The genus Shigella exclusively infects human intestine.
Shigella dysenteriae is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in humans.
It is a diarrheal illness which is characterized by frequent passage of blood stained mucopurulent stools.
The four important species of the genus Shigella are:
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Shigella boydii.
Microbiology of E coli giving basic of Escherichia coli, its morphology, cultural and biochemical characteristics, Antigenic character, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control
Cryptococcosis also called as Torulosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It leads to compications such as fatal meningoencephalitis. It is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The PPT discuss on the morphology of the fungus, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
The PPT is mainly all about Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Agents causing the disease Tuberculosis, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. It was made for both BSc and MSc students.
The genus Shigella exclusively infects human intestine.
Shigella dysenteriae is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in humans.
It is a diarrheal illness which is characterized by frequent passage of blood stained mucopurulent stools.
The four important species of the genus Shigella are:
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Shigella boydii.
Microbiology of E coli giving basic of Escherichia coli, its morphology, cultural and biochemical characteristics, Antigenic character, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control
Cryptococcosis also called as Torulosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It leads to compications such as fatal meningoencephalitis. It is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The PPT discuss on the morphology of the fungus, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
The PPT is mainly all about Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Agents causing the disease Tuberculosis, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. It was made for both BSc and MSc students.
Una revisión sobre Neisseria Meningitidis
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13. Etiology according to Patient Age Age Common bacteria Birth - 1 month S. agalactiae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, enterococcus species 1 - 3 months S. agalactiae, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis 3 months to over 15 years S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae
15. Bacterial evasion mechanisms Pathogenic Event Host Defense Bacterial Evasion Mechanism Colonization and mucosal invasion 1. Secretory IgA 2. Cellular cilia activity 3. Mucosal epithelium IgA protease secretion Ciliostasis Adhesive pili Survival in the blood stream Activation of Complement Pathways Blockage of Alternative Complement Pathway Crossing the blood-brain barrier Cerebral endothelium Passage through tight junctions between cells Survival within the CSF Poor opsonic activity Rapid bacterial replication
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20. CSF evaluation Positive (MTB) Negative Positive Negative Culture Increased +/- Increased Increased 5-40 Protein < 30% Normal <40% 66% CSF : plasma Glucose ratio Decreased Normal Decreased 60-80 Glucose Increased Predominate Late 5 Lymphocytes +/- increased Early Predominate 0 Polymorphs <500 <1000 >1000 0-5 Cells TB Viral Bacterial Normal
32. Skin Lesions of Meningococcemia NOTE : Petechiae have coalesced into hemorrhagic bullae
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Editor's Notes
RBC – traumatic vs CNS bleeding. After a few hours, CSF will be xanthrochromic; if traumatic it will be clear with centrifugation. Latex agglutination has high false negative rate.
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