The document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks course. It discusses how networks are used in everyday life and how they have changed the way people interact, learn, work and play. It also describes the basic components of networks, including end devices, intermediary devices, network media, and topologies. Additionally, it differentiates between local area networks (LANs), which span a small geographic area, and wide area networks (WANs), which interconnect LANs over a wider geographical area.
The document provides an overview of chapter 4 in the CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 instructor materials. The chapter covers network access, including physical layer protocols, network media, data link layer protocols, and media access control. It describes the purpose and functions of the physical layer, different types of physical connections and network interface cards. It also discusses the characteristics of common network media like copper cabling, including unshielded twisted-pair, shielded twisted-pair and coaxial cable. Standards for copper cabling categories are also summarized.
The document discusses planning and designing a small network, including:
- Identifying common devices used such as routers, switches, wireless access points, and IP phones.
- Design considerations for a small network like IP addressing, redundancy, traffic prioritization.
- Common network applications and protocols used, including VoIP, DHCP, DNS.
- Ensuring the network can support real-time applications like voice and video.
- Planning for future growth of the network through documentation, traffic analysis, and protocol analysis.
The document provides instructions for configuring initial settings on a Cisco network device using Cisco IOS software, including configuring hostnames, limiting access to device configurations through passwords, and saving the running configuration. It describes assigning a unique hostname, securing privileged EXEC mode with the enable secret password, securing the console and virtual terminal lines with passwords and login, and using the service password-encryption command to encrypt passwords.
The document discusses the transport layer in computer networks. It describes how transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP support end-to-end communication by establishing connections between applications, segmenting data, and ensuring reliable or unreliable delivery. TCP provides reliable, in-order transmission using sequence numbers, acknowledgments and retransmissions if needed. UDP is connectionless and unreliable but has less overhead than TCP. The document compares TCP and UDP, and explains how applications use each protocol depending on their reliability needs.
A
PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
The document discusses the application layer of the OSI model and common application layer protocols. It covers how protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, FTP operate to provide services to end users. DNS and DHCP are also examined, with DNS translating names to IP addresses and DHCP automating IP address assignment. The application, presentation and session layers are described as working together to support applications and exchange data between hosts.
This document provides an overview of chapter 5 topics in the CCNA Routing and Switching curriculum, including Ethernet protocols, LAN switches, and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). Section 5.1 explains Ethernet encapsulation and frame formats. Section 5.2 describes how switches build MAC address tables to forward frames and the different forwarding methods switches can use. Section 5.3 explains how ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses to allow communication on a network.
The document provides an overview of the CCNA 7.0 curriculum from Cisco. Some key points:
- CCNA 7.0 has been enhanced with a modular course design to improve learning effectiveness and skills progression.
- The curriculum is delivered over three courses (Introduction to Networks, Switching/Routing Essentials, and Enterprise Networking) to provide hands-on experience and career skills for associate-level networking roles.
- CCNA 7.0 helps prepare students for the new consolidated CCNA certification exam by building skills in networking, security, automation, and other foundational areas.
The document provides an overview of chapter 4 in the CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 instructor materials. The chapter covers network access, including physical layer protocols, network media, data link layer protocols, and media access control. It describes the purpose and functions of the physical layer, different types of physical connections and network interface cards. It also discusses the characteristics of common network media like copper cabling, including unshielded twisted-pair, shielded twisted-pair and coaxial cable. Standards for copper cabling categories are also summarized.
The document discusses planning and designing a small network, including:
- Identifying common devices used such as routers, switches, wireless access points, and IP phones.
- Design considerations for a small network like IP addressing, redundancy, traffic prioritization.
- Common network applications and protocols used, including VoIP, DHCP, DNS.
- Ensuring the network can support real-time applications like voice and video.
- Planning for future growth of the network through documentation, traffic analysis, and protocol analysis.
