The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including network topologies (star, mesh, hybrid), transmission media (twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, infrared), network devices (switches, routers, gateways), and standards (cable standards, types of switches, functions of routers and gateways). It provides information on LAN, MAN, WAN and other network types as well as guided and unguided transmission media.

1. B.LOGESWARAN .,ME., MISTE
PRINCIPAL
CHEYYAR POLY.COLLEGE

2. Star topology

3. Star topology
 in fig .. All the device are connected to a
central device is called hub or switch
 Hub act as a controller of the topology
 Network address –uniquely identified
 If device want to send a data to another
device --- it send the data to the controller
 The controller re direct to send the proper
designation

4. Advantages
 Easy to add new device
 Less expensive
 Easy to install and re configure
 Easy to monitor and trouble shoot
 Since its have multilink if one link is failure
another link is not effected

5. Disadvantages
 More cable required
 If controller fail means entire network fail

6. Mesh topology

7. Mesh topology
 Each device is connected with all other
devices
 The device is identified by names of address
 If the device want to send a data to another
… it can send directly

8. Advantages
 Data can be transmitted from different
devices simultaneously
 If one device in the network fails there is an
alternate path to do communication
 Expansion and modification cannot affect the
network

9. Disadvantages
 High expensive
 Maintenance very difficult
 Many conections

10. Hybrid topology

11. Hybrid topology
 combing more than one network topology
 Advantages :
 Fault detection very easy
 It is easy to increase the size of the network
 Adding new component without effecting the
network

12. Disadvantages
 Very difficult to design
 High cost hub

13. Types of networks
 Need for computer networks
 Files shared among different user
 It allows sharing of mass central storage
and printers
 It provides data security
 Data backup facility
 File / record and locking

14. Network types
 LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK )
MAN (METROPOLITIAN NETWORK )
WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK )
CAN ( CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK )
 HAN ( HOME AREA NETWORK )
 INTERNET
 INTRANET
 EXTRANET

15. LOCAL AREA NETWORK

16. Explanation ….
 Network connection implemented with in
buildings and offices
 Bus ring star
 Network management is very easy
 The cost of data communication is low
 Message send through server

17. METROPOLITIAN NETWORK

18. MAN

19. MAN
 In this connection implemented in highly
populated city
 It is interconnection of LANS
 It supports both text and voice
 It allows data sharing between LANS
 more number of user can added in than LAN

20. Wide area network
 network connection implemented with in a
large geographical countries
It covers large distance
It can be used for all types of user
Any type of resources can be shared

21. WAN

22. WAN

23. CONTROL AREA NETWORK

24. CAN
 It is a special network standard desinged to
enable communication among electronic
devices inside a vehicle (car ,bus ,ship,
aircraft ) with out help of host computer
 Host processor –micro processor used to
decide the message to send and receive
 CAN –it is hardware used to receive and send
message

25. CAN USES
 Engine control unit ,channel door locks
,climate control
 High reliable communication
 It reduces the connection cost between the
device

26. Home area network

27. HAN
 Home area network
 Communication between the digital devices in
this home
 Two or three computers
 Printer fax scaners
 Internet connection
 A/C
 Home security system
 tv

28. HAN
 Home appliances such as microovan ,a/c ,
lighting etc.. Can be controlled automatically
 Remote control
 Internet connection
 Computer resources share

29. Inter net

30. Intra net

31. Intranet

32. Intranet
 It is a private network of computer with in an
organization
 Either using wire or wireless
 IP address
 Intranet to access the internet by using
network gate ways with a firewall

33. Uses
 Productivity of the organization increased
 Faster communication between the different
department
 Cost effective
 Promote common corporate culture

34. Uses
 Productivity of the organization increased
 Faster communication between the different
department
 Cost effective
 Promote common corporate culture

35. Extranet
 An extranet is a controlled private network
that allows access to partners, vendors and
suppliers or an authorized set of customers
 Uses :
 Exchange large volumes of data
using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
 Share product catalogs exclusively with trade
partners
 Collaborate with other companies on joint
development efforts

36. Extranet

37. Disadvantages
 Its is not secure
 Not effective cost

38. Client server

39. Server
 server is a power machine with multi user
operating system
 More no .of .user access at a time

40. CLIENT
 Client is a small computer
 The client access the data to the server
 The client request the server
 Server response the client

41. Peer to peer network

42. p2p
 It is an network communication model in
which system has capability it initiate
communication with other system with out
centralized device

43. Transmission media
 The information are transmitted between
sender and receiver in the form of
electromagnetic waves
 Transmission media are located below the
physical layer
 Computers use signals to represent data.
 Signals are transmitted in form of
electromagnetic energy.

