myxovirus and rubella are very important topics for pg entrance.....everything important about it with images have been discussed....do make use of it.......

1. -DR.AKIF A.B

2. -Segmented RNA virus
- Helical symmetry
-Types :
1) Influenza A : MC cause of epidemics
- only cause of Pandemic
2) Influenza B
3) Influenza C : Not circulating currently

3. 1) Haemagglutinin : Causes haemagglutination
2) Neuraminidase : Causes reversal of haemagglutination k/a Elution

5. 1) H1N1 = Swine Flu
2) H2N2
3) H3N2 =Seasonal flu
4) H5N1 = Bird Flu
5) H7N9
6) H5N6
7) TYPE - B
TYPE A

6. ANTIGENIC SHIFT ANTIGENIC DRIFT
Due to genetic Reassortment Due to point mutation
Occur in Type A Type A as well as in Type B
Pandemic and epidemics sporadic cases
Sudden onset Gradual onset

7. -Caused by H5N1 (MC Type)
H7N7 (Netherlands)
H9N2 (Hong Kong)
H7N9
-Bird Flu
-DOC : Oseltamavir 75mg bd for 5 days (C.I in Infants)

9. -Incubation Period = 18-72hrs
-MC Presentation : Flu like symptoms
-MC complication : Bacterial Pneumonia (S.aureus> Pneumococci)
-Reye Syndrome : Common with Type B Influenza following Aspirin intake.

11. -Most sensitive test = ELISA
-Most specific test = Neutralisation Test

12. -Killed Vaccine
: 2doses, I.M route, 70-90% efficacy, last for 6-12months
-Life nasal Spray vaccine(Trivalent vaccine)
1) Influenza A (H1N1)
2) Influenza A (H3N2)
3) Influenza B
Influenza vaccine can lead to Guillian Barre Syndrome

13. -Originated by genetic reassortment of four strains : 1 human
2 swine
1 avian
-Uncomplicated case presents with flu like symptoms (URTI)
-Complicated cases presents with pneumonia, dehydration, CNS involvement
and multi-organ failure

15. Risk factors for severe Disease
1) Infants and children <2yrs
2) Persons aged >65yrs
3) Pregnant females
4) COPD
5) Immunosuppressive diseases
6) Chronic cardiac disease

16. 1) RT-PCR : Most sensitive
2) Samples : Nasopharyngeal or throat swabs
-Patient to be isolated for 7days.

17. 1) Oseltamavir 75mg bd for 5 days
2) Zanamavir 2 inhalations bd for 5 days
Prophylaxis : Oseltamavir 75mg once a day, duration depends on clinical settings.

19. - DR.AKIF A.B

20. -MC agent of Croup ( Acute Laryngo-Tracheo bronchitis)
-MC complication : Otitis media

22. THUMB SIGN

23. Steeple sign

24. -MC cause of Parotid Gland enlargement in children
-MC manifestation = Bilateral parotiris > Epididymo orchitis
-MC complication : Aseptic meningitis
-MC Complication in adolescent : Orchitis, Oopheritis
-Atypical Mumps : Patient directly presents with Aseptic Meningitis
and parotitis is absent
-Once infected gets life long immunity
-Period of communicability : 4-5 days before to 7days after onset of
symptoms.
- Vaccine : Live vaccine, Jeryll Lynn Strain

25. -Caused by Togavirus
-Also known as German Measles
-Incubation period = 14days
-Vaccine = RA 27/3 strain , Live vaccine, Subcutaneous
-Rubella vaccine is C.I in Pregnancy and if female is vaccinated she should be advised
to prevent pregnancy for next 3 months
-Priority for vaccination:
1) 15-49 yrs reproductive age females
2) 1-14yrs children

26. Infection in 1st trimester
Heart Disease (MC: PDA )
+
Eye defect
(MC: Salt and Pepper Retinopathy>Cataract)
+
Sensorineural deafness (MC)
- Blue berry muffin lesions
Infection in early part of 2nd trimester :
Only deafness
Infection after 16th week :
No abnormalities.

28. BLUE BERRY MUFFIN LESIONS
Rubella
Toxoplasmosis
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex
Coxsackie virus
Parvovirus
Epstein Barr virus
Syphilis

29. Salt and Pepper Retinopathy
-Seen in
1) Syphilis
2) Rubella
3) NARP Syndrome

30. -Rubeola
-Incubation period : 10-14 days
-No carriers
-Secondary attack rates : 80%
-MC complication : Otitis Media
-Koplik spots are present opposite 2nd upper molar
-Rarest but severe complication : Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
-Cytopathic effect : Multinucleated Giant cells( Warthin Finkeldey cells)
Containing both intra cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies.
Fever
+
3 C’s
C- Coryza
C- Cough
C- Conjunctivitis

32. Warthin Finkeldey cells

33. Incubation period (10days)
Fever(10days)
Koplik’s spots(12th day)
Rash( 14th day )

36. -Edmonston Zagreb strain
-Lyophilised form
-Reconstituted with distilled water
-Live vaccine, Sub cutaneous
-Given at 9months since that time maternal antibodies disappears by that time.
-Side effects : Toxic shock syndrome
-Measles immunoglobulin or vaccine can be given after exposure within 72days
but should not be given together.

37. 1) Catch up : one time effort to vaccinate all children from 9months-10years
2) Keep up
3) Follow up : done every 2-yrs following catch up campaigns to vaccinate
children of age >9months who were born after catch-up campaign

38. -MC cause of LRTI in Infants causing Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia and tracheobronchitis.
-Diagnosis :
HeLa and Hep-2 are most sensitive cell lines used
- Treatment : Ribavirin

39. Very Varicella Rash appears 1 day
after fever
Sick Scarlet fever 2days
Patients Pox (smallpox0 3 days
Must Measles 4days
Take Typhus 5days
No no No
Double Diphtheria 7days
Treatment Typhoid 7days
Patient is infective from 24hrs prior to onset of fever.