Nipah virus was first identified during an outbreak in Malaysia and Singapore in 1999 that affected pig farmers and those in close contact with pigs. It causes respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. Subsequent outbreaks have occurred regularly in Bangladesh and occasionally in India. The virus is transmitted to humans via contact with bats or pigs infected with the virus. There is no vaccine currently available, so treatment is limited to supportive care.
this presentation is prepared with the intention to create an insight about coronavirus among the undergraduate medical students in their pre and para clinical years
Nipah virus : New emerging disease with high mortality Harivansh Chopra
Nipah Virus is one of the emerging viral infection with high mortality. Can be prevented by simply using hand washing and by good food and fruit hygiene, Still no vaccine is available for human although trials are underway. Ribavarin can be used for treatment with variable results. Prevention is still the best method for treatment. Strong IEC is required for effective prevention.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Complete information on coronavirus. Introduction, history, symptoms, covid19 structure, S protein of coronavirus, M proteins of coronavirus, spreading variations of coronavirus, vaccines, drugs to control coronavirus.
Nipah virus (Niv) is a zoonotic virus that can spread between animals and people. Fruit bats, also called flying foxes, are the NIV reservoir among animals in nature. Spread of disease occurs from the infected fruit bats to other animals, such as pigs, and from infected animals to humans. The infection occurs through contaminated fruits by the animal's body fluids such as saliva, urine, or blood. Therefore, the initial spread is from animals to humans and then within humans.
Thus, the infection caused by Niv results in milder to severe illness ranging from acute respiratory tract infection to severe brain encephalitis (swelling of the brain). The Nipah outbreaks were most commonly observed in parts of Asia, primarily India and Bangladesh. This outbreak reported 40-75% of deaths in 1998 and 2018.
Past outbreaks
Nipah virus (NiV) was first identified in Malaysia and Singapore following an outbreak of disease in pigs and people in 1999. This outbreak resulted in more than 100 deaths and nearly 300 infected cases in people. More than a million pigs were killed to control further outbreaks of disease, and there have been no outbreaks in both countries since 1999.
In 2001, an annual outbreak of the disease was observed in Bangladesh. It was also periodically identified in India. The quick spread of the virus from animals to humans raised concern about NIV and made it a global pandemic.
Transmission
The first known outbreak in Singapore and Malaysia was through direct contact with the Nipah (Niv) infected pigs or their body fluids. It identified that the infected pigs got the Niv strain from bats, which subsequently resulted in transmission of the viral strains from pigs to humans by their unprotected exposure to infected animal species, which in turn led to a severe health issue in contact with humans that was even fatal due to unavailability of proper medications or vaccinations. There was no report of person-person transmission of disease in the outbreak.
Whereas person-person transmission was first reported in India (2001) and Bangladesh (2001-2008) by consumption of fruits and vegetables contaminated by the body fluids of infected animals caused Nipah virus infection.
The spread of the Nipah virus (NiV) from people was through the following causes:
• Direct contact with infected animals or their body fluids (such as bats or pigs).
• Consumption of fruits or vegetables contaminated by the body fluids of infected animals (such as palm sap).
• Close or direct contact with Niv infected person infected their body fluids (such as nasal droplets, blood, or urine).
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms commonly appear 4-14 days after exposure to the virus. However, in many cases incubation period as long as 45 days has been reported.
Symptoms may initially include one or several of the following for 3-14days:
• Fever
• Headache
• Vomiting
Signs of respiratory illness:
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Difficulty breathing
this presentation is prepared with the intention to create an insight about coronavirus among the undergraduate medical students in their pre and para clinical years
Nipah virus : New emerging disease with high mortality Harivansh Chopra
Nipah Virus is one of the emerging viral infection with high mortality. Can be prevented by simply using hand washing and by good food and fruit hygiene, Still no vaccine is available for human although trials are underway. Ribavarin can be used for treatment with variable results. Prevention is still the best method for treatment. Strong IEC is required for effective prevention.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Complete information on coronavirus. Introduction, history, symptoms, covid19 structure, S protein of coronavirus, M proteins of coronavirus, spreading variations of coronavirus, vaccines, drugs to control coronavirus.