44. Characteristics
 Cost effective
 High band width
 Broad band and baseband usage
 Low attenuation
 low interference

45. Classification
 Transmission Media
 Guided Media (Wired)
Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
Unguided Media (Wireless)
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infrared

46. Guided media: twisted pair

47. Twisted pair

48. UTP VS STP

50. COAXIAL CABLE

51. Coaxial cable
 Copper core inner layer
 Insulation
 Plastic cover
 Based on the thickness cable divided into two
types
 Thin net
 Thick net

52. Thin net

53. Thin vs thick
Thin net Thick net
Flexible cable Rigid cable
0.25inch thick 0.5 inch diameter
Carry signal 185 Mts Carry signal 500 Mts

54. Advantages of coaxial
 The transmission rate is about 10 Mbps
 Good electrical resistance
 Maximum cable lengh is 185 m
 Flexible and easy to work

55. Disadvantages
 Not secure
 It is easy to change the configuration

56. Fiber optic cable

57. Fiber optic

58. Optical fiber
 Fiber optic cable uses lights rather than
electrical pulses to transmit signals
 Pure glass cylinder
 It surrounded by cladding
 Signal can passes only one direction
 Led and laser signals

59. Types
 Single mode fiber
 Multimode fiber
 Plastic optical fiber

60. Types

61. Advantages
 Transmission rate 100 mbps
 Cable length is up to 200 kmeter
 Not effected by electrical interference
 Supports voice video and data
 Secured

62. Disadvantages
 Cabling is expensive
 Maintenance and installation is very difficult
 Break very easily

63. Un guided media
 Transport electromagnetically
 Wireless communication
 Signals are send through air
Radio wave
Micro wave
Infrared

64. Radio wave

65. Radio wave propagations

67. infrared

68. Infrared
 300 GHZ TO 400 GHZ
 It is invisible for human
 LED transmitted and photo diode to receive
the signal
 IrDA (infrared digital association )
 Pc ,laptop ,tv ,game control

69. Advantages
 Low cost
 Low power required
 High security
 Portable
 No interference from other devices

70. Disadvantages
 Short distance communication
 Transmitter must be in line with receiver
 Direct sunlight , rain dust effected the
transmittion

71. LOS low orbit satellite

72. LOS
 LOS is a circular orbit about 1200 mile or
1600 k meter above the earth surface
 the satellite in this orbit is called LOS
 USES :
 Data loss is low
 Used for e-mail ,video conferencing etc…
 Path loss is very less

73. VSAT

74. VSAT
 Very small aperture terminal
 It is receive and transmit terminal installed in
various locations
 Transits and receive the signal in mass earth
stations

75. Main parts VSAT
 Central hub or Master earth station
 The satellite
 VSAT Earth stations

76. VSAT
 Central hub consists of internal service
provider connected with parabolic antenna
through the satellite modem and transreceiver
 Two types of VSAT communication
 One way communication : DTH
 Two way communications : internet access
and ATM Services

77. Cable standards
 Network cabling standards are used
internationally and are published by ISO/IEC,
CENELEC and the Telecommunications
Industry Association (TIA). ... ANSI/TIA-568-
C.3, Optical
FiberCabling Components Standard,
published 2008, plus errata issued in October,
2008.

78. Cable standards
 ANSI/TIA-568.0-D, Generic Telecommunications Cabling for
Customer Premises, 2015
 ANSI/TIA-568.1-D, Commercial Building
Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard, 2015
 ANSI/TIA-568-C.2, Balanced Twisted-Pair
Telecommunication Cabling and Components Standard,
published 2009
 ANSI/TIA-568-C.3, Optical Fiber Cabling Components
Standard, published 2008, plus errata issued in October,
2008.
 TIA-569-B (2004; Amd 1 2009) Commercial Building
Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A-2002, Administration Standard for
Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure.

79. Network devices
 Switches
 router
 gateway

80. switches
 A switch is a device in a computer
network that connects together other devices.
Multiple data cables are plugged into a switch
to enable communication between different
networked devices

81. Swiches

82. switch

83.  It consists buffer for each link
 if receive the packet first store in the buffer .
 Then it checks the designation address in the
internal address table called swiching table

84. Types of switches
 Store and forward switches
 Cut through
 Features :
 Reduce the workload for computer
 Increase the network performance
 Decrease the data collition

85. Router
 A router is a networking device that forwards
data packets between computer networks.
 Routers perform the traffic directing functions
on the Internet.
 A data packet is typically forwarded from one
router to another router through the networks
that constitute an internetwork
untilit reaches its destination node.

86. Router

87. Types of router
 Edge router
 Subscriber router
 Internal provider
 Core router

88. Router

89. gateway

90. Gateway
 Gate way is defined as internet working
system
 It is used to join the two networks
 Different communication protocol
 It operate seven layers of OSI model
 It receive the packet and convert one protocol
to another protocol

91. Gate way