lectures(1)

1. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Information
Technology
Fundamentals
Lecture 1By: Azar Abid Salih
MSc of Computer Science
D.P.U / Administrative Technical
College
IT Dept. / First Class

2. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Outlines:
• Basic Concepts of Computer & IT
• Computer System Components
• Hardware
• Software

3. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Basic Concepts of Computers & IT
 Computer are information processing
machine used in different departments and
organizations.
 They can be connected all over the world.
 Therefore, more productivity and good
quality with less cost.
Computer :

4. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Basic Concepts of Computers & IT (Cont.)
 Receive Input (Data raw facts)
 Process it according to
predefined instructions.
 Produce Output (Information which
is meaningful data).
Input
Data
Proces
s
Output
Computers perform three main operations:

5. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
The computer system is a base which is
built in it of the Information Technology
concepts. So, what is IT?
Information Technology (IT): A set of tools
that are used to:
 Receive, Process, Store retrieve, Print
and Transmit information in an
electronic form through computers.
 These forms can be: Text, Sound,
Picture or Video.
Information Technology (IT):

6. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Computer system
Hard WareSoft Ware
Computer
Type
Syste
m unit
Applicatio
n
Prog.
Languag
e
System
SW
Type
OutputCPU Input

7. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
The components of a
Computer System are:
 Hardware: Physical components
like Screen, Cables, Keyboard,
System Box and Printer.
 Software: A set of instructions
that tells the computer what to do
and how to do it. Such as:
 Word Processing
 Graphics Programs and
 Games.

8. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Hardware components of computers
are classified into four units, are:
1. Input Devices:
This group consists of devices that allow
people to put data into the computer in a form that the
computer can use. Such as: Keyboard and Mouse.
Hardware Components of Computers
2. Output Devices:
This group consists of devices that translate the
information processed by the computer into a form
that can understand. Such as: Monitor, Printer and
Speaker.

9. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
The CPU is the central electronic
chip that determines the processing power
of the computer. It the brain of computer.
Hardware Components (Cont.)
CPUs have three basic parts:
- Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
- Control Unit
- Cash Memory

10. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
4. System Unit:
This unit contains the
following parts:
 Motherboard or System Board.
 Memory.
 Power Supply.
 Disk Drives.
Hardware Components (Cont.)

11. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Question // Which devices are considered it both
Input / Output Units at the same time ?
 Touchscreen
 All Secondary Storage Devices.

12. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
 Hardware cannot work without Programs.
 A program is a set of sequence instructions
that tell the computer what to do.
Software Components:
 Software is a collection of programs, data
and information.

13. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
There are three kinds of software:
Computer Software
 System Software:
It is the software which used by the
computer or operates a computer system
such as operating systems:
Windows , Linux , …

14. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
 Applications Software:
It is the software used by users like:
 Word Processing (MS-Word)
 Spreadsheets (MS-Excel)
 Database (MS-Access)
 Email Programs
Computer Software (Cont.)

15. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
 Programming Languages:
A set of words, rules, syntax and
semantic used by a programmer to do a
special task.
There are many programming languages
such as:
C, C++, Java, Visual Basic, Visual C#, …
Computer Software (Cont.)

16. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Any question
?