The document provides instructions for configuring initial settings on a Cisco network device using Cisco IOS software, including configuring hostnames, limiting access to device configurations through passwords, and saving the running configuration. It describes assigning a unique hostname, securing privileged EXEC mode with the enable secret password, securing the console and virtual terminal lines with passwords and login, and using the service password-encryption command to encrypt passwords.
The document discusses the transport layer in computer networks. It describes how transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP support end-to-end communication by establishing connections between applications, segmenting data, and ensuring reliable or unreliable delivery. TCP provides reliable, in-order transmission using sequence numbers, acknowledgments and retransmissions if needed. UDP is connectionless and unreliable but has less overhead than TCP. The document compares TCP and UDP, and explains how applications use each protocol depending on their reliability needs.
A
PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
The document discusses the application layer of the OSI model and common application layer protocols. It covers how protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, FTP operate to provide services to end users. DNS and DHCP are also examined, with DNS translating names to IP addresses and DHCP automating IP address assignment. The application, presentation and session layers are described as working together to support applications and exchange data between hosts.
This document provides an overview of chapter 5 topics in the CCNA Routing and Switching curriculum, including Ethernet protocols, LAN switches, and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). Section 5.1 explains Ethernet encapsulation and frame formats. Section 5.2 describes how switches build MAC address tables to forward frames and the different forwarding methods switches can use. Section 5.3 explains how ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses to allow communication on a network.
The document provides an overview of the CCNA 7.0 curriculum from Cisco. Some key points:
- CCNA 7.0 has been enhanced with a modular course design to improve learning effectiveness and skills progression.
- The curriculum is delivered over three courses (Introduction to Networks, Switching/Routing Essentials, and Enterprise Networking) to provide hands-on experience and career skills for associate-level networking roles.
- CCNA 7.0 helps prepare students for the new consolidated CCNA certification exam by building skills in networking, security, automation, and other foundational areas.
The document provides instructional materials for a chapter on the network layer. It covers topics like network layer protocols including IPv4 and IPv6, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. Sections explain how network layer protocols support communication across networks and the purpose of fields in IPv4 and IPv6 packets. It also details how hosts, routers, and their routing tables determine the path for packets to travel to reach their destination on either the local network or remote networks.
The document provides an overview of computer networking fundamentals including:
- The seven layers of the OSI reference model and their functions from physical transmission to application interfaces.
- Reasons for using a layered networking model including modularity, interoperability, and error checking.
- Key networking concepts such as MAC addresses, connection-oriented vs. connectionless transmission, and data encapsulation.
This document provides an overview of subnetting IP networks and addressing schemes. It covers subnetting IPv4 networks, including calculating subnets and hosts for various prefix lengths. It also discusses variable length subnet masking to better utilize address space. Finally, it touches on considerations for structured network design and address planning.
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
This document discusses Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification and networking concepts. It includes:
- An overview of the CCNA certification and what skills it demonstrates in networking areas like LANs, WANs, routing protocols, and network access.
- Explanations of common networking devices, topologies, protocols like IP addressing and routing, and models like the OSI model.
- Descriptions of static and dynamic routing, protocols like RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and commands used to configure routers.
This document provides an overview of network protocols and communication. It discusses how rules and protocols govern communication and facilitate the exchange of information across networks. Standards organizations help establish common protocols to ensure interoperability. The document also examines how data is encapsulated and transferred across network layers using protocols like TCP/IP. Local devices access resources by using network and data link layer addresses.
The document provides information about CCNA training and certification. It discusses the topics covered in the CCNA exam, recommended training courses, study materials, exam format and structure. The CCNA certification tests knowledge of network fundamentals, switching, routing, WAN technologies, security and management. Exams last 90 minutes and contain around 50-60 multiple choice and simulation questions. Common jobs requiring the CCNA include network administrator, database administrator and help desk technician.
