies. It was developed in 1972 and standardized by IEEE as 802.3. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD access method and has evolved from 10 Mbps speeds using coaxial cable to today's Gigabit speeds using twisted pair or fiber optic cabling. The Ethernet frame contains destination and source addresses, data, and a frame check sequence for error detection.
LAN technologies allow computers to communicate over a shared medium. They use hardware addressing and MAC addresses to allow direct communication between any two hosts. Network interface cards connect computers to the physical network and use MAC addresses to identify devices. Common LAN technologies include Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and Wi-Fi, which use CSMA/CD protocols and packet framing to share the transmission medium.
Adhoc mobile wireless network enhancement based on cisco devicesIJCNCJournal
This document discusses enhancing the performance of ad hoc wireless networks using Cisco devices. It proposes using Cisco routers and access points to create a three-layer ad hoc network with endpoints, intermediate coordinators, and a core router layer for improved processing, reliability, cost, power consumption, and accessibility. It then outlines various protocols and configurations that could be implemented using Cisco devices, including NAT, ACLs, DHCP, and wireless security settings. Diagrams and tables show an example network topology and device IP addresses and configurations.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet networking including:
1. Ethernet uses layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model and the Network Access layer of the TCP/IP model. It evolved from early LAN technologies and uses frames, MAC addressing, and CSMA/CD.
2. Switches avoid collisions by forwarding frames only to destination ports, improving performance over hubs. Higher bandwidth standards like Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet require full-duplex links without collisions.
3. Ethernet addressing uses MAC addresses to identify devices locally and IP addresses to route between networks. ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses to allow communication between hosts.
Ethernet is a networking technology used in local area networks to connect computers within a physical space. It works by dividing data into packets called frames, which contain source and destination addresses and error detection mechanisms. There are two main types: classic Ethernet used lower speeds and a single shared cable, while switched Ethernet uses switches to connect devices at higher speeds over dedicated segments. Wireless LANs using the 802.11 standard are also increasingly common, connecting devices via access points to other networks.
Here are some key advantages and disadvantages of network virtualization:
Advantages:
- Increased flexibility and agility. Virtual networks can be quickly created and configured on demand. This allows for rapid provisioning of test/development environments and easier configuration changes.
- Improved resource utilization. Virtualization allows multiple virtual networks to utilize the same physical networking hardware, improving overall utilization of switches, routers, and other devices.
- Simplified management. Virtual networks can be centrally managed as logical entities rather than individual physical devices, reducing management overhead.
- Enhanced availability. Virtual networks and workloads can be live migrated in case of hardware failures to ensure continuity of operations.
Disadvantages:
- Performance
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
1) Networking computers together allows them to share resources like printers, storage, and internet connections. Recent advances in hardware and software have made networking easier and cheaper than ever.
2) Early computer networking involved remote access to mainframe computers via teletype machines. The development of Ethernet in the 1970s allowed local area networks with shared resources. Standards like 10BaseT and 100BaseT use inexpensive cabling and made networking affordable for homes and small offices.
3) USB networking is an alternative that avoids installing network cards - special USB cables allow connection and data transfer between computers at speeds around 5Mbps, suitable for small networks of 2-3 PCs.
1) Networking computers together allows them to share resources like printers, storage, and internet connections. Recent advances in hardware and software have made networking easier and cheaper than ever.
2) Early computer networking involved connecting remote terminals to mainframe computers. Ethernet was developed in the 1970s and standardized in the 1980s, allowing multiple computers and printers to communicate over coaxial or twisted pair cabling.
3) USB networking using special adapter cables provides an easy way to connect 2-3 computers without installing networking cards, achieving data transfer rates of around 5Mb/s.
A local area network (LAN) uses wired connections to connect devices within a limited geographic area like a building or campus. Ethernet became the dominant wired LAN technology using carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to regulate shared access to the transmission medium. Ethernet has evolved from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps standards to meet increasing bandwidth demands. Key components of wired LANs include network adapters, cabling, connectors, switches/hubs, and software protocols. Other historical wired LAN technologies like Token Ring and Token Bus used token passing for medium access but have been largely replaced by Ethernet.
The document discusses IEEE standards for local area networks (LANs) including Ethernet LANs, Token Ring LANs, and wireless LANs. It describes the IEEE 802 standards family, common LAN topologies and cabling, how CSMA/CD and token protocols work, and comparisons of Ethernet and Token Ring technologies. It also outlines wireless LAN specifications including 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.