Nipah virus (Niv) is a zoonotic virus that can spread between animals and people. Fruit bats, also called flying foxes, are the NIV reservoir among animals in nature. Spread of disease occurs from the infected fruit bats to other animals, such as pigs, and from infected animals to humans. The infection occurs through contaminated fruits by the animal's body fluids such as saliva, urine, or blood. Therefore, the initial spread is from animals to humans and then within humans.
Thus, the infection caused by Niv results in milder to severe illness ranging from acute respiratory tract infection to severe brain encephalitis (swelling of the brain). The Nipah outbreaks were most commonly observed in parts of Asia, primarily India and Bangladesh. This outbreak reported 40-75% of deaths in 1998 and 2018.
Past outbreaks
Nipah virus (NiV) was first identified in Malaysia and Singapore following an outbreak of disease in pigs and people in 1999. This outbreak resulted in more than 100 deaths and nearly 300 infected cases in people. More than a million pigs were killed to control further outbreaks of disease, and there have been no outbreaks in both countries since 1999.
In 2001, an annual outbreak of the disease was observed in Bangladesh. It was also periodically identified in India. The quick spread of the virus from animals to humans raised concern about NIV and made it a global pandemic.
Transmission
The first known outbreak in Singapore and Malaysia was through direct contact with the Nipah (Niv) infected pigs or their body fluids. It identified that the infected pigs got the Niv strain from bats, which subsequently resulted in transmission of the viral strains from pigs to humans by their unprotected exposure to infected animal species, which in turn led to a severe health issue in contact with humans that was even fatal due to unavailability of proper medications or vaccinations. There was no report of person-person transmission of disease in the outbreak.
Whereas person-person transmission was first reported in India (2001) and Bangladesh (2001-2008) by consumption of fruits and vegetables contaminated by the body fluids of infected animals caused Nipah virus infection.
The spread of the Nipah virus (NiV) from people was through the following causes:
• Direct contact with infected animals or their body fluids (such as bats or pigs).
• Consumption of fruits or vegetables contaminated by the body fluids of infected animals (such as palm sap).
• Close or direct contact with Niv infected person infected their body fluids (such as nasal droplets, blood, or urine).
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms commonly appear 4-14 days after exposure to the virus. However, in many cases incubation period as long as 45 days has been reported.
Symptoms may initially include one or several of the following for 3-14days:
• Fever
• Headache
• Vomiting
Signs of respiratory illness:
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Difficulty breathing
Nipah virus (NiV) causes the deadly viral zoonotic infectious disease called Nipah, that can transmit from animals to humans.
Animals such as bats, most commonly the fruit bats called as flying fox and pigs were the acting carriers of Niv.
Nipah viral infection in humans results in range of clinical presentations such as asymptomatic infection (subclinical) to acute respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis.
This infection has about 40 to 75% fatality rate, which can be varied depending on the local capabilities for epidemiological surveillance and clinical management.
Presently approved treatment or vaccination is unavailable for infected rather than supportive care.
Therefore, the disease calls out for an urgent need for an approved treatment regimen for a proper cure of the disease. As stated by the 2018 annual review of the WHO R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases.
Nipah virus (NiV) causes the deadly viral zoonotic infectious disease called Nipah, that
can transmit from animals to humans.
• Animals such as bats, most commonly the fruit bats called as flying fox and pigs were
the acting carriers of Niv.
• Nipah viral infection in humans results in range of clinical presentations such as
asymptomatic infection (subclinical) to acute respiratory infection and fatal
encephalitis.
• This infection has about 40 to 75% fatality rate, which can be varied depending on
the local capabilities for epidemiological surveillance and clinical management.
• Presently approved treatment or vaccination is unavailable for infected rather than
supportive care.
• Therefore, the disease calls out for an urgent need for an approved treatment
regimen for a proper cure of the disease. As stated by the 2018 annual review of the
WHO R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases.
Nipah Virus (NiV) is a negative sense, single stranded, enveloped RNA virus.
Zoonotic virus
Family – Paramyxoviridae
Genus - Henipavirus
It is a BSL-4 pathogen.
The name "Nipah" refers to the place, Sungai Nipah (literally 'nipah river') in Malaysia, the source of the human case from which Nipah virus was first isolated.Nipah virus can remain viable for a few days in few fruit juices or mango fruits, and at least 7 days in palm milk.
Bats act as a breeding ground for many dangerous viruses, including Nipah, rabies, and Marburg viruses. Such viruses are not associated with any major pathological changes within the bat population.