The document discusses networking trends such as BYOD, online collaboration, video communications, and cloud computing. BYOD allows users to access work information from personal devices like smartphones and tablets. Online collaboration tools like Cisco WebEx enable teams to work jointly on projects remotely. Video conferencing through Cisco TelePresence makes face-to-face communication possible regardless of location. Cloud computing stores data and applications on remote servers accessed online, benefiting organizations without their own data centers.
ccna summer training ppt ( Cisco certified network analysis) ppt. by Traun k...Tarun Khaneja
This document provides a summary of a presentation on CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate). It was trained by Ravinder Kumar from Gurukul Technical Institute and submitted by Tarun Khaneja with roll number 2110045 and contact number 09034406598. The presentation introduces CCNA and discusses networking types and applications. It also covers networking devices, subnetting, routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, ACLs, VLANs, and inter-VLAN routing. Configuration examples are provided for EIGRP and RIP routing on the same network.
This document provides information about Cisco and the CCNA certification. It discusses Cisco as a company and their networking products. The CCNA certification focuses on routing, switching, security, service provider, and voice communication skills. The CCNA exam contains questions in drag and drop and simulation formats. The document also summarizes different types of computer networks, common networking devices, cable types, topologies and more.
CCNA is associate level career certification. It is an International certification course. Which is helpful to improve your career path in networking field. It gives lot of opportunity for Engineers and lots of opportunity having lots of job.
But now in these days,
This International course is offered by SMS Institute of Technology, Lucknow
So ,
There is no need to go anywhere for the training on CCNA Course Certification during summer Training.
I want to give this information because lots of people think about this course. But they have no any other way like - going to the training institute that offers CCNA Training But they give the certification on Own training Institute That is invalid Because CCNA is a International course Certification and these certificate are come on the email Id.
But Now this course Certification offers by SMS Institute of Technology But the certificate are valid through out the world.
Learn more at blog : --
https://solutionbyexpert.blogspot.com/2020/08/become-expert-secret-of-success-ii.html
#coding
#coding development skill program
#java
The document provides instructor materials for a chapter on IP addressing in CCNA Routing and Switching. It covers IPv4 and IPv6 network addresses, including binary and decimal conversion, address structures, types of IPv4 addresses such as unicast, broadcast and multicast, and public vs private IP addresses. It also describes how to verify network connectivity using ICMP ping and traceroute utilities.
A PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
thourighly explained working and types of network switches a very good ready to present presentation aesthetically pleasing as well best for university or college use click like if u lyk it thanks
The document discusses Cisco routers and routing concepts. It provides details about Cisco router components, configuration, interfaces, routing protocols like RIP and IGRP, and autonomous systems. Cisco routers range from small access layer routers like the 700 series to large core routers like the 12000 series. Configuration is done through the console port initially and involves tasks like setting the hostname, passwords, interfaces and routing.
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch ConfigurationDsunte Wilson
This document provides an overview of basic switching concepts and Cisco switch configuration. It explains Ethernet and how switches work to segment networks and reduce collisions. Switches operate at the data link layer and learn MAC addresses to forward frames efficiently. The document discusses switch configuration using commands like hostname, interface, duplex, and port security. It compares switching methods like store-and-forward and cut-through forwarding. The summary reiterates how switches divide collision domains to improve performance over shared-medium Ethernet.
This module covers basic switch and end device configuration including setting passwords, IP addressing, and default gateways. Topics include accessing Cisco IOS devices through the command line interface, navigating between different IOS modes, understanding the IOS command structure including help features, configuring basic device settings, saving configurations, assigning IP addresses and ports, and verifying connectivity. Hands-on labs and packet tracer activities are included to reinforce these concepts.
The document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks 6.0 instructor materials. It covers four main sections: 1) globally connected networks and how they impact daily life, 2) LANs, WANs, and the Internet including different network components and topologies, 3) the network as a platform including converged networks and the four requirements for a reliable network, and 4) trends changing the network environment such as BYOD and cloud computing. Each section includes objectives and content to introduce foundational networking concepts.
CCNA 1
Communication is almost as important to us as our reliance on air, water, food, and shelter. In today’s world, through the use of networks, we are connected like never before.
Every computer on a network is called a host or end device.