1) The document provides a history of computer networking, beginning in the 1940s with remote access to mainframe computers and the development of timesharing in the 1960s.
2) It describes the key developments in Ethernet standards, including the first specification in 1976 supporting data transfer rates of 2.94 megabits per second using coaxial cable.
3) The document outlines standards that enabled faster Ethernet connections over cheaper cabling materials, including 10BaseT and 100BaseT, which support speeds of 10 and 100 megabits per second over twisted pair cable. These standards, along with Gigabit Ethernet, are described as suitable for modern home and small office networking.
The document discusses different types of computer networks including personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN). It focuses on local area networks and describes their key characteristics like limited size, high speeds up to 10 Gbps, low wiring requirements, and lower costs compared to other network types. Common LAN topologies like bus, ring, star, and tree are explained along with access control methods like token passing and CSMA/CD. Popular LAN technologies including Ethernet, Token Ring, and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) are also summarized.
This document provides information about Cisco and the CCNA certification. It discusses Cisco as a company and their networking products. The CCNA certification focuses on routing, switching, security, service provider, and voice communication skills. The CCNA exam contains questions in drag and drop and simulation formats. The document also summarizes different types of computer networks, common networking devices, cable types, topologies and more.
Advanced TCP/IP-based Industrial Networking for Engineers & TechniciansLiving Online
This document provides an overview of Ethernet, including:
- Ethernet originated in 1976 and was developed to interconnect sites on different Hawaiian islands using radio networks.
- Ethernet has evolved from supporting speeds of 10 Mbps to today's fastest speeds of 100 Gbps.
- Key aspects of Ethernet covered include frame structure, MAC addresses, variants such as 10BaseT, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and the progression of the IEEE 802.3 standard.
The place for free online training courses -networkingDavil Israely
This document provides an introduction to computer networking concepts. It explains that networks allow for communication between computers, sharing of data and peripherals. Specific examples are given of how networks enable sharing of files and printers between multiple computers in an office. The document then discusses some key networking hardware components like network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, and wireless access points. It also covers common network cabling types like coaxial, Cat5, and fiber optic cables. Finally, it provides an overview of common networking protocols like TCP/IP, NetBIOS, IPX/SPX, and AppleTalk as well as network services like DNS, WINS, and DHCP.
This document outlines an agenda for an Ethernet webinar that will cover several topics:
1. It introduces five Ethernet webinar courses that will be covered, including Ethernet introductions, Carrier Ethernet introductions, and introductions to new Gigabit Ethernet testers.
2. The agenda then lists specific topics that will be discussed in the webinar, including introductions to IEEE 802.3, the ISO/OSI reference model, the physical layer, ports, Power over Ethernet, duplexing, autonegotiation, Ethernet frames, and more.
3. It provides a brief history of data networks and Ethernet standards developed by IEEE and others.
A LAN is a network confined within a limited geographic area that connects computers. LANs can connect as few as three computers but often link hundreds used by thousands of people. Standard networking protocols and media have resulted in widespread use of LANs in businesses and schools. Common LAN technologies include Ethernet, phone lines, and wireless. Ethernet uses coaxial or twisted pair cabling and a hub to connect computers, while phone lines use existing telephone wiring. Wireless networks use radio signals and no cabling.
This document discusses various networking technologies including media types, network topologies, and LAN standards. It describes common media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also discusses network topologies like star, ring, and bus. Finally, it summarizes several LAN standards including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10-Gigabit Ethernet and how they have evolved to support higher bandwidths. It also briefly mentions other technologies like Token Ring, LocalTalk, and FDDI.
The document discusses key concepts of networking including the three basic elements required: network hardware, software, and protocols. It describes common network types like LAN, WAN, and MAN and compares peer-to-peer and server-based networks. The OSI reference model and TCP/IP model are explained along with common network devices, cabling, and IP addressing schemes.
Ethernet is a local area network protocol used in both bus and star topologies. It was developed in 1972 and standardized by IEEE as 802.3. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD access method and has evolved from 10 Mbps speeds using coaxial cable to today's Gigabit speeds using twisted pair or fiber optic cabling. The Ethernet frame contains destination and source addresses, data, and a frame check sequence for error detection.
