This document discusses harnessing solar energy through an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) based control system using fuzzy logic. It begins with basics of solar photovoltaics including PV cells, modules, and arrays. It then covers MPPT techniques such as perturb and observe method and incremental conductance method. Finally, it discusses implementing fuzzy logic for MPPT control, including fuzzification, inference, and defuzzification steps. The goal is to use fuzzy logic's ability to handle imprecise inputs to provide a fast and accurate MPPT control system.

1. HARNESSING SOLAR ENERGY
THROUGH MPPT BASED CONTROL SYSTEM
USING FUZZY LOGIC
Presented By:
1. Mohd. Shadab Khan
2. Mohd. Wasim Khan
3. Mazir Abbasi
Supervised By:
Mr. Abrar Ahmad

2. CONTENTS
SOLAR PV
BASICS AND ITS
GRAPH
• Solar PV Basics
• Photovoltaic Graph
• Temperature graph
MPPT
TECHNIQUES
• Why MPPT?
• Techniques
• MPPT Curves
FUZZY LOGIC
• Basic
Concept
• Logic
• Application
s

3. Solar Photovoltaic &
PHOTOVOLTAIC
By: Mohd. Wasim
Khan
INTRODUCTION
TO

4. INSIDE A SOLAR PV CELL
An ideal solar cell can be considered as a current source.
The current produced is proportional to solar irradiation falling on it.
A typical cell produces about 0.5 V to 1V.
Source: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/261132099_systems
Equations Involved

5. SOLAR CELL , MODULE & ARRAYS
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV
Solar module
PV Array

6. SOLAR MODULE IN SERIES & PARALLEL
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf

7. GENERIC I-V CURVE OF PV MODULE
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf

8. P-V& I-V CURVE OF A SOLAR
MODULE
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV

9. OPERATING
POINT
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV
The point at which PV Module Operates

10. TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE
EFFECT
Source: ieeexplore.org
1. With Increase of Temperature Voc decreases & corresponding Pout decreases.
2. With Increase of Irradiance Voc increases hence increase in Pout is observed.

11. SOLAR PARAMETERS
• Short Circuit Current (Isc): Short circuit current is max current produced by a
solar cell when its terminals are short circuited.
• Open Circuit Voltage (Voc): Open circuit voltage is the max voltage that can
be obtained from a solar cell when its terminals are left open. The upper limit of
Voc is decided by the band gap Eg.
• Fill Factor (FF): Fill Factor is defined as ratio of maximum power to the product
of Voc and Isc. FF is 1 for ideal case. Practically its value ranges from 0.8 to
0.89.
• FF = Vm x Im
Voc x Isc
• Efficiency : Efficiency is defined as ratio of maximum power of module to
power delivered by solar irradiance or it can be defined as ratio of product of
Voc ,Isc and FF to solar irradiance .
• Efficiency = Voc x Isc x FF

12. CONTROLLERBy: Mohd. Shadab Khan
BASICS OF
MPPT

13. MPPT HARDWARE
Source: amazon.in/mppt_controller

14. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
To automatically find the voltage (VMPP) or current (IMPP) at which a
PV array should operate to obtain the maximum power output
(PMPP)under a given temperature and irradiance.
MPPT TOPOLOGY
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf

15. CHOICE OF MPPT TECHNIQUE
IMPLEMENTATION
COMPLEXITY
SENSORS
REQUIRED
ABILITY TO
DETECT MULTIPLE
LOCAL MAXIMA
RESPONSE TIME
COST APPLICATION

16. I-V CURVES FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND
IRRADIANCE LEVEL
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv01aop.1.pdf

17. P-V CURVES FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND
IRRADIANCE LEVEL
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf

18. P-V CURVE FOR
MPPT
Source: ieeexplore.mppt_technique/papers.org

19. NEED FOR MPPT
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV
IRRADIANCE & TEMPERATURE VARIATION
LOW CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(9-17%)
TO MAXIMIZE OUTPUT POWER
TO MAXIMIZE THE EFFICIENCY

20. MPPT TECHNIQUES
MPP
Techniques
Indirect
Fixed Voltage
Method
Fractional Open
Circuit Voltage
Method
Direct
Perturb &
Observe Method
Incremental
Conduction
Method

21. FIXED VOLTAGE METHOD
Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/mppt
Based on adjusting
the operating voltage
on a seasonal basis
1. Higher MPP during
winters
2. Lower MPP in
summers
Not very accurate , &
accuracy is increased
if irradiance variation
is minimized

22. FRACTIONAL OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE
METHOD
Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/fc_mpp
Approximation
of VMPP is done
by finding the
open circuit
voltage
Value of K
depends on PV
technology used
and kind of solar
cell used
Not always point
to the MPP, but
only in the
region around
MPP
VMPP=
K*Voc