Servers are computers that provide information to end devices:
email servers
web servers
file server
Clients are computers that send requests to the servers to retrieve information:
the web page from a web server
email from an email server.
An end device is where a message originates from or where it is received. Data originates with an end device, flows through the network, and arrives at an end device.
An intermediary device interconnects end devices. Examples include switches, wireless access points, routers, and firewalls.
Management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of an intermediary device, including:
Regenerate and retransmit data signals.
Maintain information about what pathways exist in the network.
Notify other devices of errors and communication failures.
The document provides instructional materials for a chapter on the network layer. It covers topics like network layer protocols including IPv4 and IPv6, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. Sections explain how network layer protocols support communication across networks and the purpose of fields in IPv4 and IPv6 packets. It also details how hosts, routers, and their routing tables determine the path for packets to travel to reach their destination on either the local network or remote networks.
The document provides an overview of computer networking fundamentals including:
- The seven layers of the OSI reference model and their functions from physical transmission to application interfaces.
- Reasons for using a layered networking model including modularity, interoperability, and error checking.
- Key networking concepts such as MAC addresses, connection-oriented vs. connectionless transmission, and data encapsulation.
This document provides an overview of subnetting IP networks and addressing schemes. It covers subnetting IPv4 networks, including calculating subnets and hosts for various prefix lengths. It also discusses variable length subnet masking to better utilize address space. Finally, it touches on considerations for structured network design and address planning.
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
This document discusses Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification and networking concepts. It includes:
- An overview of the CCNA certification and what skills it demonstrates in networking areas like LANs, WANs, routing protocols, and network access.
- Explanations of common networking devices, topologies, protocols like IP addressing and routing, and models like the OSI model.
- Descriptions of static and dynamic routing, protocols like RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and commands used to configure routers.
This document provides an overview of network protocols and communication. It discusses how rules and protocols govern communication and facilitate the exchange of information across networks. Standards organizations help establish common protocols to ensure interoperability. The document also examines how data is encapsulated and transferred across network layers using protocols like TCP/IP. Local devices access resources by using network and data link layer addresses.
The document provides information about CCNA training and certification. It discusses the topics covered in the CCNA exam, recommended training courses, study materials, exam format and structure. The CCNA certification tests knowledge of network fundamentals, switching, routing, WAN technologies, security and management. Exams last 90 minutes and contain around 50-60 multiple choice and simulation questions. Common jobs requiring the CCNA include network administrator, database administrator and help desk technician.
The document discusses networking trends such as BYOD, online collaboration, video communications, and cloud computing. BYOD allows users to access work information from personal devices like smartphones and tablets. Online collaboration tools like Cisco WebEx enable teams to work jointly on projects remotely. Video conferencing through Cisco TelePresence makes face-to-face communication possible regardless of location. Cloud computing stores data and applications on remote servers accessed online, benefiting organizations without their own data centers.
ccna summer training ppt ( Cisco certified network analysis) ppt. by Traun k...Tarun Khaneja
This document provides a summary of a presentation on CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate). It was trained by Ravinder Kumar from Gurukul Technical Institute and submitted by Tarun Khaneja with roll number 2110045 and contact number 09034406598. The presentation introduces CCNA and discusses networking types and applications. It also covers networking devices, subnetting, routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, ACLs, VLANs, and inter-VLAN routing. Configuration examples are provided for EIGRP and RIP routing on the same network.
This document provides information about Cisco and the CCNA certification. It discusses Cisco as a company and their networking products. The CCNA certification focuses on routing, switching, security, service provider, and voice communication skills. The CCNA exam contains questions in drag and drop and simulation formats. The document also summarizes different types of computer networks, common networking devices, cable types, topologies and more.
CCNA is associate level career certification. It is an International certification course. Which is helpful to improve your career path in networking field. It gives lot of opportunity for Engineers and lots of opportunity having lots of job.
But now in these days,
This International course is offered by SMS Institute of Technology, Lucknow
So ,
There is no need to go anywhere for the training on CCNA Course Certification during summer Training.