LAN technologies allow computers to communicate over a shared medium. They use hardware addressing and MAC addresses to allow direct communication between any two hosts. Network interface cards connect computers to the physical network and use MAC addresses to identify devices. Common LAN technologies include Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and Wi-Fi, which use CSMA/CD protocols and packet framing to share the transmission medium.
Adhoc mobile wireless network enhancement based on cisco devicesIJCNCJournal
This document discusses enhancing the performance of ad hoc wireless networks using Cisco devices. It proposes using Cisco routers and access points to create a three-layer ad hoc network with endpoints, intermediate coordinators, and a core router layer for improved processing, reliability, cost, power consumption, and accessibility. It then outlines various protocols and configurations that could be implemented using Cisco devices, including NAT, ACLs, DHCP, and wireless security settings. Diagrams and tables show an example network topology and device IP addresses and configurations.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet networking including:
1. Ethernet uses layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model and the Network Access layer of the TCP/IP model. It evolved from early LAN technologies and uses frames, MAC addressing, and CSMA/CD.
2. Switches avoid collisions by forwarding frames only to destination ports, improving performance over hubs. Higher bandwidth standards like Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet require full-duplex links without collisions.
3. Ethernet addressing uses MAC addresses to identify devices locally and IP addresses to route between networks. ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses to allow communication between hosts.
Ethernet is a networking technology used in local area networks to connect computers within a physical space. It works by dividing data into packets called frames, which contain source and destination addresses and error detection mechanisms. There are two main types: classic Ethernet used lower speeds and a single shared cable, while switched Ethernet uses switches to connect devices at higher speeds over dedicated segments. Wireless LANs using the 802.11 standard are also increasingly common, connecting devices via access points to other networks.
Here are some key advantages and disadvantages of network virtualization:
Advantages:
- Increased flexibility and agility. Virtual networks can be quickly created and configured on demand. This allows for rapid provisioning of test/development environments and easier configuration changes.
- Improved resource utilization. Virtualization allows multiple virtual networks to utilize the same physical networking hardware, improving overall utilization of switches, routers, and other devices.
- Simplified management. Virtual networks can be centrally managed as logical entities rather than individual physical devices, reducing management overhead.
- Enhanced availability. Virtual networks and workloads can be live migrated in case of hardware failures to ensure continuity of operations.
Disadvantages:
- Performance
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
2. 2
Goals of class
Basic understanding of common
modern networking technology and
terminology
What makes Stanford’s network
“special”
This class is reduced from a 9-hour class to a 90-minute class. The old, outdated, 9-hour presentation can
be found at https://www.stanford.edu/group/networking/NetConsult/IntroNet/
3. 3
Not Goals of Class
Deep understanding of networking
Server administration
Setting up your computer
How to use email, web, etc.
Troubleshooting (another Tech Briefing)
TCP/IP details (another Tech Briefing)
4. 4
What is a “Network”?
A network is a way to get “stuff”
between 2 or more “things”
Examples: Mail, phone system,
conversations, railroad system,
highways and roads.
5. 5
Computer Networking Models
Models, also called protocol stacks, represented in layers, help to
understand where things go right or wrong.
OSI 7-layer model DOD 3-layer model Simplified 4/5-layer model
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data
Physical
Application
Protocol
Local Network
(LAN)
Transport
Network
Data
Physical
Application
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) mnemonic: All People Seem To Need Data Processing. If you ever take
a test on networking, you’ll have to now this, otherwise, use the simplified model.
6. 6
Protocol Concepts
Protocols are sets of rules.
What do you want to do? (Application)
Where are you going? (Addressing)
How do you get there? (Media types)
Did you get there? (Acknowledgments,
Error checking)
7. 7
Physical Layer (Layer 1)
Nowadays: Pretty much just Cat 5 (or
Cat 5e or Cat6) twisted pair copper wire
and microwave (wireless).
Other: Fiber (multi-mode or single-
mode) coaxial copper (thick- and thin-
net), Cable Modem, plain phone (DSL),
microwaves (wireless ethernet), etc.
8. 8
Twisted Pair (Cat 5/5e, Cat 6)
Unshielded twisted pairs. Twists in wire keep down interference (from
fluorescent lights, for example). Cat5e has more twists than Cat5, costs
a bit more, works better for Gigabit, can exceed the 100m limitation for
100Mbit ethernet. Cat6 even more so.