23. PERTURB & OBSERVE (P&O)/HILL CLIMBING
METHOD
Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/p&o
Direct measurement
of current, voltage
and power.
Faster and accurate
response
Incrementing the voltage
increases
the power when operating on
the
left of the MPP and decreases
the
power when on the right of
the MPP.
1
2
3
6
5

24. DRAWBACKS OF P&O METHOD
• Hill climbing and P&O methods can fail under rapidly changing
atmospheric conditions.
• The process is repeated periodically until the MPP is reached.
• The system oscillates about the MPP.
• Smaller perturbation size slows down the MPPT
• If the irradiance fluctuates
and shifts the power curve
within one sampling period,
the operating point will
fluctuate
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV

25. INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE METHOD
Source: http://file.scirp.org/Html/4-1770016%5Ce05a0b9b-b3dc-49c5-9a11-7d933bb7a3a9.jpg
Based on the fact that slope of
PV:
1. Zero at MPP
2. Negative at right of MPP
3. Positive on left of MPP
.
.
Uses two sensors:
VOLTAGE & CURRENT
SENSORS to sense the
output voltage and current
ALGORITHM works by comparing
the ratio of derivative of
conductance with the
instantaneous conductance
When this instantaneous
conductance equals the
conductance of the solar then MPP
is reached

26. Logic……… IN MPPT
By: Mazir
Abbasi
IMPLEMENTATION
OF
FUZZY

27. A QUICK REVIEW
 Definition of fuzzy
 Fuzzy – “not clear, distinct, or precise; blurred”
 Definition of fuzzy logic
 A form of knowledge representation suitable for notions that cannot be
defined precisely, but which depend upon their contexts.
Slowest FastestSlow Fast
Speed=0 Speed=1Speed=0.5 Speed=0.75

28. FUZZY CONTROLLER IN PV
Artificial intelligent
tool which computes
output based on
expert knowledge.
faster response
using the expert
knowledge and
measured data
base.
FL Algorithm is
chosen for PV
because of its fast
and accurate
response
Fuzzy logic
controller
algorithm is
based on three
steps
1-expert
knowledge, 2-
fuzzification &
inference diagram
3-defuzzification.

29. FUZZY LOGIC MPPT
CONTROLLER
FUZZIFICATIO
N
INFERENC
E
DEFUZZIFICATI
ON
RULES

30. Acquisition of data(P,V)
Generate inputs for fuzzy logic control
Apply the fuzzy logic controller and obtain the
proper D value
Buck boost controller
STAR
T
RETUR
N
FUZZY LOGIC FLOWCHART IN
MPPT

31. HARDWARE MODELLING OF FUZZY IN
MPPT
FUZZIFICATIO
N
INFERENC
E
ENGINE
DEFUZZIFICATI
ON
FUZZY
RULE
BOX
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
PV
MODEL
BUCK
BOOST
CONVERTE
R
LOAD
FILTERING AND
GENERATION OF
FUZZY INPUT
VARIABLES
PWM
GENERATO
R Duty Ratio Command

32. REFRENCE
S
[1] Noppadol Khaehintung, Phaophak Sirisuk, and Anatawat Kunakorn, “Grid-connected photovoltaic
system with maximum power point tracking using self-organizing fuzzy logic controller”, IEEE Power
Electronics and Drives Systems, PEDS, Kuala Lumpur, 2005, pp. 517-521.
[2] Huan-Liang Tsai, “Insolation-oriented model of photovoltaic module using MATLAB/SIMULINK”, Solar
Energy 84, 2010, pp. 13181326.
[3] S.Lalouni, D. Rekioua, T. Rekioua, and E. Matagne, “Fuzzy logic control of sand-alone photovoltaic
system with battery storage”, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 193, Issue2, 5 September 2009, pp.
899-907.
[4] V. Salas, E. Olias, A. Barrado, and A. Lazaro, “ Review of the maximum power point tracking algorithms
for stand-alone photovoltaic systems”, Soalr Energy Materials & Solar Cells 90, 2006, pp. 1555-1578.
[5] M.S. Ait Cheikh, C. Larbes, G. F. Tchoketch Kebir, and A. Zerguerras, “Maximum power point tracking
using a fuzzy logic control scheme”, Revue des energies Renouvelables, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 387-395.
[6] H.J. Möller, ‘Semiconductors for Solar Cells’, Artech House, Inc, Norwood, MA, 1993.
[7] R. Gottschalg, M. Rommel, D.G. Ineld and H. Ryssel, ‘Comparison of Different Methods for the