I want to give this information because lots of people think about this course. But they have no any other way like - going to the training institute that offers CCNA Training But they give the certification on Own training Institute That is invalid Because CCNA is a International course Certification and these certificate are come on the email Id.
But Now this course Certification offers by SMS Institute of Technology But the certificate are valid through out the world.
Learn more at blog : --
https://solutionbyexpert.blogspot.com/2020/08/become-expert-secret-of-success-ii.html
#coding
#coding development skill program
#java
The document provides instructor materials for a chapter on IP addressing in CCNA Routing and Switching. It covers IPv4 and IPv6 network addresses, including binary and decimal conversion, address structures, types of IPv4 addresses such as unicast, broadcast and multicast, and public vs private IP addresses. It also describes how to verify network connectivity using ICMP ping and traceroute utilities.
A PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
thourighly explained working and types of network switches a very good ready to present presentation aesthetically pleasing as well best for university or college use click like if u lyk it thanks
The document discusses Cisco routers and routing concepts. It provides details about Cisco router components, configuration, interfaces, routing protocols like RIP and IGRP, and autonomous systems. Cisco routers range from small access layer routers like the 700 series to large core routers like the 12000 series. Configuration is done through the console port initially and involves tasks like setting the hostname, passwords, interfaces and routing.
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch ConfigurationDsunte Wilson
This document provides an overview of basic switching concepts and Cisco switch configuration. It explains Ethernet and how switches work to segment networks and reduce collisions. Switches operate at the data link layer and learn MAC addresses to forward frames efficiently. The document discusses switch configuration using commands like hostname, interface, duplex, and port security. It compares switching methods like store-and-forward and cut-through forwarding. The summary reiterates how switches divide collision domains to improve performance over shared-medium Ethernet.
This module covers basic switch and end device configuration including setting passwords, IP addressing, and default gateways. Topics include accessing Cisco IOS devices through the command line interface, navigating between different IOS modes, understanding the IOS command structure including help features, configuring basic device settings, saving configurations, assigning IP addresses and ports, and verifying connectivity. Hands-on labs and packet tracer activities are included to reinforce these concepts.
The document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks 6.0 instructor materials. It covers four main sections: 1) globally connected networks and how they impact daily life, 2) LANs, WANs, and the Internet including different network components and topologies, 3) the network as a platform including converged networks and the four requirements for a reliable network, and 4) trends changing the network environment such as BYOD and cloud computing. Each section includes objectives and content to introduce foundational networking concepts.
CCNA 1
Communication is almost as important to us as our reliance on air, water, food, and shelter. In today’s world, through the use of networks, we are connected like never before.
Every computer on a network is called a host or end device.
Servers are computers that provide information to end devices:
email servers
web servers
file server
Clients are computers that send requests to the servers to retrieve information:
the web page from a web server
email from an email server.
An end device is where a message originates from or where it is received. Data originates with an end device, flows through the network, and arrives at an end device.
An intermediary device interconnects end devices. Examples include switches, wireless access points, routers, and firewalls.
Management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of an intermediary device, including:
Regenerate and retransmit data signals.
Maintain information about what pathways exist in the network.
Notify other devices of errors and communication failures.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts covered in Module 1. It discusses how networks affect daily lives and the components that make up networks, including hosts, servers, clients, switches, routers and more. It also covers common network types like LANs and WANs, how networks are represented, internet connection technologies for homes/small offices and businesses, and the objectives of Module 1.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts covered in Module 1. It discusses how networks affect daily lives and the components that make up networks, including hosts, servers, clients, intermediary devices, and network media. It also covers common network types like LANs and WANs, how networks connect to the internet using technologies like broadband and leased lines, and network representations and topologies. The objectives are to explain advances in networking technologies and how networks connect people globally.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts covered in Module 1. It discusses how networks affect daily lives and the components that make up networks, including hosts, servers, clients, switches, routers and more. It also covers common network types like LANs and WANs, how networks are represented, internet connection technologies for homes/small offices and businesses, and the objectives of Module 1.
