This document provides an overview of multi-core processors, including their history, architecture, advantages, disadvantages, applications and future aspects. It discusses how multi-core processors work with multiple independent processor cores on a single chip to improve performance over single-core processors. Some key points covered include the introduction of dual-core chips by IBM, Intel and AMD in the early 2000s; comparisons of single-core, multi-core and other architectures; advantages like improved multi-tasking and security; and challenges for software to fully utilize multi-core capabilities.

2.  Introduction
 history
 Why multi-core ?
 What do you mean by multicore?
 Multi core architecture
 Comparison of Different Architectures
 Single Core vs. Multicore
 What is a 64 bit chip?
 Performance analysis
CONTENTS
• Part 1
• Part 2

3.  Advantages & Disadvantages
 Application
 Future aspect
 Conclusion
 References of work
• Part 3
• Part 4

4. • Multi-core processors represent a major
evolution in computing technology.
• They are several mostly independent cores
which work together in parallel
•This important development is coming at a time
when businesses and consumers are require it
benefits offered by these processors due to the
exponential growth of digital data and the
globalization of the Internet.
•performance and productivity benefits beyond the
capabilities of today’s single-core processors.
Introduction
• Part 1

5. •The first commercial dual core processor was
IBM's Power 4 processor for it's RISC servers in
2001.
•The first dual core processor for home use was
Intel's Pentium Processor Extreme Edition 840,
released in early April 2005.
•Less than two weeks later AMD brought their
Opteron 800 Series and Athlon 64 X2
processors to market.
History

6. Why multi-core pocessor-?
Once upon a time, when human realized that
in a normal atmosphere ,it is not possible to
increase the CPU’s clock speed after above
standard level (generally at a frequency about
4Ghz the CPU would get too hot and take a
lot of electricity). Because of too much heat
generated by CPU both Intel & AMD faced
problem. High clock speed means high heat
& resulted boom the CPU.

7. Faster processing is the basic reason ,so
that’s why technology shifted towards the
Multicore processor rather than increase the
clock frequency. It was decided to put more
than one processor on a single die. That is
what we call two core or dual core .

8. •A multi-core microprocessor is one which combines
two or more independent processors into a single
package, often a single integrated circuit.
A Multi-core
computing• A dual-core device
contains only two
independent
microprocessors.
What do you mean by Multi core?

9. If multi means two or more, what types are
there?
A dual-core
processor
contains two
cores.
A quad-core
processor
contains four
cores.
A processor with all cores on a
single die is called a monolithic

10. Multi core architecture
• Part 2

11. 11
Comparison of Different Architectures
CPU State
Cache
Execution
unit
Single Core
Architecture

12. CPU State
Cache
Execution
unit
CPU State
Cache
Execution
unit
Comparison of Different Architectures
Multiprocessor

13. 13
Comparison of Different Architectures
CPU State
Cache
Execution
unit
Hyper-Threading Technology
CPU State

14. 14
Comparison of Different Architectures
CPUa State
Cache
Execution
unit
Multi-Core Architecture
CPU State
Cache
Execution
unit

15. 15
Comparison of Different Architectures
CPU State
Execution
unit
Multi-Core Architecture with Shared Cache
CPU State
Cache
Execution
unit

16. 16
Comparison of Different Architectures
Multi-Core with Hyper-Threading Technology
CPU State
Cache
Execution
unit
CPU State CPU State
Cache
Execution
unit
CPU State

17. Threading & Non-threading
technology

18. Single Core vs. Multicore

19. What is a 64 bit chip?
• A 64-bit processor means that it can handle
64 bits of data at one time.
• A 64-bit processor can handle more
intensive programs than a 32-bit.
• The 64-bit processor also supports more
memory than a 32-bit processor. 32-bit
CPUs can generally handle up to 4GB of
memory, with the ability to process 2GB of
memory at a time while a 64-bit system can
utilize more significantly

20. Performance Analysis

21. •Multi-tasking productivity
• it will work faster for certain programs
•PC security
•Cool and quiet
•The signals between different CPUs travel shorter
distances, therefore they degrade less
•More features can be added to the computer
Advantages
• Part 3

22. •They do not work at twice the speed as a normal
processor. They get only 60-80% more speed.
•The speed that the computer works at depends on
what the user is doing with it.
•They cost more than single core processors.
•They are more difficult to manage thermally than
lower-density single-core processors.
Disadvantages

23. Applications
• Video editing
• Encoding .
• 3D gaming.
• Powerful graphics solution
• Optimized productivity titles, such as
AVG's virus-scanning software.
The full effect and the advantage of having
a multi-core processor, when it is used
together with a multithreading operating .

24. Multicore Challenges
Having multiple cores on a single chip gives some
challenges .
• Power and temperature management
• Memory/cache coherence is another challenge
• And finally, using a multicore processor to its full
potential is another issue

25. Next-generation software applications will
require the performance capacity provided by
multi-core processors. Software destined to
break barriers in the user experience, like as
• Voice recognition
• Artificial intelligence (AI)
That will be only possible by multi-core
processors
Future aspect

26. In the next years the trend will go to multi-core
processors more and more. The main reason is
that they are faster than single-core processors
and they can be still improved., but added
interesting new problems. But in the future there
will be still some applications for single-core
processors because not every system needs a
fast processor.
Conclusion
• Part 4

27. References
• R. Merritt, “CPU Designers Debate Multi-core Future”, EETimes Online, February
2008, http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=206105179
• R. Merritt, “Multicore Puts Screws to Parallel-Programming Models”, EETimes Online,
February 2008,
http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jtml?articleID=206504466
• R. Merritt, “X86 Cuts to the Cores”, EETimes Online, September 2007,
http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jtml?articleID=202100022
• R. Merritt, “Multicore Goals Mesh at Hot Chips”, EETimes Online, August 2007,
http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jtml?articleID=201800925
• P. Frost Gorder, “Multicore Processors for Science and Engineering”, IEEE CS,
March/April 2007
• D. Geer, “Chip Makers Turn to Multicore Processors”, Computer, IEEE Computer
Society, May 2005 [5] L. Peng et al, “Memory Performance and
It has been taken from various sources