Cat3 and 4 are older, fewer twists, similar to phone, only good for
10Mbit. Phones work on Cat5/5e so current University standard is
Cat5e (or Cat6 for special situations) everywhere. You can mix them,
so don’t worry about buying Cat6 jumpers if you want.
Good for up to 100m, we don’t like to go over 80m when wiring a
building though.
Standard connecter: RJ45.
Star topology: each user gets their own path, easy to troubleshoot,
costs more than a shared topology. Troubleshooting costs so much that
bus and ring (shared) topologies are functionally dead.
9. 9
Twisted Pair (continued)
Common Terms: 10BaseT, 100BaseT, 1000BaseT. The “T” is for
Twisted pair, the number is the speed, the base is “baseband” and ask
someone with an EE degree what that means.
8 strands, 4 pairs. A couple of different standards, but 568A and 568B
are the most common. Stanford uses 568B (for 568A, swap the labels
for pairs 2 and 3, but no real functional difference):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Strands:
Pairs: 1
(blue)
2 (orange)
3 (green)
4
(brown)
10BaseT and 100BaseT only use pairs 2 and 3, so you may see some cables
with only 4 strands, but since 1000T (gigabit) uses all pairs, don’t keep those
cables.
568B:
10. 10
Physical: Wireless
Terms: 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g (coming soon: 802.16 a.k.a.
“WiMax”)
Uses microwave radio waves in the 2.4Ghz (802.11b and g) and
5.4Ghz (802.11a and n) bands to transmit data. These are unregulated
frequencies, so other things (cordless phones, etc.) can use the same
frequencies, but hopefully one or the other is smart enough to hop
frequencies to stay clear of the other. 802.11b and g devices can use
the same access points easily. 802.11a requires separate (or dual)
antennae.
For the most part, completely and utterly insecure. Very easy to capture
someone else’s data. Make sure your application is secure (SSL, SSH,
etc.)
Although 802.11b at 11Mbps is the slowest (both 802.11a and g claim
54Mbps, 12-20Mbps in practice) it’s the cheapest and most ubiquitous,
so you’ll still find some at Stanford. New ITS wireless is 802.11g.
11. 11
Data Layer (Layer 2)
The data layer takes the 1’s and 0’s handed it by the Network layer and
turns them into some kind of signal that can go over the physical layer
(electrical current, light pulses, microwaves, etc.) It also takes this
signal and turns it back into 1’s and 0’s to pass up the stack on the
receiving end.
If there might be more than 2 devices on the connection, some form of
addressing scheme is required to get the packet to the right
destination.
Some data layers: Token Ring, FDDI, LocalTalk, and the
overwhelmingly most common data layer protocol: Ethernet.
12. 12
Data Layer: Ethernet
CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense, Multiple Access, Collision Detect. Simple!
Since Ethernet was designed to be on shared media, with 2 or more
users, and the “more” part can be very big (that’s the “Multiple Access”
part) you have to listen to see if anyone else is talking before you talk
(Carrier Sense) and if you and someone else start talking at the same
time, notice it (Collision Detect), say “excuse me” stop and try again
later. A polite free for all with rules.
Ethernet is 10Mbit (10 million bits per second) only. Fast ethernet,
which has nearly the same rules, is 100Mbit only. Gigabit ethernet is
1000Mbit only. Some Network Interface Cards (NIC’s) can speak at 10
or 100 (and sometimes 10 or 100 or 1000) but each end has to be
using the same speed or there’s no connection. 10Mbit at one end and
100Mbit at the other end won’t work.
13. 13
Ethernet: Addressing
Since there can be many users on an ethernet network, everyone has
to have their own unique address.
This is called the Media Access Control (or MAC) address, or
sometimes ethernet address, physical address, adaptor address,
hardware addres, etc.
It’s a 12-digit (48 bit) hexadecimal address that is unique to that
ethernet adaptor and no other in the world. It can be written as
00:30:65:83:fc:0a or 0030.6583.fc0a or 003065:83fc0a or 00-30-65-83-
fc-0a but they all mean the same thing.
The first 6 digits are the Vendor code, (003065 belongs to Apple), the
last 6 are the individual inteface’s own. Like a car’s VIN. See
http://coffer.com/mac_find/ to look up some vendor codes.
14. 14
Ethernet: Finding your
Address(es)
On Windows 95/98, from the “run” menu type “winipcfg”
On Windows NT, 2000, XP and Vista, open a command window and
type “ipconfig /all” (Vista shows lots of extra junk). Make sure you get the one
for the actual ethernet adaptor, not the loopback or PPP!