Transmission of NiV occurs by eating contaminated food. Risks include contact, touch, breastfeeding, or exposure to an infected person, thereby making it easier to come in contact with a droplet of NiV infection.
More recently, experimental studies with aerosolized NiV in Syrian hamsters have found that NiV droplets (aerosol distribution) may cause NiV transmission during close contact. Drinking fresh palm milk is a very common method, and the use of Tari (ripe palm juice) is a powerful way to transmit the virus.
Brief information about nipah virus infection and more emphasis on factors responsible for emergence of disease in India and prevention & control strategies relevant to Indian conditions.
Nipah virus is an newly out broke virus from the animal species the exact reason for the virus out bake was not
known clearly some scientist are concluded the point regarding the reoccurrence of the virus in the India after a gap
of 8 years of last impact, this virus is mainly spreading because of the a kind of the cattle pigs and from the infected
fruit bat. At first virus has been found in the region of the south East Asia islands later few developed countries has
taken a step forward in order to control or eradicate the virus while few countries has left the solution for the
problem. Recently a week back the virus has been observed in the south state of the India. As it was known fact that
this virus is a zoonosis. Various countries are a step ahead in the research. When compared to the west part of the
world the impact of the disease is more in the eastern part of the world. There is no particular vaccination for this
virus, diagnosis for the disease is also a complex task.
Nipah virus (NiV) is extremely pathogenic in nature, recently emerged paramyxovirus that has been dependable for scattered outbreaks of metastasis and encephalitic ill health in Southeast Asia. The multiplied urbanization and dynamic climate have led to rising in epidemics with incidences of recent diseases disturbing human health per annum. Most of these are zoonotic. Nipah Virus Encephalitis (NVE) is one such example that is caused by bats (flying foxes). NiV may be a new detected extremely pathogenic virus with the capability to cause devastating morbidity and mortality (an expected 100% in some cases) rate among the human populations. The illness was recorded within the sort of a significant outbreak in the Republic of India in the year of 2001 and then a tiny low incidence in the year of 2007, each the outbreaks in West Bengal only in humans without any involvement of pigs. About 1.1 million pigs had to be damaged to control the outbreak. The infection transmission from pigs acting as an intermediate host throughout Malaysian and Singapore outbreaks has adapted in NIV outbreaks in Republic of India and Bangladesh, transmission of the disease directly from bats to human followed by an individual to person. The drinking of raw date palm sap contaminated with fruit bat urine or saliva containing NiV is that the only known cause of an outbreak of the disease in Bangladesh outbreaks. High death rates have also been related to recent outbreaks in Malaysia and Bangladesh.
Key-words: Nipah Virus Infection, NiV, Fruit bats, Encephalitis disease, Infectious agent, Illness, Outbreak
Avian Influenza H7N9
Winnifred Brefo-kesse
Hlth 626
March 31, 2019
Professor Hughes
Part I: THE SITUATION ASSESSMENT
In February and March 2013, a novel influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in China, causing an acute respiratory distress syndrome and occasionally multiple organ failure with high fatality rates in humans (Li et al., 2014). A total of 681 laboratory-confirmed cases and 275 deaths have been reported as of November 13th, 2015, with a fatality rate of 40% (http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/HAI_Risk_Assessment/en/). H7N9 has been evolving and established amongst chickens in China over the past two years with occasional human infections (Lam et al., 2015; Su et al., 2015), thus posing a threat to public health. In the absence of an annually-updated effective vaccine, antiviral drugs constitute the first line of defense against H7N9 infections. H7N9 viruses already possess natural resistance to M2-ion channel blockers (amantadine and rimantadine) when it first emerged in 2013 (Gao et al., 2013). Therefore, neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), which include oseltamivir (TamifluH), zanamivir (RelenzaH) and peramivir constitute the main antiviral drugs against H7N9 infections (Hu et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013). However, treatment with NAIs against H7N9 infections has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant mutant viruses, as soon as 1~9 days after administration (Gao et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2013). Moreover, the first H7N9 isolate (A/Shanghai/1/2013(H7N9), SH-H7N9) was resistant to oseltamivir (Gao et al., 2013). Avian influenza A H7 viruses are a group of viruses that is mostly found amongst birds. The H7N9 virus is a subgroup of the H7 viruses and was recently discovered in China. There were three cases discovered in March of 2013 which ultimately increased in May by 132 cases. Of those cases, the 39 infected, died because of the virus (Peipei Song1, 2013). The clinical features described in the three patients with H7N9 virus infection, included fulminant pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, multi-organ failure, rhabdomyolysis, and encephalopathy, are very troubling (Timothy M. Uyeki, 2013). As of now, this virus has reached stage two of three which is poultry passing the virus to humans. There is one more stage left which is human to human transmission which the Chinese health officials have confirmed it is not yet occurring. Creating an anti-virus takes a lot of time and until then public health officials should create new tactics in battling this epidemic.