The document discusses networking concepts including how networks connect people globally, network components like servers, clients, and intermediary devices, common network types, internet connections for homes/businesses, ensuring network reliability through fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service and security. It also covers recent trends like bring your own device, online collaboration, video communication, cloud computing, and network security threats.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including how networks affect daily lives, common network components, different types of networks, internet connections, ensuring network reliability, and current networking trends. Specifically, it explains how networks connect people globally, identifies common devices like servers and clients, describes local and wide area networks, discusses various internet access options for homes and businesses, outlines factors like fault tolerance and security for reliable networks, and explores modern trends such as BYOD, online collaboration, video communication, and cloud computing.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including:
- How networks connect people and affect daily lives
- The components that make up networks including hosts, servers, clients, switches, routers and different types of network media
- Common network topologies and representations used to diagram networks
- Different types of networks at various scales from small home networks to large global networks like the Internet
- Various technologies used to connect networks and end users to the Internet such as DSL, cable, wireless, satellite, and dedicated business connections
The document discusses networking trends such as bring your own device (BYOD), online collaboration using tools like Cisco WebEx, increased use of video communications, and growth of cloud computing. Networks must adapt to these trends by supporting user-owned devices on corporate networks, providing ways for remote users to jointly work on projects, enabling video calls, and offering data storage and applications via the cloud.
This document provides an introduction to networks and networking concepts. It discusses what a network is, how networks have evolved over time to support new ways of communicating, working and learning. Specific networking topics covered include the internet, intranets and extranets, different types of network connections for homes and businesses, the basic components that make up networks including end devices, servers, clients and intermediary devices. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate networking concepts and how information flows through networks.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including:
- Networks allow for a world without boundaries by enabling global communities and human networks.
- Network components include end devices where data originates/is received, and intermediary devices like switches and routers that interconnect devices and manage data flow.
- Data is transmitted through various network media like wires, fiber optic cables, and wireless transmission using electromagnetic waves.
The document discusses networking topics including how networks affect daily lives, common network components, different network representations and topologies, types of networks, and how networks connect to the Internet. It provides details on topics like the roles of servers and clients, examples of network devices, diagrams used to represent networks, characteristics of local and wide area networks, and technologies used for home, small office, and business Internet connections.
This document provides information about a computer networks course including details about the lecturer, course content, objectives, and prerequisites. The course covers 12 weeks of material on topics ranging from the history of computer networks and the TCP/IP protocol stack to IP routing, data link layer services, and wireless networking principles. Assessment includes two term exams, a final exam, and a lab component. The goal is for students to gain an understanding of major computer network components, how the Internet works, and networking protocols at each layer of the TCP/IP model.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts. It begins with an introduction explaining how networks connect people globally and describes typical network components like servers, clients, and intermediary devices. Several types of common networks are also compared such as home, SOHO, large enterprise, and worldwide networks. Network diagrams and topologies are explained along with internet access technologies for homes, small offices, and businesses. Requirements for reliable networks such as fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service, and security are outlined. The document provides a high-level tour of fundamental networking topics.
The document discusses wide area network (WAN) concepts and selecting WAN technologies. It begins by explaining the purpose of WANs in connecting geographically separated local area networks. It then discusses various WAN technologies including private WAN options like leased lines, dial-up, and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) as well as public internet-based options. The document provides examples of how a company's network requirements can evolve as the business grows from a small local firm to an international enterprise. It aims to help readers understand WAN concepts and select the appropriate WAN protocols and services to satisfy specific network needs.
CCNA_RSE_Chp4 and their working principles.pptxParthaDas754073
This document provides an overview of switched networks and frame forwarding in switches. It discusses how switches build MAC address tables to forward frames based on destination MAC addresses. Switches dynamically learn source MAC addresses and associated ports from incoming frames and populate their tables. The document also covers converged networks that integrate voice, video, and data on a single network, as well as hierarchical network designs with access, distribution and core layers.