On MacOS 9, open the TCP/IP control panel and select “Get info”
On MacOS X and most Unix or Unix-like systems, from a terminal, type
ifconfig -a.
Instructions with nice pictures are at
http://www.stanford.edu/services/ess/pc/sunet.html and
http://www.stanford.edu/services/ess/mac/sunet.html
Just type “ess” in your browser.
15. 15
Ethernet addresses: now
what?
To send someone a message, start with a broadcast
(FFFF.FFFF.FFFF) asking “where’s Bob?” Everyone’s supposed to look
at broadcasts.
“Bob” replies, in his reply, he includes his ethernet address. Since
every ethernet packet has the destination and sender address listed,
“Bob” knows your address (from your broadcast packet) so doesn’t
have to start with a broadcast.
For the rest of the conversation, you’ll put each other’s address as the
destination (and yours as the sender), so the conversation can pass
along the ethernet media between you.
Who’s “Bob” and how did he get that name? That’s a layer 3 (Network)
problem, layer 2 (Data) doesn’t care.
16. 16
Hubs vs. Switches
Hubs are shared media devices. Everyone sees everyone’s packets,
you’re only supposed to pay attention to those specifically directed to
you, or to broadcasts. Not too secure, but cheap. Most wireless still
qualifies as a “hub,” while actual wired ethernet hubs are becoming
hard to find.
Switches aren’t shared, most of the time. The switch pays attention to
the packets and makes a list of the “sender” ethernet addresses and
makes a table (it removes old data after a while). When a packet
comes along whose destination address is in the table (because that
host has recently “talked” and identified itself) the packet only goes to
that port. Unknown packets and broadcasts still go to all ports, but
overall, there are nearly no collisions and is generally more secure.
Switches are now much more common than hubs.
17. 17
Network Layer (Layer 3)
Network packets can be routed. This means they can be passed from
one local network to another. Data layer packets can’t be routed,
they’re local only. Your computer can only get data layer packets on its
data layer interface, so network layer packets have to be stuffed inside
the data layer packets. This is called “encapsulation” and is why a
layered model is so handy.
When you link computers up, via layers 1 (Physical) and 2 (Data) you
get a network. When you link networks up, you get an internetwork.
You need the Network layer (3) to get data between all the little
networks (often called subnets) of your internetwork. There’s one
internetwork so well known, it drops the “work” and gets a capital “I.”
(There was a recent college Jeopardy final “answer” about the Internetwork!)
Network Layer Protocols: Internet Protocol (IP) and some others that
aren’t used any more (AppleTalk, Netware, etc.)
18. 18
Network Layer: IP
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the Network layer protocol used on the
Internet! It’s so handy that most everyone uses it on all their networks
big and small.
Designed for huge, ever-expanding networks of networks. Works pretty
well with unreliable links, routes can be re-built when links go down.
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol. Turns an IP number into an
ethernet number, very important. Instead of asking “Who’s Bob?” you
ask “Who’s 172.19.4.15” and if you get a reply, associate the ethernet
address with the IP address in your arp table, and now you can keep
sending your data to the intended recipient via the correct ethernet
address.
Remember: the only packet you can actually send on ethernet is an
ethernet packet, everything else has to be stuffed inside it.
19. 19
IP Addressing
IP addresses consists of 4 “octets” such as: 171.64.20.23
Each “octet” consists of numbers between 0 and 255 (or OO and FF in
hex! Don’t ask why ethernet is in hex but IP isn’t, they just are.)
It works sort of like the phone system, with “area codes” to the left, then
“prefix” etc. but more flexible. On campus, your computer will know that
“171.64.” means “Stanford” while it will figure out that “20” means “Pine
Hall” and will learn that “23” means the computer called “networking.” It
does this via subnet masking (in this case, 255.255.255.0), which isn’t
covered in this class.
Stanford’s Network ranges are: 171.64.0.0 through 171.67.255.255,
128.12.0.0 through 128.12.255.255 and a few others.
20. 20
IP: Domain Name
Resolution (DNS)
Since most people find it easier to remember names instead of
numbers, IP numbers can and almost always are associated with
names.
Your computer, however, needs a number, so the Domain Name
System (DNS) exists to make everyone happy.