Since there isn’t an anti-virus for the H7N9 virus, different health policies must be put in place to control the outbreak as well as preventative strategies from escalating. This vir.
Exercise Testing in Cardiology : Dr. Akif Baigakifab93
The testing modality and protocol should be selected in accordance with the patient’s estimated functional capacity based on age, estimated physical fitness from the patient’s history, and underlying disease
Several exercise test protocols are available for both treadmill and stationary cycle ergometers
Patients who have low estimated fitness levels or are deemed to be at higher risk because of underlying disease (e.g., recent MI, heart failure) should be tested with a less aggressive exercise protocol
Treadmill and cycle ergometers may use stepped or continuous ramp protocols
Work rate increments (stages) during stepped protocols can vary from 1 to 2.5 METs
Ramp protocols are designed with stages that are no longer than 1 minute and for the patient to attain peak effort within 8 to 12 minutes
The natriuretic peptide system works antagonistically to the RAAS and has favorable effects on the pathogenesis of heart failure
Natriuretic peptides are broken down by an enzyme called neprilysin
Neprilysin is also responsible for the breakdown of other substances, including bradykinin and angiotensin II
Sacubitril/valsartan is a combination product
Sacubitril is a pro-drug that, upon activation, acts as a neprilysin inhibitor
It works by blocking the action of neprilysin, thus preventing the breakdown of natriuretic peptides
This leads to a prolonged duration of the favorable effects of these peptides
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 16% of total deaths globally .
Atherosclerosis plays a central role, with early fatty streaks progressing to late complex atheromas
Vascular calcification, the pathogenic and process of ectopic bone production, specifically was shown to strongly correlate with degree of atherosclerosis (both calcified and noncalcified)
Vascular calcification was shown independently to predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
These associations, combined with the radio-opaque appearance of calcium hydroxyappatite on CT images, have led to extensive investigation of the quantification, or scoring, of coronary artery calcium (CAC).
CAC scoring has emerged as a widely available and powerful tool for stratifying cardiovascular risk, predicting patient outcomes, and guiding preventive therapy
A coronary bifurcation consists of a flow divider (carina) and three vessel segments:
The proximal main vessel (PMV)
The distal main vessel (DMV) and
The side branch (SB).
A bifurcation lesion is a major epicardial coronary artery stenosis next to and/or including the ostium of a significant side branch
A significant SB is a branch whose severe narrowing or acute occlusion before or during intervention can cause considerable ischemia or a new infarction area that will worsen the clinical course of a particular patient.