This document provides an overview of chapter 3 from the CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 instructor materials. It covers the key topics of network protocols and communication, including the rules of communication, network protocols and standards, and data transfer in networks. Specific sections outline how protocols facilitate standardized communication, the roles of TCP/IP and OSI models, and how data is encapsulated and transferred across a network using the TCP/IP protocol suite.
The document provides information about building a small network including devices, applications, protocols, and connectivity verification. It discusses selecting devices for a small network based on factors like cost and speed. Common network applications and protocols used in small networks are also identified, including protocols for real-time voice and video. The document explains how a small network design can scale to support larger networks as business needs grow. Methods for verifying connectivity between devices using commands like ping and traceroute are presented. Finally, commands for viewing host IP configurations on Windows and Linux systems are covered.
The document provides information about building a small network including devices, applications, protocols, and connectivity verification. It discusses [1] selecting common devices for a small network like routers, switches, and end devices, [2] applications and protocols used in small networks such as HTTP, SMTP, and DHCP, and [3] using the ping and traceroute commands to verify connectivity between devices and troubleshoot connectivity issues.
This document discusses VMware's vShield product line for securing virtualized environments. It begins with an overview of security challenges in virtualization and cloud computing. It then introduces the vShield Edge, App, and Endpoint products which provide cost-effective, simple and adaptive security. vShield Edge secures the network edge with firewall, VPN and load balancing capabilities. vShield App provides application-level protection and elastic security groups. vShield Endpoint offloads anti-virus scanning. Use cases demonstrate how vShield addresses security and compliance needs for service providers, enterprises and View deployments.
This chapter discusses network fundamentals, including setting up a small network with devices, protocols, and security measures. It covers topics such as creating device topologies, selecting devices, addressing schemes, and adding redundancy. The chapter also discusses common network protocols, scaling the network, threats to security, mitigating attacks, using ping and traceroute to test connectivity, show commands to view device information, backing up configuration files using TFTP or USB, and managing router and switch file systems.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet networking concepts including:
- The Ethernet protocol operates at the data link and physical layers and defines the LLC and MAC sublayers for encapsulating data.
- ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses and maintains address mappings in ARP tables to allow communication on Ethernet networks.
- LAN switches perform layer 2 switching using MAC address tables to filter and forward frames to appropriate ports, improving network performance over hubs.
This chapter discusses network access and the data link layer. It covers topics like media access control techniques, common network topologies, frame structure, and physical layer standards and media. The objectives are for students to understand how the data link layer supports communication across networks and the role of the physical layer in this process. Key concepts covered include Ethernet, wireless networks, fiber optic and copper cabling, and an overview of data link layer frame structure.
This document discusses subnetting and IP networking. It covers subnetting IPv4 and IPv6 networks, including calculating subnets and hosts, determining subnet masks, and the benefits of variable length subnet masking (VLSM). The objectives are explained such as why routing is needed, IP addressing, and IPv6 address assignments. Key concepts covered include network segmentation, addressing schemes, design considerations and a chapter summary.
This document provides an overview of IP addressing concepts. It begins with an introduction to binary and hexadecimal numbering systems used in IP addressing. The document then covers the basics of IPv4 addressing, including address structure, subnet masks, network vs host portions of addresses, and address types. It also discusses IPv6 addressing and the need to transition to IPv6 to address limitations in IPv4. Key topics include IPv6 address formats and types of IPv6 unicast addresses.
This document provides an overview of network layer concepts including network layer protocols, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. It describes key network layer protocols like IPv4 and IPv6 and how routers use routing tables to forward packets across networks. The document also examines the components of routers and how they boot up and run the Cisco IOS operating system.
This document summarizes the transport layer and the key protocols TCP and UDP. It explains that the transport layer establishes communication sessions between applications, segments data for transmission, and ensures proper delivery. TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery using acknowledgements, while UDP is simpler but unreliable. Popular applications of each are discussed, showing how TCP and UDP address different network requirements.