A name, such as networking.stanford.edu tells you the first (or top)
level domain (.edu, for educational institutions) the second level
domain (stanford) and the actual host’s name (networking). If you want
the number for a host name within stanford.edu, you’ll ask one of our
DNS servers to give it to you. If you need to go outside stanford.edu,
you’ll still ask our servers, but they’ll figure out which other server(s)
should get your request, send it to them, and will send the reply back to
you.
21. 21
DNS Servers
Since you need the DNS servers to turn names into numbers, you
really need to know the numbers of the DNS servers.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), not covered in this
class, can hand this information to you automatically.
Stanford’s main DNS servers for campus users are:
Caribou, 171.64.7.55
Cassandra, 171.64.7.77
Cilantro, 171.64.7.99
Cicci, 171.64.7.121
We have others, but these are the most important ones for most
campus people.
22. 22
IP: Routing. “How do you get there
from here?”
As mentioned before, you can only send ethernet packets out of your
ethernet interface, and ethernet packets stay on your local network.
You can put an IP (Network layer) packet inside of an ethernet (data
layer) packet, but somebody’s got to pass it along, and that
somebody’s a router.
Every IP number not on your local network will “belong” to your router
in your ARP table.
If you want to talk to someone outside your local network, you’ll send
that ethernet packet to your router’s ethernet address and trust that it
will work afterwards. It’s out of your hands now. You know what’s “local”
or “not” by the subnet mask.
23. 23
More routing.
Routers keep tables of networks, often many and often large.
Routers know: 1- Networks directly connected to them (sometimes one
or two, sometimes a hundred or more), 2- Networks connected to their
“friends and neighbors” and 3- The “default route” for everything else.
When your ethernet packet arrives at the router, it takes the Network
packet (and all its contents), looks at the destination IP number, checks
its tables, and sends a new ethernet (or other layer 2) packet (where
the “sender” is now the router, not you) out the (hopefully) correct
interface. That may go to the final host if it’s on one of the routers
directly connected networks, or to another router, which does the same
process, until your packet gets to the router responsible for that local
network, who then sends your packet to to the intended host. Whether
your final destination host is in the next building or on the other side of
the world, it works the same way.
24. 24
Who’s my router?
We serve most people on campus with only a handful of routers, each
one serving many different networks.
We also “cheat,” in that we used to tell you on the main campus to use
171.64.1.1 (and perhaps 171.65.1.1, 171.66.1.1 and 171.67.1.1) which
really isn’t your router, but is much easier to remember. Plus we use a
subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, which is another “cheat.”
When you try to talk to the “1.1” router, your actual router will intercept
the packet and say: “That’s me, I’ll take care of that !” and you’ll be
none the wiser.
This “cheat” is called Proxy ARP, and isn’t really necessary any more.
DHCP hands out the correct router and subnet mask, and the new
departmental firewalls don’t support Proxy ARP, so we’re going to stop
this cheat all over campus as soon as we can. Move to using DHCP, it
makes your life easier!
25. 25
It really can’t be a networking class
without ping and traceroute
Ping and Traceroute are two somewhat useful tools for looking at and
learning about your network.
Ping sends a small packet to a host which may or may not choose to
reply to it, and times how long the packet takes to get back. Lack of a
reply doesn’t indicate a problem with the host or network.
Traceroute asks all routers along the path between you and the
destination host if they’d like to respond to you, and times how long
each of 3 requests take to get back to you. Some routers may not
respond, but may still pass the traceroute packet along, and many
hosts will not reply to the traceroute inquiry at all. Lack of a reply
doesn’t indicate a problem with the host or network.
26. 26
Review.
What’s a network?
What’s a Protocol Stack?
What happened to layers 4 through 7?
What’s Cat 5? Cat 5e? What layer are they?
What’s Ethernet? Why do I care?
What’s IP?
What kind of conversations can my computer have? Who can help it
with more conversations?
What’s DNS?
What’s a router do? Why do I care? Does each building have one?
27. 27
Resources
Networking Web Page: http://www.stanford.edu/services/network/
Lots of links. Check out SUNet reports for lots of statistics on our
network.
LNA Guide: http://lnaguide.stanford.edu
Go to “training” for this presentation and others.
Stanford’s wireless networks: http://wirelessnet.stanford.edu
Wireless Guest feature: http://wirelessguest.stanford.edu
Essential Stanford Software: http://ess.stanford.edu
Instructions with pictures on how to get your computer onto the
network.