Other important elements to consider that are not inherent in the bifurcation classifications include:
Extent of disease on the SB (limited to the ostium or involving the vessel beyond the ostium)
Its size (over 2.5mm in reference diameter)
Bifurcation angle, and
Disease distribution
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction remains one of the
best prognostic determinants of survival in patients
with coronary artery disease (CAD)
⚫ It was originally thought that dysfunctional
myocardium after an infarction was irreversibly
damaged
⚫ However, it was later recognized that some of the
involved tissue remained viable and contractility may
be restored with revascularization
HCM is a common genetic heart disease reported in populations globally
Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern
The distribution of HCM is equal by sex, although women are diagnosed less commonly than men
The prevalence of unexplained asymptomatic hypertrophy in young adults has been reported to range from 1:200 to 1:500
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components:
Anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the muscular septum
Variable degrees of subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular (RV) infundibular narrowing and RV hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defects occur either as an isolated defect or as a component of a more complex lesion
It occurs in 50 percent of all children with CHD and in 20 to 30 percent as an isolated lesion
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly in children
Second most common congenital abnormality in adults, second only to bicuspid aortic valves
They are more common in premature infants and those born with low weight
VSDs are slightly more common in females (56%)
Patients with peripheral artery disease who have undergone lower-extremity revascularization are at high risk for major adverse limb and cardiovascular events
The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in this context are uncertain
Most common cyanotic heart defect seen in children beyond infancy, accounting for a third of all congenital heart disease (CHD) in this age group
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components:
Anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the muscular septum
Variable degrees of subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular (RV) infundibular narrowing and RV hypertrophy
Bentracimab (also known as PB2452) is a neutralizing recombinant human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment that binds ticagrelor and its major active circulating metabolite with high affinity and specificity
Chlorthalidone for hypertension in advanced ckdakifab93
Chlorthalidone, a thiazide-like diuretic, reduces cardiovascular morbidity, such as the incidence of stroke and heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality
However, its efficacy and safety among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease remain poorly understood
An acute illness caused by an autoimmune response to infection with group A Streptococcus, leading to a range of possible symptoms and signs affecting any or all of heart, joints, brain, skin and subcutaneous tissues
Amyloidosis is a group of protein-folding disorders in which >1 organ is infiltrated by proteinaceous deposits known as amyloid. Amyloid involvement of the heart (cardiac amyloidosis) carries the worst prognosis of any involved organ, and light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most serious form of the disease
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
2. Family - Paramyxoviridae
Genus - Henipavirus
3. Isolated and identified in 1999
Outbreak of encephalitis and respiratory illness among pig farmers
and people with close contact with pigs in Malaysia and Singapore.
Its name originated from Sungai Nipah, a village in the Malaysian
Peninsula where pig farmers became ill with encephalitis.
300 human cases with over 100 deaths were reported. In order to
stop the outbreak, more than a million pigs were euthanized,
causing tremendous trade loss for Malaysia.
Since this outbreak, no subsequent cases (in neither swine nor
human) have been reported in either Malaysia or Singapore.
4. 2001
Bangladesh
Genetic sequencing confirmed this virus as Nipah virus, but a
strain different from the one identified in 1999.
In the same year, another outbreak was identified
retrospectively in Siliguri, India with reports of person-to-
person transmission in hospital settings (nosocomial
transmission).
Unlike the Malaysian NiV outbreak, outbreaks occur almost
annually in Bangladesh and have been reported several
times in India.
5. May 2018
An outbreak of Nipah virus was reported in India's
Kerala state, and at least 16 people have died .
Most cases occurred in family members or health care
workers caring for infected patients, who had high fever,
vomiting, and breathing difficulties.
6. Direct contact with
Infected bats
Infected pigs
Nipah virus infected humans.
A common example is consumption of raw date palm
sap contaminated with infectious bat excretions.
7. Infection with Nipah virus is associated with encephalitis.
Incubation period - 5 to 14 days
Presents with 3-14 days of fever and headache, followed by
drowsiness, disorientation and mental confusion.
These signs and symptoms can progress to coma within 24-48
hours.
Some patients have a respiratory illness during the early part of
their infections, and half of the patients showing severe
neurological signs showed also pulmonary signs.
8. Long-term sequelae like
persistent convulsions and personality changes has
been noted.
Latent infections with subsequent reactivation of
Nipah virus and death have also been reported months
and even years after exposure.
9. Virus isolation attempts and real time polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) from throat and nasal swabs,
cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and blood should be
performed in the early stages of disease.
Antibody detection by ELISA (IgG and IgM) can be
used later on.
In fatal cases, immunohistochemistry on tissues
collected during autopsy may be the only way to
confirm a diagnosis.
10. Treatment is limited to supportive care.
Because Nipah virus encephalitis can be transmitted person-to-person,
standard infection control practices and proper barrier nursing
techniques are important in preventing hospital-acquired infections
(nosocomial transmission).
The drug ribavirin has been shown to be effective against the viruses
in vitro, but human investigations to date have been inconclusive and
the clinical usefulness of ribavirin remains uncertain.
Passive immunization using a human monoclonal antibody
targeting the Nipah G glycoprotein has been evaluated in the post-
exposure therapy in the ferret model and found to be of benefit.
11. Avoiding exposure to sick pigs and bats in endemic
areas and not drinking raw date palm sap.
A subunit vaccine, using the Hendra G protein,
produces cross-protective antibodies against HENV
and NIPV has been recently used in Australia to
protect horses against Hendra virus.
This vaccine offers great potential for henipavirus
protection in humans as well.
