The document discusses the basics of computers and information technology. It defines a computer as a machine that receives input, processes it according to instructions, and produces output. The document outlines the basic components of a computer system including hardware, software, and how they work together. It describes the main hardware components including input and output devices, the central processing unit (CPU), and parts of the system unit. The document provides an overview of the key concepts to introduce information technology fundamentals.
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Basic Concepts of Computers & IT
Computer are information processing
machine used in different departments and
organizations.
They can be connected all over the world.
Therefore, more productivity and good
quality with less cost.
Computer :
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Basic Concepts of Computers & IT (Cont.)
Receive Input (Data raw facts)
Process it according to
predefined instructions.
Produce Output (Information which
is meaningful data).
Input
Data
Proces
s
Output
Computers perform three main operations:
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The computer system is a base which is
built in it of the Information Technology
concepts. So, what is IT?
Information Technology (IT): A set of tools
that are used to:
Receive, Process, Store retrieve, Print
and Transmit information in an
electronic form through computers.
These forms can be: Text, Sound,
Picture or Video.
Information Technology (IT):
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The components of a
Computer System are:
Hardware: Physical components
like Screen, Cables, Keyboard,
System Box and Printer.
Software: A set of instructions
that tells the computer what to do
and how to do it. Such as:
Word Processing
Graphics Programs and
Games.
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Hardware components of computers
are classified into four units, are:
1. Input Devices:
This group consists of devices that allow
people to put data into the computer in a form that the
computer can use. Such as: Keyboard and Mouse.
Hardware Components of Computers
2. Output Devices:
This group consists of devices that translate the
information processed by the computer into a form
that can understand. Such as: Monitor, Printer and
Speaker.
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3. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
The CPU is the central electronic
chip that determines the processing power
of the computer. It the brain of computer.
Hardware Components (Cont.)
CPUs have three basic parts:
- Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
- Control Unit
- Cash Memory
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Hardware cannot work without Programs.
A program is a set of sequence instructions
that tell the computer what to do.
Software Components:
Software is a collection of programs, data
and information.
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There are three kinds of software:
Computer Software
System Software:
It is the software which used by the
computer or operates a computer system
such as operating systems:
Windows , Linux , …
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Programming Languages:
A set of words, rules, syntax and
semantic used by a programmer to do a
special task.
There are many programming languages
such as:
C, C++, Java, Visual Basic, Visual C#, …
Computer Software (Cont.)