The document discusses the application layer of the OSI model. It describes how application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and FTP allow end-user applications to access network services and interact with other applications. It also covers protocols that provide IP addressing services, such as DNS for translating names to addresses and DHCP for dynamically assigning IP addresses. The document provides examples of common application layer protocols and how they facilitate file transfers, email, and web browsing. It concludes with a high-level summary of the key roles of the application layer.
This document summarizes a chapter about network protocols and communications. It discusses how protocols establish communication rules and standards organizations develop protocols through processes like RFCs. It also describes how data is encapsulated when moving through networks and OSI and TCP/IP models for conceptualizing network layers. Specific topics covered include protocol suites, addressing, data encapsulation, accessing local and remote network resources, and standards bodies.
This chapter discusses the Cisco IOS operating system and how to perform basic configurations on Cisco networking devices. It covers accessing and navigating the Cisco IOS command-line interface, setting hostnames, securing device access with passwords, saving configurations, and configuring IP addresses and testing connectivity. The key topics are accessing the Cisco IOS through its command-line interface, learning IOS navigation modes, and making initial device configurations including hostnames, passwords, and IP addresses.
The document is a chapter from a Cisco networking textbook. It introduces networking concepts for small to medium businesses. It covers how networks affect communication and collaboration, basic network components, common network types like LANs and WANs, internet technologies, current networking trends, and network security challenges. The chapter aims to explain core networking concepts and how networks support organizations.
This document discusses networking concepts for small office networks, including devices, protocols, security measures, and expanding the network. Specifically, it covers selecting devices for a small network, common protocols and applications used, basic security threats and mitigation techniques, and considerations for scaling the network.
The document discusses application layer protocols and services. It describes how the application, session, and presentation layers work together to provide network services to end user applications. It provides examples of common application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP, and IMAP and how they enable services like web browsing and email. It also discusses protocols that provide IP addressing services like DNS and DHCP. The document outlines objectives for explaining application layer protocols, how they interact with applications, well-known examples, and how data moves across the network.
This document discusses subnetting and IP networking. It covers subnetting IPv4 networks to create smaller subnetworks, using variable length subnet masking to efficiently allocate addresses, and subnetting IPv6 networks to support hierarchical network design. The objectives are to explain subnetting, routing, network segmentation, and calculating subnet masks and addresses.
This document provides an overview of IP addressing and covers IPv4 and IPv6 network addresses. It describes the structure of IPv4 addresses, including the use of subnet masks to define the network and host portions. It also covers the different types of IPv4 addresses such as unicast, broadcast, multicast, public vs private addresses. The document then discusses the need for IPv6 due to the depletion of IPv4 address space and larger 128-bit addressing in IPv6. It concludes by describing some methods for IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence such as dual-stack, tunneling, and translation techniques.
This document summarizes the transport layer and its key protocols TCP and UDP. It describes the transport layer's role in establishing communication sessions and delivering data between applications. TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery using acknowledgments, while UDP is unreliable but lower overhead. The document explains how ports distinguish communications and lists applications commonly using each protocol.
The document is a chapter from a Cisco networking textbook that discusses network layer concepts including network layer protocols, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. It provides an introduction to topics like IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and packet structures, routing tables, and how routers use routing tables to forward traffic across networks. Examples of IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers, host and router routing tables, and directly/remotely connected routing table entries are shown.
The document discusses Ethernet and its operation. It describes how Ethernet operates at the data link layer using two sublayers: the logical link control (LLC) sublayer and the media access control (MAC) sublayer. The MAC sublayer is responsible for framing data and media access control using carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to prevent collisions on shared media. The MAC sublayer adds the source and destination MAC addresses to frames to allow for delivery to specific devices.
The document is a chapter from a Cisco networking textbook that covers network access and the physical and data link layers. It includes sections on physical layer protocols and network media like copper, fiber optic and wireless; data link layer protocols; and media access control techniques. The chapter aims to explain how these protocols and services support communication across networks and compares different media access control and logical topologies.
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
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